CO2 storage value chain; a subsea perspective2019 Subsea Operations Conference, Haugesund, 7th August 2019. Mike Carpenter

01

What is carbon storage?

SLOW FAST

CARBON CYCLE

Carbon storage

SNØHVIT CCS Operation since 2008

SLEIPNER CCS Operation since 1996

The Norwegian Fullscale Project (2016-2023)

23 years of experience

ca. 22 Mtonn CO2stored on NCS

Norcem AS, Brevik Cement plant

Fortum Oslo Varme ASWaste-to-energy plant

▪ Onshore terminal with buffer storage, pump and heater

▪ 110 km pipeline, 12 inches▪ One injection well

Onshore terminal inØygarden, Hordaland

▪ Transport by 1 or 2 ships▪ 700 km distance▪ Liquefied state (15 barg, -26°C)

▪ Capture of 400 kt/y Norcemand Fortum Oslo Varme each

▪ Amine technology ▪ Includes CO2 cleaning,

liquefaction and buffer storage (4 days)

Equinor, Total and Shell (“Northern Lights”) are planning the CO2 transport and storage in the North Sea

Open 20 June 2019

CO2 Capture Sites• CO2 captured by Fortum, at Klemetsrud, and

Norcem, in Brevik, and stored locally at their jetties

• Storage volume at each site required to account for ship arrival every four days plus a buffer for any upsets in the overall chain

• Jetty operations are assumed to be by capture plant

Ship(s)• One ship per capture

site• 7,500m3 of LCO2 per

ship• Pressure 13-18barg

at equilibrium temperature (approx. -30 ºC)

Onshore facilities• One jetty for ship mooring• Tank volume based on ship cargo size• Pump system to provide required

export pressure• Evaporator to maintain vapour/liquid

balance in storage tanks during injection

• Heater to inject above pipeline minimum temperature

Pipeline• 110km un-insulated pipeline• 12 ¼ inch• Single phase (liquid) CO2

Subsea facilities• Connecting pipeline,

umbilical and well(s)• Water depth ~300m• Connection for future

step-out

Umbilical

Connectionfrom Oseberg-

field providing power and signal from DC/FO and

fluids through umbilical system

Subsea injection well• Injection of CO2 into

reservoir at ~2-3000m depth

• Pressure in reservoir ~2-300bar

• Temperature in reservoir ~100 ºC

Storage complex• Planned in the Johansen formation South

of Troll (“Aurora”) with an expected capacity of at least 100 Mt of CO2

• Contingency storage in Heimdal (depleted field)

Northern Lights concept overview

6 | 6 | Northern Lights - CCS seminar for European Unions

02

Subsea hardware & operations

Location map

Single satelite

Subsea scope

Subsea concept

• Phase 1• Single well satellite structure• 12 ¾” pipeline from Øygarden• DC/FO cable and fluid umbilical from Oseberg A• standard VXT from the NCS 2017+ frame agreement

• Phase 2• Daisy-chain tie-in for up to 4 future wells• Short ROV made-up jumpers for DC/FO cable and fluid umbilical

connections• The end manifold (PLEM) of the main 12 ¾” pipeline has a connection

point for a phase 2 infield pipeline, which in turn will be connected to each of the future wells via rigid spools.

❑ 20 x 12 m footprint❑ 16 m height including 9 m suction anchors

Control system

• Well control from Oseberg A

• The Subsea Injection Control System will control all valves and chokes on the X-mas tree and flow control module and read all instruments

• Electro-hydraulic system with DC power supply and fibre optical signal transfer

• Open water-based hydraulics -no return flow line

• Pressure intensifier for DHSV (up to 690bar) eliminates the need for HP lines in the umbilical

Flow assurance

• CO2 in liquid phase• Single-phase liquid from shore to reservoir to avoid flow instability and

excessive cooling of fluid or equipment during flow choking.

• Reservoir pressure (~2-300bar) ensures liquid phase condition at the wellhead for all flowrates.

• No MEG in umbilical• No hydrates under normal or transient operations

• MEG connection point included subsea for vessel intervention

CO2 considerations

• Key differences with CO2: • no fire or explosion hazard• no pollution issues• compressive fluid behaviour• Joule-Thompson cooling effect

• Effect on design?• Annulus management • Elastomer compatibility• Pressure release topside• Pressure release subsea• Barrier philosophy

• R&D ongoing for future design optimization

03

A future industry

Demonstrate CCS

Contribute to cost reductions for coming CCS projects

Enable business development

Mitigate climate change

Norwegian state subsidies from MPE via Gassnova

The CO2 storage value chain is growing…

Companies will own and operate their facilities

CO2 from Europe

This project in operation 2023/2024

➢ Integrated Satelite structure delivery October 2019➢ Well spud in November 2019

Mike Carpenter

mc@gassnova.no

Cristel Lambton

crl@equinor.com