clustering asas applications asas-tn2 first workshop, malmö 26 to 28 september 2005 fraser mcgibbon...

Clustering ASAS Applications

ASAS-TN2 First Workshop, Malmö26 to 28 September 2005

Fraser McGibbonBAE Systems

ASAS-TN2, First Workshop, Malmo, 26 to 28 September 2005 Slide 2

Contents

• Objectives of ASAS clustering

• Background to ASAS clustering

• Characteristics and Requirements of ASAS applications

• Definition of ASAS Clusters

• Clustering Table

• Examples of how the Clustering Table can be used


Objectives of ASAS Clustering

• To group ASAS applications by similar characteristics, for example:

– Operational goal

– Operational procedures for controllers and flight crew

– Requirements on aircraft systems supporting ASAS

– Requirements on ATC systems

– Who are the decision makers

– Who benefits

• ASAS clusters will form homogeneous sets of applications which will enable the

structuring of development and deployment plans to support ASAS-TN2 WP3

(ASAS Application Maturity)

• Additionally, Clustering ASAS applications can also provide a useful decision

making tool to allow airlines, ANSPs or airports to answer the following questions:

– What can I do with …?

– What do I need to do if I want to …?


Background

• PO-ASAS* defines the following packages of airborne applications:

– Package 1:• Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness (ATSA)• Airborne Spacing (ASPA)

– Package 2:• Airborne Separation (ASEP)

– Package 3:• Airborne Self-separation (SSEP)

• Ground surveillance (ADS-B) applications have been included in Package 1

• Runway Incursion Alerting applications have been included in Package 2/3

Airspace users through JAFTI (Joint User Requirements Group [JURG] ADS-B Fast Track Initiative) consider Package 1 applications as the first “building block”

which will be the basis for further Packages, enabling high benefits.

This position has been endorsed by EUROCONTROL, FAA and ICAO.

*Principles of Operation for the Use of Airborne Separation Assurance Systems (PO-ASAS), version 7.1, FAA / EUROCONTROL, 19 June 2001


Characteristics and Requirements of ASAS Applications

Airborne Equipment•ADS-B in•ADS-B out•CDTI•Pilot Guidance•Safety Criticality

Ground Infrastructure•Modified Ground Display•Controller Tools•ADS-B Receiver•TIS-B Transmitter

Progress•e.g. Concepts, Standards, Simulations, Trials

•By whom?

Near Term Benefit•e.g. Safety, Economic, Efficiency, Capacity, Situational Awareness

•In which airspace region?

Decision Makers• i.e. Airline, Regulator, Airport or ANSP

•Single or Multiple

Training• i.e. Pilots or ATCos

Who invests•e.g. Airline, ANSP, Airport

Competing or Complementary

Solutions

Role and Implications

ASASASAS


ASAS Clustering – Package 1 Applications

Airborne Spacing (ASPA)

• Enhanced Crossing and Passing Operations (ASPA-C&P)

• Enhanced Sequencing and Merging Operations (ASPA-S&M)

Ground Surveillance

• ATC Surveillance on the Airport Surface (ADS-B-APT)

• ATC Surveillance in Radar Airspace (ADS-B-RAD)

• ATC Surveillance in Non-Radar Airspace (ADS-B-NRA)

• Aircraft Derived Data for Ground Tools (ADS-B-ADD)

Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness (ATSA)• Enhanced Traffic Situational Awareness during Flight Operations (ATSA-AIRB)• Traffic Situational Awareness on the Airport Surface (ATSA-SURF)• In-Trail Procedure in Oceanic Airspace (ATSA-ITP)• Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach (ATSA-VSA)

All currently

being defined

by the RFG…


ASAS Clustering – Package 2 and 3 Applications

Self Separation (SSEP)

• Self-Separation in an Organised Track System (SSEP-OTS)

• Self-Separation in Segregated Free Flight Airspace (SSEP-FFAS)

• Self-Separation in Managed Airspace (SSEP-MAS)

Airborne Separation (ASEP)

• Lateral Crossing and Passing (ASEP-LC&P)

• Vertical Crossing and Passing (ASEP-VC&P)

• In-Trail Follow (ASEP-ITF)

• Flight Level Change (ASEP-FLC)

Alerting for Runway Incursion

• Airborne Tool

• Ground Tool

Currently being investigated in

ASSTAR, NUP II and other

programmes


Clustering Spreadsheet

Application Airborne Equipment Ground Infrastructure Progress Airborne Integrity Role Implications Near term Benefit Decision Makers Training Who invests Competing/

Pk Long Name Short Name ADS-B out ADS-B In CDTIGuidance (for pilot)

OtherModified Ground Display

Controller Tools

ADS-B Rx TIS-B Tx

(e.g. Concept, Standards, Simulation, Trials, and by whom?)

A/B/C/D (see DO 178B)

notes

(When and why used, links with other concepts) Type Area

(Equipment and Training)

(Airlines/ ANSP/ Airport)

Complementary Solution

Enhanced traffic situational awareness during flight operations

ATSA-AIRBAll aircraft or TIS-B support

All aircraft Yes No None No No NoYes, if not full ADS-B out equipage

RFG, MA-AFAS, NUP, MFF

CHigher if used for routine decision making

Supplements traffic information supplied by ATCos and other flight crews

Full equipage or TIS-B ground support

Situational Awareness (not for decision making)

All areasAirlines or Regulator (mandate)

PilotsAirline and ANSP (if TIS-B used)

None

Traffic situational awareness on the airport surface

ATSA-SURFAll aircraft or TIS-B support

All aircraft Yes NoTaxi Map desirable

No No NoYes, if not full ADS-B out equipage

RFG, MA-AFAS, NUP CHigher if used for routine decision making

Used for safety, not for navigation. Linked to surface traffic alerts.


Safety LocalAirlines or Regulator (mandate)

PilotsAirline and Airport (if TIS-B)

Multilateration and TIS-B

In-trail procedure in oceanic airspace

ATSA-ITP (aka AIFLC)

All aircraft involved

Own ship Optional

Flight path vector of adjacent aircraft, decision support useful

ADS-C Desirable

Desirable if ADS-C available

No No No RFG, NLR, NASA CAllows access to optimum flight levels

EconomicOceanic/ Remote

AirlinePilots and Controllers

Airline and ANSP (Training)

No

1Enhanced visual separation on approach

ATSA-VSATarget aircraft

Following aircraft

Yes NoHUD Optional for target acquisition

No No No No RFG, FAA, NASA C

Visual contact to be maintained with the preceding aircraft throughout the application

Rules for transition to non-visual approach unclear

Capacity Local AirlinePilots and Controllers


None

Enhanced crossing and passing operations

ASPA-C&PTarget aircraft

Own ship Optional Yes None NoYes, including alerting

No No RFG (Low priority) C

Assuming spacing application but in practice unlikely

Link with ATCo conflict detection and resolution tools

May not be viable as spacing task

Efficiency Regional AirlinePilots and Controllers


Current Procedures

Enhanced sequencing and merging operations

ASPA-S&MAll target aircraft

All following aircraft

Optional Yes NoneDesirable (aircraft coupling lines)

No No No RFG (Fast Track) CLink with CDA, AMAN and DMAN. Link with 4D for en-route sequencing

Capacity/ Efficiency

Local/ Regional



None

ATC surveillance on the airport surface

ADS-B-APT All aircraft N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes No Yes No RFG, MA-AFAS, NUP A or C A if only meansFor safer and more efficient ATC ground movements

Full equipage or surveillance data fusion

Safety/ Efficiency Local Single Airport Controllers Airport and AirlineMultilateration and Radar

ATC surveillance in radar airspace

ADS-B-RADDepends on use

N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes No Yes No RFG C?depending on use

Supplements radar coverage

Radar/ADS-B fusion, accuracy improvements?

Efficiency Local Single ANSP Controllers Airline and ANSP Radar

Aircraft derived data for ground tools

ADS-B-ADDAll aircraft (depending on use)

N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes N/A N/A RFG (Low priority) Cdepending on use

Link with CDM

May need datalink upgrade for additional parameters

Capacity and Efficiency

Regional Single/Multiple ANSP(s) Controllers Airline and ANSP None

ATC surveillance in non-radar area

ADS-B-NRA All aircraft N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes No Yes NoRFG (Fast Track), Air Services Australia

C or B? As good as radarTo provide radar like service

Full equipage CapacityLocal/ Regional

Regulator (mandate) Controllers Airline and ANSP Radar

Lateral Crossing and Passing

ASEP-LC&P All involved Own ship Desirable YesNone Anticipated

No TBD No No ASSTAR TBD

ASPA-C&P as a separation application. Addressed lateral case separately

Higher integrity than Package 1

EfficiencyLocal/ Regional

ANSP/AirlinePilots and Controllers

Airline and ANSP None

Vertical Crossing and Passing

ASEP-VC&P All involved Own ship Desirable YesNone Anticipated

No TBD No No ASSTAR TBDAddressed vertical Crossing and Passing case separately





In-Trail Follow ASEP-ITF All involved Own ship Desirable YesNone Anticipated

Yes TBD No No ASSTAR TBD

Conceptually similar to ASPA-S&M (remain behind) but this application for non-radar areas


CapacityOceanic/ Remote



2 or 3 Flight Level Change ASEP-FLC All involved Own ship Desirable Yes ?None Anticipated

No TBD No No ASSTAR TBDConceptually similar to ATSA-ITP but as a separation application


EfficiencyOceanic/ Remote



Runway Incursion Alerting (airborne)

All aircraft All aircraft YesResolution Advisories

Alerting System and Runway Info

N/A N/A N/A N/AMA-AFAS, NUP II, EMMA, SLATS

TBDHigher integrity than Package 1

Safety Local Airline PilotsAirline and ANSP (unless using TIS-B)

None

Runway Incursion Alerting (ground tool)

All aircraft N/A N/A N/APossible datalink alert to aircraft

Yes YesNot essential if radar

No MA-AFAS, NUP II TBDHigher integrity than Package 1

Safety Local ANSPPilots (if datalink alert) and Controllers

Airline and ANSPGround radar and SMGCS

Self separation in an Organised Track System

SSEP-OTS All aircraft All aircraft Yes Yes TBD Yes TBD N/A N/A ASSTAR TBDHigher integrity than Package 1


ANSPPilots and Controllers


Self-Separation in segregated Free Flight Airspace

SSEP-FFAS All aircraft All aircraft Yes Yes TBD Yes TBD N/A N/ANLR, NASA, INTENT, MFF





Self-Separation in Managed Airspace

SSEP-MAS All aircraft All aircraft Yes Yes TBD Yes TBD N/A N/A NASA Langley TBDHigher integrity than Package 1

Efficiency Regional ANSPPilots and Controllers



Clustering Spreadsheet (ASPA-S&M Example)




Controller Tools

ADS-B Rx TIS-B Tx



notes















None














Own ship Optional


ADS-C Desirable






No



Following aircraft







None










Current Procedures







Local/ Regional



None














Link with CDM











































None























Using the Table

What can I do with …?


CDTI

Ground Display / ATCo Tools

Pilot Guidance

ATSA-AIRB

ATSA-ITP

ASPA-C&P

ASPA-S&M

ASEP-LC&P

ASEP-VC&P

ASEP-ITFASEP-FLC

SSEP-MAS

Package 1Package 2/3

ATSA-VSA

Note: ADS-B / TIS-B assumed

SSEP-FFAS

SSEP-OTS

ASAS Clustering – Airborne Applications

ATSA-SURF

Surface Map

RunwayIncursion


ASAS Clustering – Ground Perspective

Modified Ground Display

ATCo ToolsADS-B

Receiver

Package 1Package 2/3

Note: ADS-B out assumed

ADS-B-APT

ADS-B-RAD

ADS-B-NRA

ADS-B-ADD

RunwayIncursion


Using the Table

What do I need to do if I want to …?


What do I need to do if I want to … ?

ANSP

“I am an ANSP who provides the ATC service for a busy hub airport with a dominant carrier. What do I need to do to improve efficiency and increase

capacity of my terminal airspace?”

Airport

“I am an airport operator who manages an airport frequently affected by fog. What do I need to do to improve safety and efficiency during low visibility

conditions?”

Airline

“I am an airline who is often not able to fly the most efficient flight profile in oceanic airspace. What do I need to do to increase flight efficiency and

reduce my operating costs?”


Airline(Increase efficiency and reduce operating costs in oceanic airspace)




Controller Tools

ADS-B Rx TIS-B Tx



notes















None














Own ship Optional


ADS-C Desirable






No



Following aircraft







None










Current Procedures







Local/ Regional



None














Link with CDM











































None























ANSP(Improve efficiency and increase capacity for hub operations)




Controller Tools

ADS-B Rx TIS-B Tx



notes















None














Own ship Optional


ADS-C Desirable






No



Following aircraft







None










Current Procedures







Local/ Regional



None














Link with CDM











































None


























Controller Tools

ADS-B Rx TIS-B Tx



notes















None














Own ship Optional


ADS-C Desirable






No



Following aircraft







None










Current Procedures







Local/ Regional



None














Link with CDM











































None






















Airport(Improve safety and efficiency of low visibility ground operations)


Conclusions

• ASAS Clustering proposed:

– Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness

– Airborne Spacing

– Ground Surveillance

– Airborne Separation

– Alerting for Runway Incursion

– Self Separation

• These clusters will be used in ASAS-TN2 WP3 (ASAS Application Maturity)

• The clustering table can also be used as a decision making tool

Thank you

clustering asas applications asas-tn2 first workshop, malmö 26 to 28 september 2005 fraser mcgibbon...

Documents

workshop malmo

asas clusteringcharacteristics

asas clustering package

clustering spreadsheetasastn2

decision makersi

useful decision

aircraft systems

situational awarenessin