cocaine and the heart. intro in 2014: 39,200 million americans - 12 and older have admitted to using...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cocaine and the Heart
![Page 2: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Intro
• In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life.
• 9,424 million reported using crack-cocaine.http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Cocaine#sthash.A8NFjO6K.dpbs
• In 2009, almost one million visits involved an illicit drug, either alone or in combination with other types of drugs. DAWN estimates that—
• cocaine was involved in 422,896 ED visitshttp://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/drug-related-hospital-emergency-room-visits
![Page 3: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Finally, in 2000, the first significant decline in cocaine use in several years was observed; annual prevalence among 12th graders dropped to 5.0% and then leveled at about that level through 2007, before declining again and reaching 2.6% by 2013." - See more at: http://
www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Cocaine#sthash.A8NFjO6K.dpuf
Some Good News
![Page 4: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pharmacology
• Cocaine hydrochloride is well absorbed through all mucous membranes
• As compared to the intravenous route, mucosal administration results in slower onset of action, later peak effect and a longer duration of action
• Euphoria is almost immediate after crack cocaine is smoked
• Crack cocaine is considered the most addictive form of the drug
![Page 5: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine by the neuron (red X), resulting in excess amounts of this neurotransmitter at receptor sites on the effector cell. Short video
![Page 6: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CV effects of cocaine: Ischemia
• Risk of AMI – Acute Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack increases 24 fold during the 60 minutes following cocaine use
• There is NO dose-response relationship between cocaine use and AMI
• Six percent of patients with cocaine-related chest pain have cardiac enzyme elevation
• Most patients with cocaine-related AMI have no risk factors except concomitant use of tobacco
![Page 7: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pathogenesis of cocaine related ischemia
![Page 8: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Ischemia
•Low blood supply to the bodies organs.
![Page 9: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cocaine and atherosclerosisKollodgie et al, JACC 1991: -Review of 5871 autopsies, 495 subjects with evidence of
cocaine use -studied degree of atherosclerosis and mean number of
adventitial mast cells per coronary segment -Results: -significantly more mast cells in subjects with cocaine-
associated thrombosis than in the other age matched groups -subjects with cocaine-associated thrombosis also had
significant coronary atherosclerosis without plaque hemorrhage despite a mean age of 29 +/- 2 years
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/073510979190646Q
![Page 10: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cocaine and Aortic Dissection• Aortic dissection or rupture has been
temporally related to cocaine use.
• Arterial dissection probably results from the substantial increase in systemic arterial pressure induced by cocaine.
• Also, the cocaine-related rupture of Aortic aneurysm and intracerebral aneurysms has been reported.
![Page 11: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What do these look like
![Page 12: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cocaine Facial Effects
• If nothing else reaches you
• Know that cocaine will change your face from the inside.
• YOU DO NOT HAVE TO LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING SIX SLIDES.
• PICTURES SHOW THE RESULTS OF USING COCAINE.
![Page 13: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Danniela Westbrook
•
![Page 14: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cocaine eats away the septum
![Page 15: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cocaine eats away the structure of the face
![Page 17: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Cocaine and the Heart. Intro In 2014: 39,200 million Americans - 12 and older have admitted to using cocaine at least once in their life. 9,424 million](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020417/5697bfe01a28abf838cb347d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cocaine eats way the sinus cavity.