coinsurance. cost sharing policies service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features,...

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Page 1: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Coinsurance

Page 2: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Cost Sharing Policies

• Service benefit policies use three cost-sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate, cost caps and the stop loss amount

Page 3: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Deductible

• The deductible is the amount that an individual must pay before the insurance company pays anything.

• The deductible is usually set annually; the typical deductible in 1991 was about $200 for an individual and $500 for a family.

• Consumers pay the full price for care consumed under the deductible.

Page 4: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Coinsurance rate

• The coinsurance rate is the percentage of the total bill above the deductible that a patient pays.

• Nearly all indemnity plans had a coinsurance rate of 20 percent.

Page 5: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Stop loss

• The coinsurance is paid until the patient reaches the stop loss - the maximum out-of-pocket payment by the person in a year.

• A typical stop loss in an indemnity policy was about $1,000 to $1,500 in a year.

Page 6: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Caps

• In addition to these features, many policies impose further cost sharing through caps on various types of expenditures.

• For example, policies may permit 8 mental health visits per year, or have a $1 million lifetime limit on overall medical expenditures.

• Such provisions discourage use

Page 7: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Cumulative Individual Payments

Total Payment

Patients Cost

Stop-loss

Deductible Medical Expenditure

Individual Payment

Insurer Payment

Insurer Payment

Coinsurance

Page 8: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Risk-sharing features of indemnity insurance policies, 1991

Characteristic Average/percent

DeductibleIndividual 205$

Family 475$

Coinsurance rate

<20 percent 13%

20 percent 78%

>20 percent 4%

Stop loss

<500$ 21%

500$ - 1000$ 30%

1000$ - 2000$ 32%

>2000$ 17%

Maximum lifetime benefit - individual

<250,000$ 9%

250,000$ - 1,000,000$ 6%

>1,000,000$ 85%

Page 9: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Optimal insurance given moral hazard

Author Optimal policy

Feldstein and Friedman (1977) 58 percent coinsurance rate

Buchanan, Keeler et al. (1991) 200$ deductible;25 percent coinsurance rate

Newhouse et al. (1993) 200$ to $300 deductible;25 percent coinsurance rate;

1,000$ stop loss (assumed)

Manning and Marquis (1996) 25 percent coinsurance rate;>25,000$ stop loss

Blomqvist (1997) Cost sharing declines from 27%at roughly $1,000 of spending to 5%above roughly $30,000

Page 10: Coinsurance. Cost Sharing Policies Service benefit policies use three cost- sharing features, sometimes in concert: the deductible, the coinsurance rate,

Thank You !Any Question ?