CO2 Sequestration using Ionic Liquids

Guided by:- Prof. S.L. PandharipandePresented by :- Aakruti Makode

Final Year, B.Tech. (CE)

L.I.T. Nagpur

Global Warming

The general increase in the earth’s near surface air and ocean temperatures – A pressing issue in the world

Evidence Of Global Warming

Droughts

Melting of Glaciers

Floods

Floods

The Greenhouse gases Industrial EmissionsBurning of fossil fuels DeforestationVolcanic eruptionsPollution of automobiles.

Causes Of Global Warming

Role Of CO2 In Global Warming

How could CO2 cause global warming by greenhouse effect ?

Carbon dioxide (26%) is not as strong a greenhouse gas as water vapor (58%), but it absorbs energy in wavelengths (12-15 micrometers) that water vapor does not, partially closing the “water vapor window” through which heat radiated by the surface would normally escape to space.

:- Partially closing water vapor window

CO2 Sequestration has the potential to provide a critical near-term solution for reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Need For CO2 Sequestration

1. Post Combustion CaptureInvolves the removal of CO2 from the flue gas produced by combustion of fossil fuel.

CO2 Capture Systems

2. Pre Combustion CaptureInvolves reaction of a fuel with air and/or steam to give mainly a gas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide reacts with steam to give CO2 and more hydrogen.

CO2 Capture Systems

3. Oxy Fuel combustion Capture Nearly pure oxygen is used for combustion instead of air, resulting in a flue gas that is mainly CO2 and H2O.

CO2 Capture Systems

CombustionO2

Fuel

>90% CO2

The main issue with post combustion capture system is the low concentration of CO2 in the flue gases (3- 10%) that makes the process very costly.

In pre combustion capture system, cost of equipment and the availability are the drawbacks.

With oxy fuel combustion capture system, large cryogenic oxygen production requirement may be cost prohibitive.

Drawbacks of CO2

capture systems

Current Technologies

1. Amine based technology

Drawbacks of amine based solvents:-1. High vapour pressure2. Corrosive nature3. The cost due to the high energy requirements of the process

Thus there is need for alternative solvents.....

Ionic Liquids

• 1.Salts with melting point close or below 1000 C .

• 2.Entirely made up of equal number of positive & negative ions.

• 3.So, entire system is neutral.

As attractive forces decreases…

Ionic Liquids

Salt melts…

How to reduce ionic attractions?

Ionic Liquids

Make the ions Ugly

In chemical terms make them Big and Non symmetrical

Irregular shapes prevent ion packing together neatly…

Ionic Liquids

They don’t evaporate…

Ionic Liquids Are magic… They conduct electricity…

They are said to be green solvent…

Ionic Liquids

Commonly used ionic liquid systems…

CO2 Sequestration using Ionic Liquids

1. Absorption system2. Supported liquid

membrane

CO2 capture systems for ionic liquids

Ionic Liquids System MEA-based technology

Avoid solvent evaporation (low VP).

Solvent evaporation and drops dragging (high VP).

Low volatility and better thermal Stability.

High volatility and thermally unstable

Less degradation and lower corrosivity. It is corrosive in nature. Lower energy and cost for regeneration High cost of solvent scrubbing.

Comparison Between Ionic Liquids System And MEA-Based Technology

High viscosity Attempts should be made to exploit the opportunity to “tailor” the properties of the ILs by changing cations and anions. It can be reduced with an addition of organic solvent, addition of facilitating agent which enhance the CO2 solubility.

Major Challenge with ionic liquids

As compare to the present earlier CO2 capture strategies ,

Ionic Liquids has been emerged as a novel media for CO2 capture in chemical absorption technique.

Conclusion

1. “CO2 capture using ionic liquids” master thesis by Muhammad Waseem Arshad

department of chemical and biochemical engineering technical university of denmark, May 2009

2. “The research progress of CO2 capture with ionic liquids” by ZHAO Zhijun , DONG Haifeng and ZHANG Xiangping , Beijing key laboratory of ionic liquids clean process, state key laboratory of multiphase complex system, institute of process engineering, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China college of chemistry and chemical engineering, graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

References

3. “Closed cycle continuous membrane ionic liquids absorption/desorption process for CO2 capture” UK patent application, No. 1500989.7

4. “MCIL-CO2: Novel Membrane Contactor Using Ionic Liquids for Pre-combustion CO2 Capture” Liyuan Deng*, Zhongde Dai, Muhammad Usman, Magne Hillestad, Jun Li and Lu Bai, department of chemical engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway.

5. http://www.slideshare.net/balmukund/water-a-green-solvent-with-a-diference

Thank you