coco lacto drink national

8/9/2019 Coco Lacto Drink National

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INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Uric acid and urea compose the nitrogen in the animal manure. After excretion, urea and

uric acid are liquefied to ammonia, which can be gone astray through volatilization. Ammonia

secretions, on the other hand, from animal manure to the atmosphere can cause numerous altered

problems, extending from human health to production problems to environmental difficulties.

Thus, exposure can lead to poor animal performance and adverse impacts on health.

Based from a study on probiotic drin s for animals, it shows great effects on the digestive

system and metabolism of the animals. This research caused an increase in the growth and

strength of animals with the use of lactobacilli drin s for fighting coc s. The researchers then

connect the possibility of using coconut !uice based on the facts that coconut water can also help

in the digestion of foods and metabolism of animals.

The above information urged the researchers to do a feasibility study on the effects of

mixing coconut water and lactobacilli drin to lessen the ammonia "foul smell# and nitrogen

content of chic en manure thus protecting the health of people and the community in contact

with the manure every day.

Statement of the Problem

The study is mainly focused on the use of mixed coconut water and lactobacilli shirota

strain as chic en drin to reduce the foul odor from ammonia emission and nitrogen content of

the chic en manure.

The study specifically sought to answer the following questions$

%. &ow can coconut water and lactobacilli help in reducing foul odor from ammonia

emission in the chic en manure'

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(. )ill the mixed coconut water and lactobacilli help in lowering the p& level of the

chic en manure'*. +ompare the chic en manure of experimental and controlled set ups of chic ens in

their nitrogen content.

Hypothe !

&A There is significant difference between experimental chic en manure and

controlled chic en manure in terms of its foul odor from ammonia emission and

nitrogen content. &- There is no significant difference between experimental chic en manure

and controlled chic en manure in terms of its foul odor from ammonia emission

and nitrogen content.

S!gn!f!cance of the Study

/odern broiler and layer farm development has resulted in the production and

accumulation of enormous amounts of poultry manure "litter and feces#. 0isposal of this manure

is of significant environmental concern. 1nvironmental pollution caused by nitrogen occurs in

two ways, as ammonia in the air or as nitrate in soil or ground water. This ammonia release

contributes to odor, area wide acid rain and nitrogen enrichment of the ground water. Ammonia

emission in the air and nitrate contamination of groundwater is generated from decomposition of

nitrogenous compounds in poultry manure, principally uric acid and undigested protein.

)ith the utilization of this chic en drin , the coco lacto drin , chic en manure will be

free from foul odor, ammonia in the atmosphere will be lessened, so as the nitrogen content of

chic en manure, thus, preventing environmental pollution.

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R#$I#% O& R#"'T#D "IT#R'TUR#

Prob!ot!c

According to 8an 9. :ol "(77;#, in his study on Probiotics as functional food in the treatment

of diarrhea, oint 9A-?)&- 1xpert +onsultation on 1valuation of &ealth and

2utritional :roperties of :robiotics in 9ood @ncluding :owder /il with 3ive 3actic Acid Bacteria

"(77%#,


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bacteria which are proven to reach the intestines alive.=

"actobac!llu ca e! Sh!rota tra!n

Based on the 8a ult +ompany :rofile ":harmaceutical 0ivison#,


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Coconut Water written by 3ita 3ee, :h. 0.,= The coconut water is a refreshing drin with an

electrolyzed "ionic mineral# content similar to human plasma. @t is a popular natural sports drin for

oral rehydration and has a unique nutritional profile which provides many healing nutritional

properties which are discussed in this article.=


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+ardio protective$ helps regular blood pressure "due to high potassium#K improves circulation

Jeduces swelling in hands and feet

:revents abnormal blood clotting

Aids in idney function including those with idney stonesK 2utritional support for those

with urinary tract?bladder problems

&elps balance blood sugar in diabetics

@mproves digestion

Jeported by some people to reverse cataracts

+ontains nutrients that feed friendly gut bacteria

&elps relieve constipation or diarrhea

:ossesses anti aging properties

2utritional support for healthy s in$ restores strength and elasticity to s inK reduces age

spotsK reduces wrin les and sagging

Jegulates the functioning of the intestine which promotes smoother, more hydrated s in

1nhances healing of wounds and lesions

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+ontains potent antioxidants

2utritionally supports immune function

:rovides nutrients important in preventing osteoporosis

Problem ' oc!ated (!th 'n!mal )anure

The problems associated with animal manures were stated on the research paper entitled

Effects of anure !mendments on Environmental and Production prepared by :. A. /oore, >r.,

University of Ar ansas, et. al.. The authors stated that,


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"47 C7L# of phosphorus in runoff from pastures fertilized with manure is in the soluble form,

which is the form most readily available for algal upta e. @n fact, research has shown that the

dominant variable affecting : runoff is the soluble phosphorus concentration in the manure

@n addition to the above problems, tens of millions of people are reported to have cases of

microbial food borne illness each year. -ne source of food borne illness is meat contaminated

with pathogens, such as almonella, +ampylobacter and 3isteria. These organisms are often

present in manure of poultry and livestoc . Although food borne illnesses pose the greatest ris s

to humans from pathogens derived from animal manures, water quality can also be affected.

#ffect of )anure 'mendment

The research study of :. A. /oore and et. al. on animal manure, also determine several

different types of manure amendments that have been used to control ammonia emissions,

including clays, organic carbon amendments, microbial inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, acids and

acid salts. ince manure p& is the variable that has the largest effect on volatilization, the most

common amendments used for ammonia control are acids. )ea acids, such as propionic and

lactic acid, have been shown to reduce p& and lower ammonia emissions. 3i ewise, strong acids,

such as sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acid have been shown to be very effective in controlling

ammonia loss from manure. The problems with these acids are difficulty in handling

"particularly strong acids# and increased phosphorus runoff for phosphoric acid. The most

common manure amendments in the poultry industry are dry acids, such as aluminum sulfate,

ferrous sulfate and sodium bisulfate. &owever, ferrous sulfate is no longer used, since it has

caused toxicity catastrophic mortality in commercial broiler houses. -ne of the most effective

"and cost effective# manure amendments for ammonia control is aluminum sulfate "Al(" -I#*

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%I&(-#, commonly referred to as alum. Alum additions to poultry litter have been shown to

reduce ammonia emissions by CCL in lab studies, resulting in much higher total nitrogen in

alum treated litter than normal litter. This increased nitrogen content in litter has been shown to

result in significantly higher yields by crops. tudies conducted in commercial broiler houses

with alum show that the addition of this compound to manure reduces the p& significantly for

the first four wee s, resulting in a reduction in ammonia emissions by H5L. This reduction in

atmospheric ammonia has been shown to result in improved weight gains, better feed conversion

and lower propane use.

They stated that there is little research that has been conducted with manure amendmentswith the purpose of reducing nitrate leaching. The only method reported in the literature was to

slow the conversion of ammonia to nitrate through the addition of nitrification inhibitors, such as

nitrapyrin M( chloro ;"trichlormethyl# pyridineN, to manure to slow the nitrification process.

Another problem with adding basic compounds to manure would be the increase in ammonia

emissions that would be caused by increasing p&.

And lastly the authors cited many manure amendments, such as acids, affect survival and

reproduction of many different types of microorganisms, including pathogens. The effects of

alum and sodium bisulfate amendments to broiler litter on +ampylobacter and almonella

colonization frequencies and populations have indicated that high rates of alum were %77L

effective in controlling +ampylobacter colonization on chic ens. Although alum was not as

effective at controlling almonellaK alum treatments were significantly better than sodium

bisulfate for almonella control at all times

#*aluat!on of the n!trogen content !n poultry manure

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:. A. /oore also stated that, ungbluth et al. "(77%# reported that there is a third

nitrogenous compound "2,-# that is harmful to the environment although data about 2,-

emissions from animal houses are lac ing because of the difficulties in measuring very low

2,- concentrations. The concentrations of 2 "protein and non protein nitrogen 2:2#, calcium

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"+a# and phosphorus ":# in poultry wastes are higher than in the wastes of other species, so the

value of poultry wastes as a source of these nutrients provides more incentive for the

utilization of this resource for plants and animals "9ontenot et al., %C4*#. Uric acid is the ma!ority

of the 2:2 and is converted to ammonia, which is assimilated, by both plants and ruminants.

0ifferences in feed, feed conversion by different species of animals, age of the animals, type of

bedding material and water inta e all affect the total nitrogen "T2# contents and 2 forms in

animal manure "/A99, %CCI#. /anure types or manure from the same species of animals on

different diets have not clearly been distinguished. And since excessive application of poultry

manures into some cropping systems has resulted in ammonia emissions and nitratecontamination of ground water, better characterization of the forms and amounts of 2 in animal

manure and a means of predicting organic 2 mineralisation is needed. /ineralisation from

organic forms to mineral forms of 2 is a prerequisite for plant upta e=.

N!trogen ource

According to :. A. /oore >r. of University of Ar ansas in his study,


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sufficient levels of essential amino acids in their diet for protein synthesis to occur at an optimal

rate=.

@t was stated also in the paper that the use of crystalline lysine and methionine in

poultry diets has been a common practice for many years. )hile many of the other essential

amino acids have been available, their cost has restricted their use in practical diets. This,

however, is changing as a result of biotechnology, new fermentation technologies and other new

technological advances. The price of these amino acids has decreased in recent years and they

are now being used to a limited extent in poultry diets. @n one study, when dietary crude protein

was lowered from %H to %*L for (I wee old laying hens, faecal 2 excretion was reduced as

much as *IL without affecting egg production " ummers, %CC*#. everal researchers "/oran, >r.

and Bushong, %CC(K /oran, >r., %CCI# have shown that reducing the dietary protein content to %7

and %5L, while maintaining the required essential amino acid levels within each age period for

broilers, will reduce litter 2 content "percent dry matter# approximately (IL without impairing

weight gain. &owever, for various reasons "e.g., costs, time for research and development#

implementation is limited or impossible in a short time. /oreover, 2 excretion cannot be totally

prevented by those methods.

The proce of N lo

Based on the researchers of the study,


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how the manure has been stored or treated, up to 57 to C7L of the total 2 found in the manure

applied to cropland may be in the form of ammonia "/iner et al., (777# Application of manure to

cropland or to the soil results in a change from an anaerobic to an aerobic environment.

Ammonia, present partially in the form of ammonium, is temporarily immobilized in the soil

by the attraction to the negatively charged soil particles. Aerobic bacteria then initiate the

process of conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate. )hen water moves downward

through the soil, nitrate is carried with the water and concentrates in groundwater. Ammonia

emission in the air and nitrate contamination of groundwater are generated from decomposition

of nitrogenous compounds in poultry manure, principally uric acid and undigested protein. Thedecomposition of uric acid is described and was simplified by ogels and an der 0rift "%CH;#,

that undigested proteins change to ammonia as well as other chemicals. This decomposition

process requires the presence of water and oxygen, while ammonia and carbon dioxide are

products of the degradation process. /icroorganisms commonly found in manure produce the

enzymes uricase and urease, which are specific to this reaction. Uric acid may also be degraded

by anaerobic microorganisms along other pathways, but these anaerobic pathways are much

slower than aerobic pathways. Temperature, p& and moisture content influences the degradation

of uric acid and proteins. The last steps of the degradation of uric acid depend on urease activity,

p& and temperature. 0ry and liquid poultry manures have been shown to have degradation rates

of 4 and I7L per day, respectively "Burnett and 0ondero, %C;C#, while a rate of (7L per day

has been reported for litter under optimal conditions "*56+ p& C# "1lliot and +ollins, %C4(#.

0ecomposition of organic nitrogenous materials, or degradation, is inetically very slow by non

biological means and therefore microorganisms are required to mediate this reaction. At

temperatures above *76+, this process is nown as composting and it requires aerobic conditions

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"de Bertolde et al., %C4*K /iller, %C4C#. )hen sufficient water and oxygen are available in dry

poultry manure, composting will ta e place. Jelatively large amounts of organic material can be

lost due to the degradation process and volatilisation of water vapour and carbon dioxide. )hen

oxygen is absent, degradation is called rotting or fermentation "Sroot Poer amp et al., %CC7#.

)hen anaerobic conditions are present such as in wet slurry, many gaseous compounds may be

released. ome examples of these gases include ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen

sulphide and volatile fatty acids. 2 was mainly bound in organic forms in aerobic manure while

about two thirds of the 2 in anaerobic manure was in the ammonium form "Pirchmann and

)itter, %C4C#. :ainter "%CHH# gave a review of microbial transformations of inorganic 2. Threemain processes were indicated in this review. %# The fixation of dinitrogen resulting in ammonia

production "aerobic or anaerobic#, (# Ammonia can be converted to nitrite and subsequently

nitrate through nitrification "autotrophic or heterotrophic#. Autotrophic nitrification is thought

to be more important, but oxygen must be available. This lowers the ammonia concentration. *#

/icroorganisms can utilize nitrate for their 2 source "assimilation synthesis of 2#, or for their

oxygen "dissimilation#. Ammonia is generally preferred to nitrate for assimilation, since nitrate

must first be reduced to ammonia for this process. @n dissimilation, the end products can be

nitrite, nitric acid, nitrous oxide or dinitrogen. )hen the last three products are formed, the

process is called denitrification. The conditions must be anaerobic or nearly so, for dissimilation.

There still needs to be more research into this mechanism of 2 loss and the potential

environmental impact of 2 from poultry manure. /anure odours are never pure samples of one

odorant, but certain a mixture of many different odorants. 1ven though individual odorants may

be below the detection level, they may be smelled. -dorant volatility may be used to divide

compounds in the same chemical family into three odour notes "&amilton and Arogo, %CCC#. The

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odour chord may be divided into the highly volatile compounds of the top notes "e.g., hydrogen

sulphide and ammonia#, the persistent compounds of the base notes Me.g., organic acids, phenolic

compounds, indole and s atole, organic sulphides "5 carbons# and dust borne odorantsN and the

compound with medium volatility of the middle notes Me.g. aldehydes, alcohol, etones, amines,

mercaptans and organic sulphides "( to I carbons#N. Ammonia and hydrogen sulphide have

been the two constituents most commonly measured odours, and volatile fatty acid

concentrations also have been used as a surrogate "/iner et al., (777#. /ost researchers seem to

agree that none of the volatile fatty acids is a ma!or constituent of odour from poultry facilities,

but the removal or reduction in ammonia and hydrogen sulphide concentrations has frequently

been proven as a useful measure of odour reduction.=

&actor that affect the content of N !n poultry manure

The factors that affect the content of nitrogen in poultry manure were also stated,


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ma!or role in determining the rate of ammonia formation "Siddens and Jao, %CH5#. ince

the behaviour of most volatile compounds depends upon p&, the loss of ammonia and volatile

fatty acids from cattle and poultry manure was studied as a function of p& "0eri x et al., %CCI#.

Their results indicated that above p& 4 all ammonia was volatilised and below p& 5 all volatile

fatty acids evaporated. They said that total fixation of ammonia was achieved below p& I and

the amount of acid or al ali needed to obtain the desired p& varied strongly between the

various inds of manure. @t was shown that by reducing slurry p&, ammonia volatilisation can be

prevented and ammonia loss can be reduced by the addition of aluminium chloride, ferric

chloride, aluminium sulphate, calcium chloride and other chemicals to the slurry. &owever, due

to the common duct for urine and feces elimination in poultry, 2 contents of poultry manure are

generally higher than those for other livestoc manure. And the 2 content in poultry manure

decreases with time after the manure is excreted, which influences the manure application rate

recommended. The p& of the litter and uric acid degradation are important properties that will

affect the 2&, production and volatilisation processes, litter p& rises with litter use. The p& of

the litter depends strongly on the age and number of birds grown on it. Typically, new sawdust

and wood shavings have p& values in the 5 to ;.5 range "Turnbull and noeyenbos, %CH*#. The

hydrolysis reactions result in elevated p& levels that facilitate 2&, volatilisation "Jeynolds and

)olf, %C4H#. The 2 in poultry manure can be conserved by either inhibiting the hydrolysis of

uric acid to 2&, or by reducing 2&, volatilization=.

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)#THODO"O+,

'- )ater!al and #.u!pment/aterials li e one liter of coconut !uice "5 pieces of coconut#, 47 ml. of

lactobacilli drin "one bottle of the commercialized probiotic drin , 8a ult# and %*.4

grams of sugar were prepared for the experiment. A casserole where the coconut water

would be placed and heated, a clean cloth to cover the heated coconut !uice, containers

for the mixed solution, disposable gloves, thermometer and syringe were also needed by

the researchers. Twenty bounty bred chic ens were bought by the researchers at a store

for the first experimentation and %77 chic ens were used from poultry for the second

experimentation.

B- +eneral procedure

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Using a casserole, one liter of coconut water and %*.4 grams of sugar were heated

up to 556+ until steam was visibly rising, then was placed on a sterilized container then

47 m3 lactobacilli drin were mixed for about ( to * minutes. The coco lacto drin was

then cooled and ept in a cool and dry place with temperature not exceeding (7 7+

,refrigerated it, to maintain the shelf life of the drin .9or the first experimentation, done at the researchers home, the coco lacto drin

was given to the experimental chic ens labeled Treatment A and distilled water was given

to chic ens on Treatment B as the controlled. 1ach chic en on Treatment A was given 5

m3 of coco lacto drin forcibly, three times a day until they were adapted to the taste of

the drin . +hic ens from Treatment B were given 5 m3 of distilled water, three times a

day. The experimentation lasted for I5 days until harvest days came.The researchers performed the second experiment at a poultry site, same

procedure were done, but this time, to %77 chic ens, fifty chic ens for treatment A and

another fifty chic ens for the treatment B. The experimentation last for *4 days until the

harvest day.The chic en manure were then collected and tested for their acidity. Two grams of

chic en manure was tested for its acidity using the p& meter every day. ensory

evaluations were done to test the foul odor of the chic en manure from Treatment A and

B. The chic en manure was tested for its nitrogen content at the 0- T 3aboratory.

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CONC#PTU'" P'R'DI+)

20

+ather!ng of the mater!al

Heat!ng of the collectedcoconut (ater (!th ugar

)!/!ng of the heated coconut(ater and lactobac!ll!

Cool!ng and tor!ng of thecoco0lacto dr!nk

Intake of the coco0lactodr!nk to the ch!cken

Collect!on of theCh!cken )anure

Te t!ng'c!d!ty Te t pH

le*el(Ammonia)

N!trogen Content of the manure

Compar!ng and analy1!ngthe re ult of the te t


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R#SU"TS 'ND DISCUSSION

The researchers used %3 of coconut water, %*.4 grams of sugar, and 47 m3 of lactobacilli

as the formulation of the coco lacto drin . The coco lacto drin was given to the chic ens on the

experimental set up and distilled water to chic ens on the controlled set up, so as to compare

results on the effectivity of reducing ammonia "foul odor# and nitrogen content of chic en

manure

Table belo( ho( the compar! on2

ensory evaluation was conducted by researchers to evaluate the effectivity of the coco

lacto drin to the reduction of the foul odor from ammonia emission to the chic en manure. Ten

respondents evaluated the chic en manure. Using t test, the researchers found out that there was

a significant difference on the reduction of ammonia emission "foul odor# on the chic en manure

between controlled and experimental set up.

Table 3- ensory 1valuation on the -dor "Ammonia 1mission#

Ch!cken )anure Odor of the ChickenManure- Ammonia

Emission (Average)

Interpretat!on

+ontrolled %.I 0isli e very much" ery undesirable odor#

1xperimental I.5 3i e very much"no odor at all#

Descriptive Equivalent of Average Weighted oints4.50-5.00- like very much (no odor at all)

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3.50-4.49- like moderately (very li!ht "oul odor)2.50-3.49- neither like nor di like ( li!htly "oul odor)1.50-2.49- di like moderately (unde ira#le odor)1.00-1.49- di like very much (very unde ira#le odor)

Table 4- Analysis of ariance to test the hypothesis

"+ontrolled +hic en/anure#

X 1

"1xperimental+hic en /anure#

X 2

%(

%(

% I % %;

% 5 % (5

( I I %;

% 5 % (5

( * I C

% I % %;

% 5 % (5

( 5 I (5

( 5 I (5

% 5 % %;

%T-TA3 Q %I X 2T-TA3 Q I5 %

( Q (( ( ( Q %C4

n 1 $ 10 n 2 $ 10 %1 $ 1.4 % 2 $ 4.4

t computed value %%.(7 O t tabular value (.%7% Q re!ect &o

ince the t computed value of %%.(7 which is greater than t tabular value of (.%7%

at 7.75 level of significance %4 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is re!ected, in

favor of the research hypothesis.

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This means that there is significant difference between controlled and

experimental chic en manure in terms of its foul odor from ammonia emission of the

chic en manure.

Table 5- +omparison of the p& 3evel of +ontrolled and 1xperimental +hic en /anure

1very day, chic en manure was tested for its p& level. The following are the average p&level of the chic en manure every after 5 days.

&' evel o" the ontrolled p& 3evel of the 1xperimentalhicken *anure hicken *anure

" %# %(

" ( # (

(

4.I7 H7.5; H.H4 ;7.5*4.(4 ;4.5; H.%* 57.4I4.;5 HI.4( ;.;C II.H;4.HC HH.(; ;.47 I;.(I4.5% H(.I( ;.H( I5.%;4.5C H*.HC H.%H 5%.I%4.*5 ;C.H( ;.57 I(.(54.H* H;.(% ;.;( I*.4(4.4% HH.;( ;.HH I5.4*4.;C H5.5( ;.H; I5.H7

V % Q 45.4 V %( Q H*;.I4 V ( Q ;4.CI V ( ( Q IH;.5I n%Q %7 n( Q %7 %Q 4.54 ( Q ;.4CI

t computed value %(.H% O t tabular value (.%7% Q re!ect &o

ince the t computed value of %(.H% which is greater than t tabular value of (.%7%

at 7.75 level of significance %4 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is re!ected, in

favor of the research hypothesis.

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This means that there is significant difference between controlled and

experimental chic en manure in terms of its acidity thus lowering ammonia emission of

the chic en manure.

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Table 62 Compar! on on the N!trogen Content bet(een Controlled and #/per!mental

Ch!cken )anure Ba ed on DOST Chem!cal 'naly !

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Ch!cken )anure Crude Prote!n N!trogen0Content

Controlled 7-74 8 3-97 8

#/per!mental :-:3 8 9-;; 8

The table ho( that the e/per!mental ch!cken manure ha lo(er n!trogen0content

compared to the controlled ch!cken manure- Th! pro*e that the coco0lacto ! an effect!*e

dr!nk that le en the n!trogen on the ch!cken manure-

CONC"USIONS

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Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made by the

researchers$

%. After the sensory evaluation and t test, the researchers found that there is

significant difference between the experimental and the controlled chic en

manure in terms of the reduction of foul odor from ammonia emission on the

manure.(. After the acidity test and t test, the researchers found that the acid level of the

experimental chic en manure was lower than the controlled manure thus

proving that the coco lacto drin lowers the acidity of the chic en manure that

resulted to lower ammonia emission.*. Based on the 0- T chemical analysis on the nitrogen content of the

experimental and controlled chic en manure, the researchers found that coco

lacto drin for chic en can be an effective way to reduce the nitrogen content

of the chic en manure, thus can lower the ammonia emission on air and the

nitrate content which is one of the pollutants of the soil.

R#CO))#ND'TIONS

Based on the findings of the study, these were the following recommendations given by the

researchers$%. The process of preparing the coco lacto drin is very simple but further research on

other ratios and proportions and its effects to the nitrogen content are suggested.(. ince the researchers observed the effectivity of the coco lacto drin lasted only for ;

months and two trials only, it is suggested that continuous observation on the shelf

life and effectivity of the coco lacto drin should be observed.

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To /r. W /rs. /alcolm elasquez, owner of 8eye :oultry, who allowed them to go to

the poultry and let them do the research in their poultryK

To /r. :ablito :ontella, a careta er for assisting them in the poultryK

To 0r. >ano >ay Badana, a veterinary doctor who supervised them in doing the

experimentationK

To /s. 0iana +ecilia X. 1strella and /s. +atalina 0. +ruz, of the 0- T Jegion *, for

the suggestions and assisting them in the manures chemical analyses.

To their parents who were very supportive in their researchK

To their classmates who gave them moral support and financial assistanceKAnd most especially to Sod, who gave them the wisdom in order for them to accomplish

the research.

The Re earcher

BIB"IO+R'PH,

P" !" oore, #r", $niversit% of !r&ansas , 1ffects of manure amendments on environmental and production problems, Jetrieved >anuary (7, (7%(,from h ttp$??www.cals.ncsu.edu?wasteFmgt?natlcenter?whitepapersummaries?effects.pdf

Fife, '" ()*++, e-tember ./" +oconut +ures$ :reventing and Treating +ommon &ealth :roblems with+oconut. Files , Jetrieved 9ebruary %C, (7%(, from http$??www.piccadillyboo s.com?coconutcures.htm

29
http://www.piccadillybooks.com/coconut-%09cures.htmhttp://www.piccadillybooks.com/coconut-%09cures.htmhttp://www.piccadillybooks.com/coconut-%09cures.htmhttp://www.piccadillybooks.com/coconut-%09cures.htm


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0ee, 0", Ph" 1 , +oconut water article Jetrieved >anuary (7, (7%( from

http$??www.litalee.com?shopexd.asp'idQ*44

8an 9, :ol 0B "2ovember (77;#. E:robiotics as functional food in the treatment of diarrheaE.Jeport of a >oint 9A-?)&- 1xpert +onsultation on 1valuation of &ealth and 2utritional:roperties of :robiotics in 9ood @ncluding :owder /il with 3ive 3actic Acid Bacteria"-ctober (77%# Jetrieved 9ebruary %C, (7%( fromhttp$??en.wi ipedia.org?wi i?:robioticGciteFnote 9A-.(9)&- 7

8ault +ompany :rofile$ :harmaceutical 0ivision Jetrieved 9ebruary %C, (7%( fromhttp$??en.wi ipedia.org?wi i?8a ult Jetrieved 9ebruary %C , (7%(

http$??en.wi ipedia.org?wi i?3acticFacid Jetrieved 9ebruary %C , (7%(

- Brien, Tania.


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:reparation of the +oco lacto drin

:reparation and storage of the coco lacto drin

-ral inta e of the coco lacto drin

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1valuation of the odor of the experimental and the controlled chic en manure

Acidity test of the chic en manure

The ch!cken !n the !ndu tr!al ett!ng

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4- like moderately (very li!ht "oul odor )

3- neither like nor di like ( li!htly "oul odor)

2-di like moderately (unde ira#le odor)

1- di like very much (very unde ira#le odor)

Descriptive Equivalent of Average Weighted oints

4.50-5.00- like very much (no odor at all)

3.50-4.49- like moderately (very li!ht "oul odor)

2.50-3.49- neither like nor di like ( li!htly "oul odor)

1.50-2.49- di like moderately (unde ira#le odor)

1.00-1.49- di like very much (very unde ira#le odor)

&ensor' Evaluation est Assign the Appropriate &ensor' Evaluation

Chicken Manure &cores

E*perimental

Controlled

i!nature o" the ;e &ondent=

34


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'PP#NDI= C

Sen ory #*aluat!on of the Ten #*aluator

umerical corin! Auide in >dor e t (ammonia content)

5- like very much (no odor at all)

4- like moderately (very li!ht "oul odor )

3- neither like nor di like ( li!htly "oul odor)

2-di like moderately (unde ira#le odor)

1- di like very much (very unde ira#le odor)

Descriptive Equivalent of Average Weighted oints

4.50-5.00- like very much (no odor at all)

3.50-4.49- like moderately (very li!ht "oul odor)

2.50-3.49- neither like nor di like ( li!htly "oul odor)

1.50-2.49- di like moderately (unde ira#le odor)

1.00-1.49- di like very much (very unde ira#le odor)

2umber of Jespondentscores

"+ontrolled +hic en /anure#cores

"1xperimental +hic en/anure#

% % I

( % 5

* ( I

I % 5

5 ( *; % I

H % 5

4 ( 5

C ( 5

%7 % 5

35


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'*erage> 3-6 '*erage > 6-:

Computat!on of t0te t

Table of the t test for the experimental and the controlled chic en manure to prove the difference between the manure in terms of their odor.

"+ontrolled +hic en/anure#

X 1

"1xperimental+hic en /anure#

X 2

%(

((

% I % %;

% 5 % (5

( I I %;

% 5 % (5

( * I C

% I % %;

% 5 % (5

( 5 I (5

( 5 I (5% 5 % %;

%T-TA3 Q %I X 2T-TA3 Q I5 %

( Q (( ( ( Q %C4

%Q V %( " %#( ( Q V ( ( " ( #(

n% n ( Q (( "%I# ( Q %C4 "I5# (

%7 %7 Q (( %C.; Q %C4 (7(.5 Q (.I

Q I.5t > % (

( SS 1 +SS 2n 1 +n 1 2 )( 1n 1 + 1n 2 ) Q %.I I.5

36

t Q

+ .1

3

(0.378 ) (0.2 )

$ B3.1


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( 2.4 +4.510 +10 2 )( 110 + 110 ) Q *.%

(6.9

18 )(0.1 +0.1 )

9or every day, chic en manure was tested for its p& level. The following are the average p&level of the chic en manure every after H days.

p& 3evel of the+ontrolled chic en

/anure " %#

%(

p& 3evel of the1xperimental +hic en

/anure " ( #

((

4.I7 H7.5; H.H4 ;7.5*

4.(4 ;4.5; H.%* 57.4I4.;5 HI.4( ;.;C II.H;

4.HC HH.(; ;.47 I;.(I

4.5% H(.I( ;.H( I5.%;

4.5C H*.HC H.%H 5%.I%

4.*5 ;C.H( ;.57 I(.(5

4.H* H;.(% ;.;( I*.4(

4.4% HH.;( ;.HH I5.4*

4.;C H5.5( ;.H; I5.H7V % Q 45.4 V %( Q H*;.I4 V ( Q ;4.CI V ( ( Q IH;.5I

n%Q %7 n( Q %7 %Q 4.54 ( Q ;.4CI

%Q V %( "V %#( n%

Q H*;.I4 "45.4# (

%7

Q H*;.I4 H*;.%;I

Q 7.*(

( Q V ( ( "V (# (

37

t computed value O t tabular value

Q re!ect &o %%.(7 O (.%7% Q re!ect &o


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2 (

Q IH;.5I ";4.CI# (

%7

Q IH;.5I IH5.(H

Q %.(H

t > % (

Q 4.54 ;.4C

" 0.32 + 1.27

18 #" 1

10 R1

10 #Q %.;C

" 1.59

18 #" 0.2 #

Q1.69

0.1329

Q %(.H%

Th! mean that there ! !gn!f!cant d!fference !n the ac!d!ty le*el bet(een

e/per!mental and controlled ch!cken manure that affect the ammon!a em! !on !n the

atmo phere-

t computed value O t tabular value

Q re!ect &o %(.H% O (.%7% Q re!ect &o

1 B1

%R (n% R n% (

coco lacto drink national

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