cm0256 pervasive computinggoodale/teaching/cardiff/... · what is pervasive computing? move away...

CM0256 Pervasive Computing

Patrick J. [email protected]

Some Module Topics

Introduction to Pervasive Computing (this lecture)

Scenario Device Technologies

RFID WinCE J2ME

Pervasive Computing Architecture Infrastructure Requirements

Further Module Topics Wireless Networks Wireless LANs Mobile IP Personal Area Networks Cellular Wireless Networks Mobility Management + Naming Issues Quality of Service

Wired Wireless Power Management Sensor Networks Routing in Sensor Networks User Interaction/Usability

People Teaching

Tom Goodale Omer Rana Patrick Stockreisser

Tom will focus on: Sensor Networks Power Management

Omer will focus on: Device Tech Location Management

Patrick will focus on: Wireless Networks Quality of Service

Module Overview

22 Lectures 100% Examination

No Coursework

4 Questions in Exam Answer ANY three 2 hours

Lectures on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday 1 additional lecture slot (but not always used) you will be told

about this beforehand

Module Timetable

Goodale“Sensor Networks … 1”Feb 26511

Goodale“Power Awareness … 3”Feb 21410



Goodale“Architecture Issues … 2”Feb 1337

Goodale“Architecture Issues … 1”Feb 1236

Rana“Location Management”Feb 725

Rana“Device Tech 2Feb 624

Stockreisser“Device Tech 1”Feb 523

Goodale“Scenario Introduction”January 3012

Stockreisser“What is Pervasive Computing”January 2911

LecturerSubjectDateTWLecture

Module Timetable Cont…

StockreisserGoodaleRana

“Revision”March 27922

Goodale“Case Study: Healthcare”March 26921

Goodale“Recap and Scenario”March 20820

Goodale“Software Development Approaches”March 19819

Stockreisser“QoS … 2”March 13718

Stockreisser“QoS … 1”March 12717

Stockreisser“LAN and WANs … 3”March 5616





LecturerSubjectDateTWLecture

Lecture Outline

In this lecture we: Introduce the concept of Pervasive Computing Look at the technological and user views Get an overview of existing examples:

Mobile Devices Embedded Systems Sensor Networks

Look at some existing challenges Look at the general trend in this field

What is Pervasive Computing?

Move away from computation on the “desk top” “Ubiquitous” Access via a variety of devices:

PDAs, Smart Appliances, Embedded Systems Computational devices already available in:

Home appliances, mobile phones, cars, traffic lights, medical devices – and soon in clothes, etc

Use of such devices Via specialist, always-on, wireless networks Support interaction between devices Use “collection” of devices to do something useful

Pervasive - Ubiquitous - Everyware

Promoters of this idea hope that embedding computation into the environment and everyday objects would enable people to interact with information-processing devices more naturally and casually than they currently do, and in ways that suit whatever location or context they find themselves in.

A central aim has been invisibility We do not need to continually rationalise our use of a system. We should cease to be aware of it. It is "literally visible, effectively invisible"

In the same way that a skilled carpenter engaged in his work might use a hammer without consciously planning each swing.

Similarly, when you look at a street sign, you absorb its information without consciously performing the act of reading.

Pervasive Computing:Two Views

Smart Environments

Information Usage from a variety of Sources

Device Interactivity for new types of applications

Invisible Interaction with the environment

Augmenting Human Capability through specialist devices

Technology View User View

Mobile DevicesVirtual Keyboard

PDA

Virtual Keyboard

PDA

PDA+ Phone

Bluetooth Headset

Robust Case for PDA – for outdoor use

Foldable “Fabric” Keyboard: www.eleksen.com

Direct Brain Interfaces


Smart Environments






MicroDisplays

AugmentedVision with backpackComputer

www.tinmith.net/ wearable.htm

http://www.tinmith.net/wearable.htm



UbiFingerGesture-based Input

SenseBoard

Wearable Display

CerfBoard (Intrinsyc)

Used for embeddedSystems:

Contains:•Processor (Intel PX255)•Comms and I/O slots•LCD support•Bluetooth support

Support for Linux orWinCE


Smart Environments






WatchPhone

Nokia Medallion I RX-3

CameraWatch andPhone

Java Ring

MatchboxComputer

TinyWebServer

Lego Mindstorms

http://mindstorms.lego.com/

What is a sensor?

Pulse Oximetry sensor(CodeBlue project)

RFID Tags (IEEE Computer (April 2004))

Hand Held devices(Compaq iPAQ)

Linux embedded in Sensoria© sGate platforms, with external geophone,microphone, and infrared sensors.

NRL

Sensor Network Constraints Communication

May not support 802.11b or Bluetooth protocols (approx 80kbps) IEEE 802.15.4 standard (250kps, 2.4GHz) Range constraints (+ node density)

Power Consumption Berkeley Motes powered by 2 AA batteries Drop to low power “sleep” mode

Computation Limited capability to undertake computation Some support for data aggregation at sensor

Uncertainty May be due to: malfunction, noise/interference, or incorrect

placement

Embedded Systems

The AJILE AJ100 board. Its use in a distributed Image processing system.

TINI board. Its use in distributed control

Ajile aj100EVB Evaluation Board

Embedded JavaEthernet based connection to the Internet (support for HTTP)Hardware based JVMdigital I/O, serial RS-232 ports and bus systems like RS-485 and I2C(Snijder Micro)

Java Optimised Processor on anAltera Cyclone

Embedded Networked Sensing Applications

Micro-sensors, on-board processing, wireless interfaces feasible at very small scale--can monitor phenomena “up close”

Enables spatially and temporally dense environmental monitoring

Contaminant Transport

Ecosystems, Biocomplexity

Marine Microorganisms Seismic Structure Response

Embedded Networked Sensing is revealing previously unobservable phenomena

Seismic Applications: Long-time users of sensor networks

Multi-Hopped Radio Linked Array features Time synchronization Network event detect Sequenced event transmission Deployments planned for UCLA

campus and the San Andreas Fault (100m-10 km)

Easily reconfigurable Worldwide application

Factor Building site 72 channels of 24-bit data 500 samples per second

continuous data recording Internet accessible real time data

monitoring Observation of 4 strong

earthquakes, including Alaska & Japan

Radio link

Fiberoptic link

Hardware Platform for Seismic Deployment

Stargate (Intel, Crossbow):X-Scale based, 400MHz

32MB RAM, Flash; runs Linux

802.11:fast back-channel,

command and time distribution

Kinemetricsdigitizer

GuralpSeismometer

The Ceiling Array: A Real Wireless Channel

Motes used to transmit and receive packets --A real-world augmentation to a virtual simulation

General Trend

Devices getting smaller and more integrated into other things

Networks are becoming more widely available Heterogeneous in nature Require independent setup and configuration Managed/Owned by different people

Devices are non-intuitive to use

Power Management Power source for devices important Batteries may be impractical for many devices

Solar cells not suitable for all environments Power not speed may be an issue for future devices Possibilities:

Micro-fuel cells Power Scavenging

Temperature Gradients Wind/air flow Pressure Variations Vibration Human power (body movements) – SRI Show (0.5W)

Bio-fuel cells

Network Management

Local vs. Wide area networks Interaction (such as Hand-off strategies)

Support for routing Privacy and security issues Quality of Service – especially over wireless

links Issues of scaling Defining network boundaries

Relationship to other emerging areas

Ubiquitous Computing Very similar focus – extending real life activities via

mobile computing infrastructure Context awareness: “what you get depends on

where you are and what activity you are doing” Use of “fields” – as a communication mechanism Example: Finding location – then determining

which taxi to call

Other ideas

Ambient Computing Speckled Computing

(http://www.specknet.org)

Lecture Summary

In this lecture we have: Introduced the concept of Pervasive Computing Looked at the technological and user views Got an overview of existing examples:

Mobile Devices Embedded Systems Sensor Networks

Looked at some existing challenges Looked at the general trend in this field

End of Lecture

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