COAL & PETROLEUM

BY:- Aditya.S.A Chetan.S.K Abhilash.G Ishwar.R.C

COAL & PETROLEUM Coal & Petroleum are sources of energy

that are non-renewable .They are made in nature a long time before and they will finish after long time-use.

COAL Coal is a combustible, sedimentary,

organic rock, formed from vegetation. In other words coal is a fossil fuel created from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago. It is considered as non renewable source of energy because it takes too much time to form.

TYPES OF COAL

COAL

Peat LigniteSub-

Bituminous BituminousCoal Anthracite Graphite

Chemical composition of coal Coal mainly consists of carbon. It also consists some metal compound

and some other impurities.

Products of coal and their uses Coke:• produced by heating coal

(bituminous coal) around 1573 Kelvin in the absence of air.

• Black porous substance: contains 98% carbon.

• Doesn't emit more while burning.

Uses :• Used as a fuel.• Preparation of producer gas

and water gas.• Manufacture of graphite and

calcium carbide (CaC2)

Coal tar:• It is a thick black

colored viscous liquid.• It is obtained from coal.• It is a mixture of more

than 200 different carbon compounds.

Uses:Vicks,drugs,explosives,paints, varnishes,plastcs,synthetic fibres,napthelene balls etc..

Coal gas:• It is a mixture of CO,CH4 & H2.• It is obtained during the processing of

coal to get coke.• Used as a fuel in industries and lighting

purpose.

Coal mining There are two types to mine coal:• Surface mining• Underground mining

Surface mining

Underground mining

Distribution of coal all over the world

Petroleum Petroleum is a naturally

occurring,flammableliquid,that are found in geologic formations beneath the earth’s surface. It was produced when sea creatures died and got covered with sand and clay. Under high pressure, these dead organisms changed into petroleum and natural gases.

Products of petroleum• Kerosene• Petrol• Diesel• Jet fuel• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)• Lubricants• Bulk tar• Paraffin wax• Plastics

Chemical composition of petroleum

Uses of petroleum Paraffin wax

Jet fuel

Lubricant oil

Oil well An oil well is a

general term for any boring through the earth’s surface that is designed to find and acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons. It is used to pump out petroleum

Environmental effects of coal mining Generation of hundreds of millions of tons

of waste products is pro. Acid rain from high sulfur coal. Contamination of land and water ways and

destruction of homes from fly ash spills. Coal-fired power plants emit

mercury,selenium,and arsenic which are harmful to human health and environment.

Coal-fired power plants shorten nearly 24,000 lives a year in United States, including 2,800 from lung canser.

Environmental effects of petroleum Extraction:• Oil extraction is costly and some times

environmental damaging, although Dr. john hunt of woods hole oceanographic institution pointed out in a 1981 paper that over 70% of the reserves in the world are associated with visible macro seepage, and many oil fields are found due to natural seeps. Off shore exploration and extraction of oil disturbs the surrounding marine environment.

Oil spills:• Crude oil and refined fuel spills from tanker ship

accidents have damaged natural ecosystem in Alaska, the Galapagos Islands,France and many other places.

THANK YOU….!!!