co 2 valuing virginia’s ecosystem services. provisioning types of ecosystem services…………...
TRANSCRIPT
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CO2
Valuing Virginia’sECOSYSTEMServices
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Provisioning
Types of Ecosystem Services…………
Regulating Cultural
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The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment found that 60% of ecosystem services are being degraded or used unsustainably
Degraded Mixed EnhancedProvisioning
• Capture fisheries• Wild foods• Biomass fuel• Genetic resources• Biochemicals, natural
medicines, & pharmaceuticals• Freshwater
Timber and wood fiber Other fibers (e.g., cotton,
hemp, silk)
Crops Livestock Aquaculture
Regulating • Air quality regulation• Regional & local climate
regulation• Erosion regulation• Water purification & waste
treatment• Pest regulation• Pollination• Natural hazard regulation
Water regulation Disease regulation
Global climate regulation (carbon sequestration)
Cultural • Spiritual, religious, or cultural heritage values
• Aesthetic values
Recreation & ecotourism
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005
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Ecosystem Services: Value for Who?
Value to Landowner:Marketed services
Food
Value to Society:Non marketed services
Flood controlFresh water
Climate regulation
Fiber Fuel
Water filtrationClimate regulationWater regulationFresh waterErosion controlStorm protectionViewsheds
Timber, Food, Fish, Fuel
Erosion control
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Externalities
Decision Making Process
Land Value Cost
Land Clearing Costs
Building Constructio
n Costs
CARBON
AIR
BIODIVERSITY
WATER
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How do we price the ecosystem services and benefits?
•Taxes (land-use)
•Best Management Practice (BMP) cost-share
•Protected areas (conservation easements, public land acquisition)
•User fees (park visitation)
•Cap and Trade programs (pollution emissions)
•Land-use policy (zoning)
•Certification Programs designed to insure sustainability
•Eco-labeling
•Legislation (wetlands, endangered & threatened species)
So what’s missing?
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3 Million More People1 Million Fewer Forest Acres
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005 2030 2005 2030
VA Population VA Forest Land
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We have choices to make…
Stormwater Management Strategies
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Virginia LandownerCarbon Sequestration Project
18 acres afforested
Riparian Buffer to be planted –
12 acres
Nutrient Credit
Trading Project
8 acres
Wetlands
Mitigation Project –
11 acres87 acres total forested acres
in municipal watershed
Hardwood Stand – 400 MBF
Beef Cattle Operation
Hay Production
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“conservation will ultimately boil down to rewarding the private landowner who conserves the public interest.” -
Aldo Leopold
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Water Quality Efforts(Sediment Load & Nutrient Load Reduction)
Sediment Load Reduction – Infiltration
• Practices– Afforestation– Stream restoration work
• Potential Applications– Municipal water supplies (reservoir life, treatment costs)– Stormwater management– TMDLs
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Thank You
Buck Kline
Virginia Department of Forestry
900 Natural Resources Drive
Charlottesville, VA 22903
PHONE: 434-220-9035
E-MAIL: [email protected]