Codes, Computers & Instant Communication

Amazing possibilities in science, engineering, and technology

Developed for CWSE-ON © Melanie Veltman 2011

Science, Engineering and Technology revolutionize the world we live in

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What do scientists, engineers, and technologists do?

Build

DesignTest

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Image courtesy Bethany Deyell

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Scientists, Engineers, and Technologists

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Many of us use computer science, engineering, and technology

every day

Every day things?

Codes, Computers & Instant Communication

Number Systems are Codes

Decimal System

Base 1010 choices: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

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Representing a Number with

Base 10 – The Decimal Systemtens of

thousandsthousands hundreds tens ones25 7 0 8

Remember- this number is a sum:5 ten thousands + 2 thousands + 7 hundreds + 0 tens + 8 ones

(5 x 10 000) + (2 x 1000) + (7 x 100) + (0 x 10) + (8 x 1) = 52 708

Two Choice Number System

What if we only had two choices? OFF or ON

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sixteens eights fours twos ones

11 0011 0011 0011 0011 00

01 1 1 0

This number is a sum:

(1 sixteen + 0 eights +1 four + 1 two + 0 ones)

16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22

sixteens eights fours twos ones

Base 2 – the Binary System

sixteens eights fours twos ones

11 0011 0011 0011 0011 00

01 1 1 0

This number is a sum:

(1 sixteen + 0 eights +1 four + 1 two + 0 ones)

16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22

sixteens eights fours twos ones

Base 2 – the Binary System

What about Text?

01101000 01101001 01101000 01101001 00100000 01101101 00100000 01101101 01100101 01101100 01100101 01101100 01100001 01101110 01100001 01101110 01101001 01100101 01101001 01100101 0010000100100001

hi melanie!hi melanie!00 11 11 00 00 00 00 11

= a

Standard based on Standard based on 88 bits bits (a byte)(a byte)

Allows Allows 256256 unique codes, unique codes,

from from 0 - 2550 - 255

ASCII Code for Text

ASCII Code for Text

Representing Pictures in Binary

PicPicture ture ElElementsementsareare

PIXELS PIXELS

9x9pixels

How could we code this in binary?

111100111

110001110

101000100

000000000

100000110

110000111

111110011

111111011

111110011

So many pixels!

Standard Photo:1600 x 1200

=1 920 000 pixels!

MEGA Pixels!We need to store

image information in a more efficient code

1200

1600

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1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

E

A B C D E F G

D

A A

F

1 0 E 0 E

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

E 0 F 1 0

D 0 F 1 1

A D G

A A G

Ziv Lempel coding

D

Binary code:

81 bits

Ziv-Lempel code:

45 bits

Close to 50%savings!

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R

01110000000000001110 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R

Chunk Size:4

• Write the most efficient CODE • Rows OR columns• Any chunk size• EFFICIENCY = fewest number of characters

A B C D E F G H J

Row 1: 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0Row 2: 1 A E A 1 0Row 3: Row 4:…

A E A1 1 0

How do they work?

Might Science, Engineering, or Might Science, Engineering, or Technology be for you?Technology be for you?

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SCIENCEIf you don’t make mistakes, you’re doing it

wrong.

If you … are creativeIf you … are creative

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… … like problem solvinglike problem solving

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… … care about the future of our planetcare about the future of our planet

Image Source: http://www.newlaunches.com/entry_images/0907/05/klm.php

Admission RequirementsAdmission Requirements

College (Technology)College (Technology) Applied OR AcademicApplied OR Academic Level Science & MathLevel Science & Math

University (Science, Engineering)University (Science, Engineering) Academic Level Academic Level Science, Math, EnglishScience, Math, English

NUMERACY is as important as NUMERACY is as important as LITERACY!LITERACY!

Greater effort = greater results!Greater effort = greater results!

Thank you!

What will you do with your future?