cognitive therapy in groups

Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, Second Edition.By Michael Free. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cognitive Therapy in Groups

Session 2

Thinking and Feeling


Stream of consciousness

B: Lousy Ref

Generation of Negative Emotion

Activatingevent

Biased Thinking

Black & White thinking

Referees should…If not

they are…

b C: Boo

eC: Anger

Logical Errors


Logical Errors Errors in making conclusions from

sensory input. Not errors in perception. AKA ‘cognitive distortions’. Misinterpretation or non-objective

interpretation.


Kinds of Logical Errors More Dire Than Justified MDTJ Unjustified Negative Prediction UNP Over Generalization OG Black & White Thinking B&WT Invalid Allocation Of Responsibility IAOR Mind Reading MR Biased Weighting BW Ignoring Facts IF False Absolute FA Must Or Should MOS Emotional Reasoning ER



B: Lousy Ref


Activatingevent

Biased Thinking

Black & W thinking


they are…

b C: Boo

eC: Anger

Automatic Thought

Logical Errors


Automatic Thoughts (1)

Are transient phenomena (like a spoken sentence).

Occur in the stream of consciousness.

They are short and specific. They occur extremely rapidly,

immediately after the event.



They do not occur in sentences, but may consist of a few key words or images.

They do not arise from careful thought. They do not occur in a logical series of

steps such as in problem solving. They seem to happen just by reflex.



B: Lousy Ref


Activatingevent

Biased Thinking

Black & W thinking


they are…

b C: Boo

eC: Anger

SCHEMACONTENT

Automatic Thought

Logical Errors


Schema Definition Schemas are permanent entities stored some

where in your brain. They contain ‘Schema Content’ – long term

reference material about things in the world in the form of:

Formal propositions. Memories. Associated emotions. Action tendencies.


A Schema is like a box that contains the results of previous experiences as interpreted by the person

•Propositional contentPropositional content•MemoriesMemories

•Associated emotionsAssociated emotions•Action tendenciesAction tendencies

The content of the schema can be positive or negative or a mixture.


Common Schema Topics/Content of Fundamental Schemas The value of ourself The nature of our life/the world The state of our social life The integrity/safety of ourselves The value of others Content can be

Present or Future Conditional


The Negative Thinking Sequence

Stream of consciousness (Includes awareness of sensation)

Activatingevent

Logical Processes

Schema

Automatic Thoughts

behavioural Consequence

(strategies)

emotionalConsequence


Activating event Belief or thoughtemotional

Consequence

He’s useless Anger

Referee awards penalty

Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (1)




Consequence

My career is over, this is

the end

DepressionBike

smash



Consequence

I’m useless Depression

Boss yells




Consequence

How dare he!

AngryBoss yells




Consequence

I’ll probably

embarrass myself

AnxietyGoing to a

party



Techniques for Capturing Automatic Thoughts

Replay the event in your mind. Relax, allow your mind to wander and just

notice what thoughts (including images) come into your mind.

Imagine you are re-experiencing the event. Recreate the conditions of the event.




Activatingevent

Biased Thinking

Black & W thinking


they are…

Logical Errors

b C: BooBehavioural consequence

SCHEMA content

B: Lousy Ref

Automatic Thought

eC: Anger

Emotional Consequence



Are transient phenomena (like a spoken sentence).

Occur in the stream of consciousness.

They are short and specific. They occur extremely rapidly,

immediately after the event.



They do not occur in sentences, but may consist of a few key words or images.

They do not arise from careful thought. They do not occur in a logical series of

steps such as in problem solving. They seem to happen just by reflex.


The Main Elements in Cognitive Theory

Negative Automatic Thoughts Negative Schemas/Negative Schema Content Process of Logical Errors/Cognitive

Distortions Content negative with respect to

Self World Future


Individual Work from Session 2 Do approximately one ABC per day using an

‘Identifying Beliefs’ Worksheet, or the 3-Column approach


Consequence


Identifying Beliefs ABC WorksheetIdentifying Beliefs ABC Worksheet

Activating event Automatic Thought-

Belief

emotional

Consequence

behavioural

Consequence

Logical Error

Catastrophisation Selective Abstraction Personalisation Arbitrary Thinking More dire than justified MDTJ Overgeneralisation OG Invalid allocation of responsibility IAOR Must or Should MOS Unjustified Negative Prediction UNP Black & White Thinking B&WT Mindreading MR Emotional Reasoning ER False Absolute FA Biased Weighting BW Denial D

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cognitive therapy in groups

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