Gary McIntosh and Alan McMahan are my friends and coworkers in thework of the Lord. I greatly admire the work that they have done on thisbook. Churches in a multi-ethnic community must be multi-ethnic in theirministry. However, not all churches aremulti-ethnic, especially those churchesthat are in a community that represent one socioeconomic class or ethnicgroup. Therefore, no church should ever be intentionally segregated andremain a New Testament church. This book will help you understand andplan how to fulfill the Great Commission in your community.

—Elmer L. Towns, cofounder, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia

McIntosh andMcMahan do an outstanding job of highlighting the challengesand opportunities of being the church in today’s changing cultural mix. Theirinsights based on solid research and personal experiences provide amarvelousfoundation on which to build effective ministry. If you are looking for a workthat will provide a common-sense approach to ministry in our multi-ethnicworld, this book needs to be part of your resource tool kit.

—Phil Stevenson, director of Church Multiplication & Leadership Development,Pacific-Southwest District, The Wesleyan Church

This volume should be required reading for every pastor in the United States!The authors have done a massive amount of research into the demographicchanges that have taken place in this nation in the last ten years, changes thataffect every church. Their evaluation of how various churches are dealingor not dealing with the situation is worth the price of the book itself. Thecomparisons to the NewTestament church and their insights from that studyreveal a solid biblical basis for all their recommendations. In our ever-changingsociety, I am proud to highly recommend this very helpful volume.

—L. David Beckman, president emeritus, Colorado Christian University

Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community is an excellent primer forthe serious church leader seeking to be well-informed on the importantissues related to multi-ethnic ministry. I especially appreciate the balanceddiscussion McIntosh and McMahon present on the Homogeneous UnitPrinciple. Those who have struggled with the imposed guilt of leading amono-ethnic church will find their words liberating. The value of this bookwill rise with time as rising trends in immigration and the migration to citiescreates new opportunities for the church to share its transformative message.

—Jeff Mansell, district superintendent, Greater Ohio District, The Wesleyan Church

Gary and Alan’s latest book is insightful for understanding the diversity ofthe NorthAmerican population and the complexity of the church’s ministryin our multi-ethnic world. This resource helps judicatory leaders and pastorsunderstand the basics of multi-ethnic ministry and possible strategies thatcan be used to reach as many people for Christ as possible. This is a mustread for leaders who are interested in God’s kingdom expanding.

—Doug Talley, executive state pastor, Indiana Ministries, Church of God

In the late sixties, missions was “over there.” That is no longer true. Godhas brought missions to America! If you are truly interested in ministeringto the multi-ethnic, multicultural reality of twenty-first-century America,then this book is a must read. Study it. Understand it. Practice the principlesoutlined in the text. You and those to whom you minister will be forevergrateful!

—Gordon E. Penfold, multi-ethnic pastor and director ofFresh Start Ministries, Holyoke, Colorado

I’m an immigrant to the US since 1973. I’m wondering, “Where was thisbook then?” Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community is timely,because trans-ethnic fusion continues to grow with a never-ending tide.While businesses and corporations have led the way in mutual under-standing and respect, the church is waking up to an old-new reality beststated by Gary McIntosh andAlan McMahan in the first chapter, aptly titled“Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here!” This book is a must read.

—Samuel R. Chand, author of Cracking Your Church’s Culture Code

In a burst of enthusiasm, I jotted two references in the margins within thefirst five pages: Revelation 7:9 and Ephesians 2:14–18. Both passagesreflected for me the great ideal—one new humanity by grace through thecross. McIntosh and McMahan reshaped my too-easy idealism and movedme to a more robust grasp of the challenge the great ideal poses in real life.Happily, this book gives readers a language for understanding the complex-ity of the challenges; it also provides a framework within which to embracethe opportunities posed by the diverse ethnic richness that increasinglysurrounds us.

—Carl C. Green, pastor, educator, organizational development consultant

Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community provides a solid strategy forconcrete actions designed to reach people with the gospel. I am especiallyimpressed with the step-by-step instructions for a transitional church. Theauthors provide a compelling argument for reaching urban centers whereethnic groups are most likely located. They provide a realistic strategy oftransitioning existing churches as one tool among many to be used to reachthe new ethnic presence in many urban communities.

—Franklin R. Dumond, coauthor of Legacy Churches; director of congregationalministries, General Association of General Baptists

Written by two seasoned intercultural specialists, this work provides creativeand practical multi-ethnic models for reaching our world. Along withinsights on current demographic research, the book’s questions at the endof each chapter will stimulate church leaders to navigate the complexitiesof multi-ethnic ministries, creating a unique map for your specific churchin fulfilling God’s mission of calling all people to himself.

—Miles (Skip) Lewis, director of MA in ministry programs,Lancaster Bible College Graduate School

Gary L. McIntosh

Alan McMahan

BEING THECHURCH INAMULTI-ETHNIC COMMUNITY

Why It Matters and How It Works

Indianapolis, Indiana

Copyright © 2012 by Gary L. McIntosh and Alan McMahanPublished by Wesleyan Publishing HouseIndianapolis, Indiana 46250Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 978-0-89827-490-5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McIntosh, Gary, 1947-Being the church in a multi-ethnic community : why it matters and how it works / Gary L.McIntosh, Alan McMahan.

p. cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. ).ISBN 978-0-89827-490-51. Multiculturalism--Religious aspects--Christianity. 2. Multiculturalism--United States. 3.Church. 4. Church and minorities--United States. 5. Church work with minorities--UnitedStates. 6. Ethnicity--Religious aspects--Christianity. 7. Ethnicity--United States. I. McMahan,Alan. II. Title.BV639.M56M43 2012277.3'083089--dc23

2012001257

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the New AmericanStandard Bible®, Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission.

Scripture quotations marked (NIV) are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONALVERSION®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 International Bible Society. Used by permissionof Zondervan. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations marked (NIV 2011) are taken from THE HOLYBIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONALVERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.TM Used by permission.All rights reserved worldwide.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy,recording or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.

ToTerri, Billy, and Jonathan who, each in their ownway, have been supportive

through many hours of labor and provided much inspiration for the journey.

—Alan McMahan

To the hundreds of students who have attended my classes at Talbot School

of Theology over the last quarter century. Thanks for teaching me so much

about multi-ethnic ministry.

—Gary L. McIntosh

Acknowledgements 11

1. Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here! 13

2. Defining the Multi-Ethnic Church 23

3. The Multi-Ethnic Church in Scripture 39

4. Our Mobile World 57

5. Immigrants and Churches in the USA 69

6. Patterns of Multi-Ethnic Churches 85

7. Mono-Ethnic Churches 103

8. Immigrant Churches 123

9. Urban Churches 139

10. Reconciliation Churches 153

11. Transitional Churches 163

12. Learning from the Multi-Ethnic Church 177

Notes 195

Recommended Reading 207

About the Authors and Services Available 213

Index 217

CONTENTS

We wish to acknowledge the enormous insights provided by those

scholars and practitioners who are on the leading edge of multi-ethnic

church innovation. Much thanks goes to Jay Pankratz and Art Lucero of

Sunrise Church in Rialto, California, who freely gave of their time and

resources to let us observe a successful multi-ethnic church that is actively

reaching its community. In similar fashion, Ken Korver and Larry Dove at

Emmanuel Reformed Church in Paramount, California, inspired us with the

tangible expression of the effort required to move beyond an exclusive

mono-ethnic congregation to one that is inclusive of the diversity at their

doorstep. Appreciation is also offered to First Baptist Church of Flushing,

Queens, which, under the leadership of pastor Henry Kwan, skillfully blends

congregations from at least three continents to give us a foreshadowing of

what it will be like to have the nations assembled around the throne to worship

the Lamb. Special thanks goes also to James Cho, who served as a sounding

board regarding the intricate dynamics found among multi-generational

immigrant believers who are struggling to find identity and belonging in an

adopted land. From these and many other insightful men and women from

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

many different churches, we have been able to assemble some of the

insights gathered into these pages.

Thanks to our acquisitions editor, Kevin Scott, and his team atWesleyan

Publishing House, for their excellent work on this book. They were more

than patient with us as we worked through the editorial process. This fin-

ished book is a result of numerous persons working behind the scenes to

provide the best possible book for our readers.

12 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

Have you taken the Walmart test? If not, it might be time to do so. One

day this week, drive to the Walmarts within a twenty-mile radius of your

church and see who is shopping there. What you find may surprise you.

The United States is dramatically more diverse than it was ten years ago, a

fact often unnoticed by church leaders and worshipers.

While most of us have carried on with work, family, and various other

activities during the last decade, the US has changed. Reports from the

recent census show that the United States is “more diverse from the bottom

up.”1 Growth in ethnic populations is observable in nearly every state from

Minnesota to California, from Idaho to Texas, and from Florida to Montana.

For example, ten years ago 12 percent of Minnesota’s population was made

up of minorities; it has risen to 17 percent today. According to Minnesota

State demographer Tom Gillaspy, “80 percent of the state’s population

growth since 2000 is attributable to minorities.”2 The black population grew

59 percent, Hispanics are up 75 percent, and Asians increased 51 percent

during the last decade in Minnesota. In NewMexico, for the first time ever,

the number of Hispanics surpassed whites. Non-Hispanic whites represent

If Walmart is diverse, then your church can be diverse.—Rev. David Anderson

1PAYATTENTION!

THE IMMIGRANTSAREHERE!

40.5 percent of New Mexico’s population today, with 46.3 percent being

Hispanic, according to recent census data.3 Those are but two examples;

similar findings are shocking researchers and observers throughout the US

as more statistics from the census are reported.

Changes in the patterns of ethnicity are part of a larger growth trend that

sees the western United States surpassing the Midwest in population. “Will

it play in Peoria?” was a common refrain in the 1960s that referenced that

area of the country as the mainstream US population. For marketers and

politicians, if something was accepted by the midwesterners, they knew it

would also be accepted by the mainstream population elsewhere. The Mid-

west has been the cultural heartland of the United States since the 1850s

(before then it was in West Virginia). Over the last decade, the center of

US population has shifted from around Peoria, Illinois, to somewhere in

Texas County, Missouri. Peoria, Arizona (a suburb of Phoenix) is now

larger than Peoria, Illinois. “Will it play in Peoria?” now makes more sense

with reference to Arizona than Illinois.

Where is the fastest growth occurring in the United States? It is in the

mountain states of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah,

Nevada, and New Mexico. Such population growth is primarily driven by

the arrival of Latino immigrants who desire what every ethnic population

has ever desired—jobs, affordable housing, safety, and opportunity.

AN OLD TRENDThe imminent wave of new immigrants coming to America was her-

alded by TIME magazine the week of July 8, 1985, in its cover story,“Immigrants: The Changing Face of America.” At the time, the special

issue was the largest in TIME’s history with over eighty editorial pages.Information was gathered from TIME’s ten bureaus, dozens of editors, andscores of writers and correspondents throughout the United States. It was

only the fourth time in the history of the magazine that an issue was

devoted to one subject. The subject matter covered everything: “educa-

tion, culture, food, business, religion, indeed every aspect of our lives.”4

14 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

Stories of people from India, Romania, Kampuchea, Afghanistan, Philip-

pines, Ethiopia, Laos, Soviet Union, Ghana, Ireland, Cuba, and South

Korea were chronicled.

As the 1985 issue of TIME focused on the delights and opportunitiescreated by new immigrants, the challenge of ethnic and cultural change led

TIME to publish another special issue just eight years later in the fall of1993. The magazine bore the lead title “The New Face of America: How

Immigrants Are Shaping theWorld’s First Multicultural Society.” To illus-

trate the new face of America, particularly the impact of intermarriage,

TIME’s managing editor commissioned the composition of a computerimage by morphing together the photographs of seven men and seven

women of different ethnic backgrounds.After sixty-five hours of computer

work using a complicated formula, the picture of a woman was created that

was reportedly 15 percentAnglo-Saxon, 17.5 percent Middle Eastern, 17.5

percent African, 7.5 percent Asian, 35 percent Southern European, and 7.5

percent Hispanic. The picture was used on the magazine’s cover.5

However, uniting ethnic peoples into a unified whole proved to be eas-

ier on a computer than in real life. In the 1993 issue, TIME’s published arti-cles focused on the public’s growing resistance to immigration (“Not Quite

So Welcome Anymore”), the rise of illegal aliens (“The Shadow of the

Law”), the impact of immigrants on the arts (“The Art of Diversity”), the

challenge of legal justice in a multi-ethnic society (“Whose Peers?”), and

the growing conflict of different religions (“One Nation Under Gods”).

Without doubt, the face of the United States has changed and is contin-

uing to change. The new ethnic marketplace is forcing government, busi-

ness, and churches to rethink how to speak the language and adopt the

culture of the new multi-ethnic and multicultural reality.

CHURCHES BEGIN TO RESPONDWhile TIMEwas busy documenting the joys and juggernauts of the new

ethnic reality in the larger US culture, observers of the church world also

alerted church leaders to the new challenges that were coming.

Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here! 15

Christianity Today’s lead article for July 19, 1985, read “The OverseasChallenge Comes Home: Where are the missionaries to meet the arriving

millions?” The article noted that, while there had been different waves of

immigration into the United States since the 1800s, the floodgates of new

immigrants were opened wide in the 1980s. Mission was coming home to

America, but church leaders and people were not ready to receive them or

reach them with the gospel. Some leaders, like the late Ralph Winter, saw

the future opportunity for mission. He commented, “In the next five years,

we are going to witness this century’s greatest single mutation in the struc-

ture of missions. As a result, missions will no longer be viewed as some-

thing we simply do overseas, but something we do within groups of

unreached peoples, whether those groups are located in Singapore or Los

Angeles.”6 Unfortunately, even though mission leaders like Winter called

for churches in the United States to respond, most refused to see the oppor-

tunities for mission that the new immigrants brought with them.

Some churches, however, did take notice and began to shift ministry budg-

ets, personnel, and priorities to reach the new ethnic peoples. Just one year

following the article inChristianity Today,MissionsUSA, a publication of theHome Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, published “The

AmericanMosaic: Our Nation of Immigrants.” The article reported that each

Sunday, Southern Baptists worshiped in eighty-seven languages and dialects.

At the time, Southern Baptists reportedly were the most integrated denomi-

nation in America with some forty-six hundred congregations representing

eighty-four of the nation’s five hundred ethnic groups and ninety-seven of the

495NativeAmerican tribes. Since 1974 an average of three new ethnic groups

had become part of the Southern Baptist Convention.7

A GROWING INTERESTIf only a few churches and denominations grasped the enormous realities

and consequences of the new immigrants coming to the United States in the

1980s, today it appears many have a growing concern. Interest in starting

new churches to reach different ethnic groups is seen from all corners,

16 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

including TheWesleyan Church, Church of GodAnderson, Baptist General

Conference, the Evangelical Free Church, the Foursquare Church, the

Assemblies of God, and Southern Baptists. Church planting is viewed as

the main and best way to win new peoples to Christ. But another major

emphasis is gaining interest: planting multi-ethnic churches.

Since the 1960s, when people pointed out that Sunday morning was the

most segregated hour in the United States, church leaders have longed for

the day when those of different ethnic backgrounds would worship together

in local congregations. That dream is finally being realized from coast to

coast. Today, multi-ethnic churches are readily found in New York City,

Chicago, and LosAngeles, as well as in Little Rock, Portland, and Phoenix.

A decade ago, Grace Chapel in Lexington, Massachusetts (a suburb of

Boston) was nearly 100 percent white. Today, it is estimated that 25 percent

of worshipers are minorities, with three groups—Koreans, Haitians, and

Chinese—being the main ones. The church has even called a pastor of

multicultural ministries to help steer the church’s outreach toward ethnic

peoples in the larger community. Grace Chapel is just one example among

numerous large churches that are seeking to become more ethnically

diverse.

Smaller churches are also interested in becoming a church representa-

tive of all nations. Open Table Community Church in Chamblee, Georgia,

is one example. Five years ago, the church’s worship attendees were

99 percent white. After the pastor caught a new vision for a multi-ethnic

church, the church relocated three times to get closer to immigrant and

refugee communities in order to reach them for Christ, as well as to learn

from them. Today the church’s main board is 50 percent nonwhite, and

30 percent of the congregation is made up of diverse ethnic peoples.

Similar churches are springing up all over the United States, from Compton,

California, to Dayton, Ohio, and from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Seattle,

Washington.

But while the dream of multi-ethnic churches is slowly becoming a real-

ity in the US, there are a growing array of models and little understanding

of the characteristics, patterns, and problems of such churches among

Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here! 17

church leaders. Anyone who has tried to start a multi-ethnic church or turn

an older church into a multi-ethnic community of faith realizes there are

enormous challenges, misunderstandings, and difficulties to overcome in

the process to become increasingly diverse.

WHY THIS BOOK?While NorthAmerican church leaders know a great deal about planting

and growing mono-ethnic churches, most struggle with reaching new ethnic

groups and establishing multi-ethnic churches. Thus, we have written Beingthe Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community: Why It Matters and How It Worksto serve as an introductory guide, a basic primer to provide an overview of

the issues, challenges, and essential principles to develop multi-ethnic

churches in the United States.

A small sampling of the questions you will find answered in this book

include . . .

• What is a multi-ethnic church?• Can a multi-ethnic church truly be multicultural?• Why are multi-ethnic churches important in the United States?• What is fueling the interest in multi-ethnic churches today?• How is the Homogeneous Unit Principle to be understood in a multi-ethnic context?

• What are the major multi-ethnic models being used in the UnitedStates?

• What are the common denominators, patterns, or practices being usedamong multi-ethnic churches?

• What are the major barriers or challenges in designing multi-ethnicchurches?

• Must all churches be multi-ethnic?• What are the best options and approaches to use in starting multi-ethnicchurches in the United States?

18 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

Most books available today address the multi-ethnic church from narrow

perspectives. Some tell the story of only one church, others focus on specific

ethnic groups, and still others stress one model or viewpoint of multi-ethnic

ministry.While such books provide important information, Being the Churchin a Multi-Ethnic Community seeks to cover the basic missiological issuesinvolved.We definemissiology simply as “the study of how peoples come toGod in history.”8 By peoples wemean the various individuals, families, clans,

tribes, and ethnic groups in the world, or what the Bible calls “the nations” (taethne of Matt. 28:19–20). By “come to God in history”, we mean an analysisand synthesis of the theological, sociological, anthropological, historical, and

practical processes that God uses to bring all peoples to himself. Hence, this

book is not just an analysis of individual parts of multi-ethnic ministry but an

exploration of the dynamic synthesis of all the parts. Ministry always takes

place in context, and this book attempts to alert the reader to many of the

ingredients that form the North American context for multi-ethnic ministry.

Each chapter analyzes a specific aspect of missiology, while synthesis comes

together gradually throughout the book.

Missiology in North America is dynamic, not static. It responds to new

challenges, fresh contexts, and emerging models. No living person can ade-

quately engage the complex, interacting pulses that make up missiology in

NorthAmerica, let alone the world. However, we hope to introduce you, the

reader, to the interplay of missiological theory, field research, and biblical

mission. Part of the challenge is separating the eternal from the changing,

while allowing for both to exist in dynamic tension. We serve an eternal

God and communicate an eternal gospel. But we serve and communicate

such to real people in time and culture. It is our desire that Being the Churchin a Multi-Ethnic Communitywill aid you to be faithful in winning all peo-ples to personal faith in Jesus Christ, and to bring them into Christ’s church

where they can serve him as their Lord and Savior. “That is [the] goal, that

the Great Commission of Jesus to His Church may continue in our day and

generation, and the Gospel may be heard, the lives of people transformed,

and they may be incorporated into His Church, and have fellowship with

Him and with each other.”9

Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here! 19

An important aspect of this book is that both of us are missiologists,

having experience both in the United States and in other countries. Together

we bring over sixty years of ministry experience—cross-cultural and mono-

cultural—to the discussion of this important aspect of ministry.

Alan has served as a vice president for the Alliance Theological Semi-

nary in Nyack, NewYork, and as the academic dean at The King’s College

in midtown Manhattan. He currently is associate professor of intercultural

studies at Biola University. A former missionary in Indonesia, Alan has

worked with churches in North America and on the Pacific Rim and has

taught in the areas of missiology, church growth, leadership, organizational

development, and evangelism. He is active in training undergraduate and

graduate students including mid-career professionals, schoolteachers, pas-

tors, and denominational leaders throughout the United States, Canada, and

much of SoutheastAsia in the effective means to develop leaders and grow

churches. He holds a PhD from Fuller Theological Seminary and a ThM

from Asbury Theological Seminary in missiology, as well as an MDiv in

missions from Alliance Theological Seminary. He is listed in Who’s WhoAmong America’s Teachers and has received the LeadershipAward and theDonald McGavran Church Growth Award from Fuller Theological Semi-

nary. He is general editor of the Great Commission Research Journal.Gary is a nationally and internationally known author, speaker, con-

sultant, and professor of Christian ministry and leadership at Talbot School

of Theology, also of Biola University. He has written extensively in the

field of pastoral ministry, leadership, generational studies, and church

growth. He received his BA from Colorado Christian University in bibli-

cal studies, an MDiv from Western Seminary in pastoral studies, a DMin

from Fuller Theological Seminary in church growth studies, and a PhD in

intercultural studies also from Fuller Theological Seminary. Gary has

served over twelve hundred churches in more than eighty denominations

throughout the United States and Canada, and he edits the popular GrowthPoints newsletter.

20 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

GETTING STARTEDIf this is the first time you have considered the multi-ethnic church

challenge, it is best to start with chapter 2 and read through all chapters as

written. Attacking the issue with this approach provides a step-by-step,

logical progression to the issues. On the other hand, if you have read other

books or are familiar with the challenges of designing a multi-ethnic

church, read over the table of contents and start with the chapter that

attracts your attention and interest. While each chapter builds on the one

before, each is generally written so that it can stand alone. You will find

that some information is repeated throughout this book. We intentionally

did this so that those readers who do not read the chapters in order will still

have important information.

You will notice right away that we seek to stay in the middle of the road.

We are not unabashed multi-ethnic church proponents, but we do believe

churches must move toward greater inclusiveness and cultural sensitivity

in our day. But we also believe that mono-ethnic churches are biblical and

needed too. From our perspective, it will take all kinds of churches—

mono-ethnic and multi-ethnic—to reach all the nations for Christ.

Demographers predict the population of the United States will top four

hundred million by the middle of the twenty-first century.10 Most of these

people will live in urban centers of the United States, which will place at

least 90 percent or more of Americans in close proximity with people of

other ethnicities and cultures. In fact, this is already happening. For example,

in a suburb of Seattle, Washington, a study of the people occupying ten

randomly selected homes found the following different families: one

family each from India, Singapore, Mexico, Samoa, Ethiopia, Russia,

and—from the United States—two Caucasians, one NativeAmerican, and

one African-American. All of these families lived on the same block! In

such situations, which are going to be more prominent in the future, multi-

ethnic churches are likely to be present. Now is the time to prepare for

future realities. Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community will helpyou get ready.

Pay Attention! The Immigrants Are Here! 21

PUTTING INSIGHTS TO WORK1. Do you see ethnic changes in your community? If so, describe what

you see. Are new businesses being established? Are new languages being

used? Describe as specifically as possible what you observe.

2. In what ways is ethnic change impacting your church and its min-

istry? Describe the impact on outreach, welcoming of newcomers, growth

and decline in attendance, experience in worship, and other areas.

3. How is your church responding to the ethnic changes in your area? In

what ways is your ministry adapting or changing? What must change in

the future?

22 Being the Church in a Multi-Ethnic Community

Chapter 11. Judy Keen, “More Diverse from the Bottom Up,”USA Today, March

17, 2011.

2. Ibid.

3. Melanie Eversley, “In a First, Hispanics Outnumber Whites,” USAToday, March 17, 2011.4. JohnA. Meyer, “ALetter from the Publisher,” TIME, July 8, 1985, 3.5. James R. Gaines, “From the Managing Editor,” TIME, Fall 1993, 2.6. RalphWinter, “Reaching the ‘Moving Target,’” Christianity Today,

July 12, 1985, 18.

7. “Growth of a Nation,” MissionsUSA, January/February 1986, 61.8. This definition of missiology is adapted from Alan Tippett,

Introduction to Missiology (Pasadena, Calif.: William Carey Library,

1987), xiii.

9. Ibid., xix.

10. Joel Kotin, “Ready Set Grow,” Smithsonian, July/August 2010, 61.

NOTES