Upload File

cmpen 411 vlsi digital circuits lecture 01: introduction

  • Home
  • Documents
  • CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction
104
CMPEN 411 L01 S1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction Kyusun Choi CMPEN 411 Course Website link at: http://www.cse.psu.edu/~kyusun/teach/teach.html [Adapted from Rabaey‟s Digital Integrated Circuits, Second Edition, ©2003 J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic]

Upload: others

Post on 18-Dec-2021

5 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S1

CMPEN 411VLSI Digital Circuits

Lecture 01: Introduction

Kyusun Choi

CMPEN 411 Course Website link at: http://www.cse.psu.edu/~kyusun/teach/teach.html

[Adapted from Rabaey‟s Digital Integrated Circuits, Second Edition, ©2003 J. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic]

Page 2: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S2

How Do the Pieces Fit Together?

I/O systemInstr. Set Proc.

Compiler

OperatingSystem

Application

Digital Design

Circuit Design

Instruction SetArchitecture

Firmware

Coordination of many levels of abstraction

Under a rapidly changing set of forces

Design, measurement, and evaluation

Datapath & Control

Memory

system

Page 3: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S3

Course Contents

Introduction to digital integrated circuits

CMOS devices and manufacturing technology. CMOS logic gates and their layout. Propagation delay, noise margins, and power dissipation. Combinational (e.g., arithmetic) and sequential circuit design. Memory circuit design.

Course goals

Ability to design and implement CMOS digital circuits and optimize them with respect to different constraints: size (cost), speed, power dissipation, and reliability

Course prerequisites

EE 310. Electronic Circuit Design

CMPEN 471. Logic Design of Digital Systems

Page 4: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S4

Background from CMPEN 471 and EE 310

Basic circuit theory

resistance, capacitance, inductance

MOS gate characteristics

Hardware description language

VHDL or verilog

Use of modern EDA tools

simulation, synthesis, validation (e.g., Synopsys)

schematic capture tools (e.g., LogicWorks)

Logic design

logical minimization, FSMs, component design

Page 5: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S5

Course Structure

Design and tool intensive class

Industrial Standard toolset for layout

- Online documentation and tutorials

HSPICE for circuit simulation

unix (Sun/Solaris) operating system environment

Lectures:

2 weeks on the CMOS inverter

3 weeks on static and dynamic CMOS gates

2 weeks on C, R, and L effects

2 week on sequential CMOS circuits

2 weeks on design of datapath structures

2 weeks on memory design

1 week on design for technology scaling, trends

Schedule is on-line syllabus

Page 6: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S6

What is the most important invention for the last 50 years?

Page 7: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S7

The evolution of IC

When was the first transistor invented?

A. 1945 B. 1947 C. 1951 D. 1958

The inventors were in which company?

A. IBM B. Bell Lab C. TI D. Motorola

Page 8: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S8

The evolution of IC

When was the first transistor invented?

Modern-day electronics began with the invention in 1947 of the transfer resistor, also known as the bi-polar transistor by Bardeen et.al at Bell Laboratories

Page 9: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S9

The evolution of IC

When was the first IC invented?

A. 1956 B. 1958 C. 1959 D. 1961

The inventor was with which company?

A. IBM B. Bell Labs C. TI D. Motorola

Page 10: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S10

The evolution of IC

When was the first IC (integrated circuit) invented?

In 1958 the integrated circuit was born when Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments successfully interconnected, by hand, several

transistors, resistors and capacitors on a single substrate

Page 11: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S11

Transistor Revolution

Transistor –Bardeen et.al. (Bell Labs) in 1947

Bipolar transistor – Schockley in 1949

First bipolar digital logic gate – Harris in 1956

First monolithic IC – Jack Kilby in 1958

First commercial IC logic gates – Fairchild 1960

Page 12: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S12

MOSFET Technology

MOSFET transistor - Lilienfeld (Canada) in 1925 and Heil (England) in 1935

CMOS – 1960‟s, but plagued with manufacturing problems (used in watches due to their power limitations)

PMOS in 1960‟s (calculators)

NMOS in 1970‟s (4004, 8080) – for speed

CMOS in 1980‟s – preferred MOSFET technology because of power benefits

BiCMOS, Gallium-Arsenide, Silicon-Germanium

SOI, Copper-Low K, strained silicon, High-k gate oxide...

Page 13: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S13

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits

Kyusun Choi

VLSI Chip Pictures

Page 14: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S14

Page 15: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S15

Page 16: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S16

Page 17: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S17

Fig. 12 Increase in wafer sizes, showing the increased number of dice (chips) per wafer available when increasing the wafer area. (a) 100-mm (4-in.) wafer. (b) 150-mm (6-in.) wafer. (c) 300-mm (12-in.) wafer. (Intel Corp.)

Fig. 7 Person with lint-free garments in a vertical laminar-flow clean room forintegrated-circuit fabrication with 300-mm (12-in.) wafer. (Personnel do not handle wafers in this manner. This was done just for the photograph.) (Intel Corp.)

Page 18: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S18

Page 19: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S19

Page 20: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S20

Page 21: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S21

Page 22: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S22

Page 23: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S23

Page 24: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S24

Page 25: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S25

Page 26: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S26

Page 27: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S27

Page 28: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S28

Page 29: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S29

Fig. 1. Cross-section of a 64-bit

high-speed processor in a 90nm

technology. (Courtesy: IBM)

Page 30: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S30

Page 31: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S31

Page 32: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S32

Page 33: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S33

Page 34: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S34

Page 35: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S35

Page 36: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S36

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 37: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S37

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 38: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S38

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 39: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S39

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 40: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S40

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 41: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S41

Programmable Logic Gate Array

Page 42: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S42

Page 43: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S43

Worldwide Semiconductor RevenueSource: ISSCC 2003 G. Moore “No exponential is forever, but „forever‟ can be delayed”

Page 44: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S44

Transistors shipped per year

How many transistors you can buy with 1$?

Page 45: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S45

Average Transistor Price by Year

Page 46: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S46

1’’ Wafer in 1964 vs. 300 mm (12 ”) Wafer in 2003

Page 47: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S47

The IC in 1961 vs. Intel Pentium 4 in 2004

Page 48: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S48

Moore’s Law

In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors that can be integrated on a die would double every 18 months (i.e., grow exponentially with time).

Amazingly visionary – million transistor/chip barrier was crossed in the 1980‟s.

2300 transistors, 108 KHz clock (Intel 4004) - 1971

16 Million transistors (Ultra Sparc III)- 1998

42 Million, 2 GHz clock (Intel P4) - 2001

125 Million, 3.4Ghz (Intel P4 Prescott)- 2004 Feb 02

234 Million, IBM Cell processor, 2005

1.7 Billion, 1.6Ghz (Intel Itanium-2)-2006, Sept.

Page 49: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S49

Moore’s Law plot (from his original paper)

Page 50: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S50

Moore’s Law in Microprocessors

40048008

80808085 8086

286

386

486Pentium® proc

P6

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Tra

nsis

tors

(M

T)

2X growth in 1.96 years!

# transistors on lead microprocessors double every 2 years

Courtesy, Intel

Page 51: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S51

# of Transistors per Die

Source: ISSCC 2003 G. Moore “No exponential is forever, but „forever‟ can be delayed”

Page 52: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S52

Intel 4004 Microprocessor (10000 nm) 1971

2300 transistors

13.5 mm2

108k Hz

Page 53: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S53

Intel Pentium 4 –Prescott (2004)

90 nm

Area: 112 mm2

125 M transistors

L1-Instruction: 16K

L1-Data: 16K

L2: 1MB

Page 54: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S54

Two chips you are seeing today

Microprocessor ASIC (Application Specific IC)

366MHz 40mm2 3.65M 40Mhz 10 mm2 500K

Page 55: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S55

IBM Cell Overview

IBM/Toshiba/Sony joint project - 4-5 years, 400 designers, 3/9/2001, $400M, 234 million transistors, 4+ Ghz, 256 Gflops (billions of floating pointer operations per second)

P

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

S

P

U

M

I

C

R

R

A

C

B

I

C

MIB

Cell Prototype Die (Pham et al, ISSCC 2005)

Page 56: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S56

State-of-the Art: Lead Microprocessors

Pentium 4 180 nm (2001) 1.7 G Hz 42 M transistors 217 mm2

Pentium 4 130 nm (2003) 3.2G Hz 55 M Transistors 131 mm2

Pentium 4 90 nm (2004) 3.4 Hz 125 M Transistors 112 mm2

Pentium on 65nm (2005/2006) 250 Million

Pentium on 45nm (2007) 400 to 500 Million

Freq

(HZ)

Transistors Die size

mm2

Power Date

Server IBM Power 4+ 1.7G 180M 267 N/A 2003

Itanium 2 1.5G 410M 374 130W 2003

IBM Power 5 2G 276M 389 N/A 2004/2

PC IBM Power PC970 1.8G 58M 118 42W 2003/6

Pentium 4 3.2G 55M 131 82W 2003/6

AMD Athlon 64 2.2G 105M 192 89W 2003/9

Pentium 4 (Prescott)

3.4G 125M 112 103W 2004/2

(All use 0.13 um technology except Pentium 4 – Prescott, which uses 90 nm tech)

Page 57: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S57

State-of-the Art: Lead Microprocessors (up to date)

300mm wafer and Pentium 4 IC. Photos courtesy of Intel.

Page 58: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S59

Die Size Growth

40048008

80808085

8086286

386486

Pentium ® procP6

1

10

100

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Die

siz

e (

mm

)Die size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s Law

Courtesy, Intel

Page 59: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S60

Clock Frequency

Lead microprocessors frequency doubles every 2 years

P6

Pentium ® proc486

3862868086

8085

8080

8008

40040.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Fre

qu

en

cy (

Mh

z)

2X every 2 years

Courtesy, Intel

Page 60: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S61

Power Dissipation

P6Pentium ® proc

486

386

2868086

80858080

80084004

0.1

1

10

100

1971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000

Year

Po

wer

(Watt

s)

Lead Microprocessors power continues to increase

Courtesy, Intel

Power delivery and dissipation will be prohibitive

Page 61: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S62

Power Density

4004

8008

8080

8085

8086

286386

486Pentium® proc

P6

1

10

100

1000

10000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Po

wer

Den

sit

y (

W/c

m2)

Hot Plate

Nuclear

Reactor

Rocket

Nozzle

Power density too high to keep junctions at low temp

Courtesy, Intel

Page 62: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S63

Power Density

4004

8008

8080

8085

8086

286386

486Pentium® proc

P6

1

10

100

1000

10000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Po

wer

Den

sit

y (

W/c

m2)

Hot Plate

Nuclear

Reactor

Rocket

Nozzle

Power density too high to keep junctions at low temp

Courtesy, Intel

Page 63: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S64

ITRS

The “International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors” (ITRS) is the industry‟s prediction for the future of semiconductors.

It is mostly an extrapolation of existing trends.

The ITRS is often “slow”.

http://public.itrs.net

Page 64: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S65

Technology Directions: “Old” SIA Roadmap

Year 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014

Feature size (nm) 180 130 100 70 50 35

Mtrans/cm2 7 14-26 47 115 284 701

Chip size (mm2) 170 170-214 235 269 308 354

Signal pins/chip 768 1024 1024 1280 1408 1472

Clock rate (MHz) 600 800 1100 1400 1800 2200

Wiring levels 6-7 7-8 8-9 9 9-10 10

Power supply (V) 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.6

High-perf power (W) 90 130 160 170 174 183

Battery power (W) 1.4 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.4

http://public.itrs.net

Page 65: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S66

Technology Scaling

Technology shrinks by ~0.7 per generation

With every generation can integrate 2x more functions on a chip; chip cost does not increase significantly

Cost of a function decreases by 2x

But …

How to design chips with more and more functions?

Design engineering population does not double every two years…

Hence, a need for more efficient design methods

Exploit different levels of abstraction

Page 66: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S67

Design Abstraction Levels

SYSTEM

GATE

CIRCUIT

VoutVin

CIRCUIT

VoutVin

MODULE

+

DEVICE

n+

S D

n+

G

Page 67: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S69

Design Productivity Crisis

We need to improve the productivity via design automation

1996: 100 person in P6 team

2007: 1600 person in P10 team

Question: ?? Person in P38 team ?

Answer: Every inhabitant of our planet

Year Tech. (nm)

Complexity Frequency 3 Yr. Design Staff Size

Staff Costs

1997 350 13 M Tr. 400 MHz 210 $90 M

1998 250 20 M Tr. 500 MHz 270 $120 M

1999 180 32 M Tr. 600 MHz 360 $160 M

2002 130 130 M Tr. 800 MHz 800 $360 M

Page 68: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S70

Major Design Challenges

Microscopic issues

ultra-high speeds

power dissipation and supply rail drop

growing importance of interconnect

noise, crosstalk

reliability, manufacturability

clock distribution

Macroscopic issues

time-to-market

design complexity (millions of gates)

high levels of abstractions

reuse and IP, portability

systems on a chip (SoC)

tool interoperability

Page 69: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S71

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 71L12: Testing

Page 70: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S72

Chip Technology

1/7/2015 72L12: Testing

Page 71: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S73

1/7/2015 73L12: Testing

Chip Technology

Page 72: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S74

1/7/2015 74L12: Testing

Chip Technology

Page 73: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S75

1/7/2015 75L12: Testing

Chip Technology

Page 74: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S76

1/7/2015 76L12: Testing

Chip Technology

Page 75: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S77

1/7/2015 77L12: Testing

Chip Technology

Page 76: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S78

1/7/2015 78L12: Testing

Chip Technology

GHz frequency

Page 77: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S79

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 79L12: Testing

Page 78: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S80

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 80L12: Testing

Page 79: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S81

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 81L12: Testing

Page 80: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S82

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 82L12: Testing

Page 81: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S83

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 83L12: Testing

Page 82: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S84

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 84L12: Testing

Page 83: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S85

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 85L12: Testing

Page 84: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S86

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 86L12: Testing

Page 85: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S87

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 87L12: Testing

Page 86: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S88

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 88L12: Testing

Page 87: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S89

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 89L12: Testing

Page 88: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S90

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 90L12: Testing

Page 89: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S91

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 91L12: Testing

Page 90: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S92

Wafer Cost

1/7/2015 92L12: Testing

Chip Yield

Page 91: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S93

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 93L12: Testing

Page 92: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S94

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 94L12: Testing

Page 93: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S95

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 95L12: Testing

Page 94: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S96

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 96L12: Testing

Page 95: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S97

Wafer Cost

1/7/2015 97L12: Testing

Yield = 6/12 = 50% Yield = 57/64 = 89%

Wafer Cost = $10,000

Page 96: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S98

Wafer Cost

1/7/2015 98L12: Testing

Page 97: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S99

1/7/2015 99L12: Testing

Wafer Cost

Page 98: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S100

1/7/2015 100L12: Testing

Wafer Cost

Page 99: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S101

1/7/2015 101L12: Testing

Wafer Cost

Page 100: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S102

1/7/2015 102L12: Testing

Wafer Cost

Page 101: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S103

1/7/2015 103L12: Testing

Wafer Cost

Page 102: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S104

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 104L12: Testing

Fault Cost:

Wafer $0.01 - $ 0.1

Packaged Chip $0.1 - $1

Board $1 - $10

System $10 – 100

Field $100 - $1000

Page 103: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S105

Testing and Faults

1/7/2015 105L12: Testing

Pentium Bug:

824 633 702 441.0 X 1/ 824 633 702 441.0

= 0.999 999 996 274 709 702

Due to faulty floating point number divide look-up table

Page 104: CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction

CMPEN 411 L01 S106

Next Lecture and Reminders

Next lecture

Design metrics

- Reading assignment – 1.3

Reminders


CMPEN 411CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009Spring 2009 …kxc104/class/cmpen411/09s/lec/C411L15... · 2009-04-02 · CMPEN 411CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009Spring

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/13s/lec/C411L20Multiplier… · VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20: ... Use serial-parallel

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 14 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C... · VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 14: Designing for Low Power ... Input control

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuitskxc104/class/cmpen411/12s/lec/C411L00Layout… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Kyusun Choi Chip Fabrication and Layout. Fig. 12 Increase in wafer

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 12 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L12LogicEffo… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 12: ... the minimum

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 07: …kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L07PassTran... · VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 07: Pass Transistor Logic

Sp09 CMPEN 411 L21 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 Lecture 21: Shifters, Decoders, Muxes [Adapted from Rabaeys Digital Integrated Circuits,

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits - cse.psu.edu

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introductionkxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/EE400intro.pdfVLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: Introduction ... CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 17 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L17DynamicSeqC...Lecture 17: Dynamic Sequential Circuits ... Add above logic added to all

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital CircuitsVLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 …kxc104/class/cmpen411/09s/lec/C411L02D... · 2009. 1. 20. · Spring 2009 Lecture 02: Design Metrics Kyusun Choi

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 23: Memory …kxc104/class/cmpen411/14f/lec/C411L23Memor… · - Adder, multiplier, divider, shifter, etc. ... - But up-sizing

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L09Resistance.pdfSp12 CMPEN 411 L09 S.15 Parasitic Simplifications Inductive effects can be ignored if

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 01: …kxc104/class/cmpen411/15s/lec/EE400...CMPEN 411 L01 S3 Course Contents Introduction to digital integrated circuits CMOS devices and manufacturing

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture …kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L15Dynamic… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 15: ... np-CMOS (Zipper)

Sp09 CMPEN 411 L15 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 Lecture 15: Dynamic CMOS [Adapted from Rabaey’s Digital Integrated Circuits, Second

Sp09 CMPEN 411 L17 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 Lecture 17: Dynamic Sequential Circuits And Timing Issues [Adapted from Rabaey’s Digital

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture …kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L10...Sp12 CMPEN 411 L10 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 10: The Inverter,

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 23: …kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L23... · 2012-03-27 · Sp12 CMPEN 411 L23 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring

Sp09 CMPEN 411 L22 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 Lecture 22: Memery, ROM [Adapted from Rabaey’s Digital Integrated Circuits, Second Edition,

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 03 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/12s/lec/C411L03MOStran.… · VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 03: MOS Transistor Kyusun Choi

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital CircuitsVLSI Digital Circuits ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/11s/lec/C411L13LowPow… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital CircuitsVLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture 02 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/11s/lec/C411L02DMetrics.… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture 02: ... circuits

Sp09 CMPEN 411 L14 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2009 Lecture 14: Designing for Low Power [Adapted from Rabaey’s Digital Integrated Circuits,

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital CircuitsVLSI Digital Circuits ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/09s/lec/C411L14LowPower2.pdfSwitching activity is a strong function of the input signalSwitching activity

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/14f/lec/C... · Sp12 CMPEN 411 L20 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20: Multiplier

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 02: Design Metricskxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L02DMetrics.… · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 02: Design Metrics ... circuits

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 07 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/12s/lec/C... · Sp12 CMPEN 411 L07 S.3 Review: Static Complementary CMOS V DD F(In1,In2,…InN) In1

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 05: IC Manufacturing · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Lecture 05: IC Manufacturing Kyusun Choi [Adapted from Rabaey’sDigital Integrated

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C... · Sp12 CMPEN 411 L20 S.1 CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 20: Multiplier

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture …kxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/lec/C411L19Adder.pdf · CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2012 Lecture 19: ... Inverting all

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuitskxc104/class/cmpen411/16s/hw/C411L00HspiceTi… · Hspice circuit simulation program 0. Design synthesis 1. Before the expensive chip fabrication 2

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture 20 ... · - Adder, multiplier, divider, shifter, etc. Register file and pipeline registers Multiplexers, decoders Control Sp11

CMPEN 411 VLSI Digital Circuits Spring 2011 Lecture 01 ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/11s/lec/C411L01intro.pdf · CMOS devices and manufacturing technology. CMOS logic gates and their layout

“12-bit Wallace Tree Multiplier” CMPEN 411 – Final Report ...kxc104/class/cmpen411/09s/pj/Poremba_FINAL.pdf · “12-bit Wallace Tree Multiplier” CMPEN 411 – Final Report