code calculations,construction drawings

and elevation/section graphics…

RENDERED ELEVATIONS AND BUILDING SECTIONS

CODE CALCULATIONS

cap energy usagevary by statevary by project type

Energy Consumption

– Lighting consumes ~23% of the electricity used in all buildings

– ~20% of electricity required for air-conditioning results from heat generated by lamps

– ~ ½ electricity used in commercial buildings is for lighting systems

– ~10% of electricity consumed in residences is used for lighting

life cycle consumption standards

• ASHRAE, LEED, etc.• Cradle to cradle, energy star, etc.• hazardous material disposal• planning: HVAC and daylighting

integration

Light Pollution and Trespass

• Light pollution: – Excessive glow of light in night sky– excess lighting; sources aimed in inappropriate

directions– dark sky society

• Light trespass:– Glare onto an adjacent property

THE MASSACHUSETTS ENERGY CODE

Lighting Power Density (LPD) Maximum Power Usage

• Code specifies numeric maximum• By Occupancy type• Watts/sq. ft.• Use formula from Code• Use Room finish schedule• Add up totals from RCP, total watts per

luminaire• Adjust fixture total or lamping

appropriately if you’re over

From CMR 780

calculations using schedule

CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

lighting equipment schedule

most typical fields:

• Letter• Symbol (from RCP)• Type (mounting + lamp +

distribution)• Lamp (col’s for number and wattage)• Manufacturer• Catalog number• Finish• Mounting• Notes

DETAIL DRAWINGS

draw dimensional relationshipsdraw mounting systemnote materials (construction and finish)note lampingnote mounting

Stretched ceiling

Special conditions

Special conditions

Special conditions

ACT meeting GWB wall

ACT hung off structure

DIMMING/SWITCHING PLANS

indicate location of controls and groupings of fixtures onto circuits

Switching:Considerations

• Consider location and appearance of controls• Consider fixture grouping• Consider operation

– Switched, dimmed, remote controls, PDA controls– Pre-set scenes at control– Pre-set scenes at central dimming station, computer interface, or

telephone activation• Consider operators

SYSTEMS COORDINATION

structural system limitationHVAC system implications

Steel yourselves

Concrete systems

Most restrictive

Heating and A/C symbols

Air systems: how they work

Mechanical Plans from the Engineer

You need the duct sizing and register locations

Diffusers

Supply air diffusers

Linear diffusers and return grilles

average dimensions

7’5’ maximum from side walls15’ OC maximum

Sprinkler spacing Rule of Thumb

Alarms: NFPA 72 indicates where needed

Other rules of thumb

Wireless

• Wireless repeaters – Every 150’ within direct line of sight– 50’ through interior partitions– Not at all through masonry/exterior walls– Library stacks are worst

A/V equipment

• TV’s, projectors, etc• Sight lines are critical (for viewer and

projector)• Speakers: – Coverage varies greatly by system– One in a room– Wall or ceiling mtd– Stereos, CD’s, etc: within the room

Smoke and/or fire detectors

• One in every enclosed space• One every 50’• Heat and/or optical sensitivity• Hard-wired• Fire detectors required in some specific

occupancies (hazardous)

Exit signage and lighting

• Wall or ceiling mtd; can be lit internally• At every exit door• Every 100’• Battery-powered lights• Strobe lights with audible alarms in bathrooms

and egress corridors

Smoke detectors

• Hard wired• At least 1 in all occupied spaces• Every 30’/900sf• Inside ductwork

Manual fire alarms

• Within 5’ of all exits• Specific height• Must not project into space more than 4”

Visible/audible alarm signals

• Within 5’ of all exits• Along path of travel

Fire extinguishers

• Within 30’ of cooking equipment• Buildings under construction• Open flames• Labs, computer rooms, generator

rooms

so for this project…

• generate the schedule–manufacturer’s data for decorative only– all lighting equipment included– include exit signs (find a product)

• use schedule to calculate LPD• switching plan with Key– lighting and switches– exit signage and any other equipment– HVAC