Cold WarA conflict that is not “hot” (no actual

war)Just doing things to hurt your enemy

without actually going to warThe Reason –

M utuallyA ssuredD estruction

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

Defense Secretary Robert McNamara came up with this policy

The idea was to build up your nuclear arsenal to make the counter-strike so frightening that neither side would use their weapons

The belief was that if no one – Soviet or American – could survive a nuclear war, then there would not be one

Has NOTHING to do with snow or cold temperatures

A 46 year (1945-1991) competition between the United States and the Soviet Union

Each side was trying to prove which society was the best

The Soviet Union was trying to get communism to new countries (China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)

The U.S. was trying to stop communism from spreading

There were 2 Germanys (east/west Germany – Berlin Wall)

There was an “arms race” each side was racing to make more nuclear bombs than the other side

There was a “space race” a race to see who could get into space 1st

Cuba allied with USSR and pointed missiles at the US

Each side had hundreds of spies People were kept inside

communist countries by barbed wire and machine guns (Berlin Wall)

Different Ideologies (ideas that shape and guide a group)

East (Soviet Union USSR) Socialism (government

controls all – jobs, industry, housing, education, healthcare)

No one is homeless No one is without healthcare Not a lot of things to buy Rule by 1 party (communist

party)

Government controlled media (no free speech)

Want communism to spread Citizens cannot leave

(barbed wire) Godless- atheism

West- (USA and Western Europe)

Capitalism (profit $$$ goes to the people) – more stores and stuff to buy but there are winners and losers (rich and poor)

Democracy – Rule by the people

Free speech, free press Free travel outside the

country Trying to stop the

spread of communism In God we trust

What would Lenin say about capitalism?

What would a millionaire say about Socialism?

Trying to gain Countries (Allies) for World War III

America: stopping the Spread of the Red

Atheist: NO God materialist- everything is “matter” there’s no soul –no heaven-no God

“religion is the opiate of the masses”

People need to be stirred up, mad want Revolution

Religion was a “drug” that got people thinking of heaven

Most communists were atheists

Believers were heavily persecuted

Closed and destroyed churches

Thousands of priests sent to concentration camps or shot

Brainwashed kids Museums of atheism Anti- religious posters “Red” weddings/funerals

*You hate communism

*You wanted Hitler to hurt us

*You didn’t share the German rocket technology

*You give money to countries to stop communists

*You are godless atheists*Communists take away people’s land and businesses

*You don’t allow freedom

*You are trying to spread communism around the world*You force communism on countries

Why didn’t Stalin trust America or Britain?

Why didn’t the US and Britain Trust Stalin?

KGB: Russian spies and secret policeCIA: spies from the USA

Potsdam, Germany July 1945

Churchill, Truman, Stalin Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

Yalta, Russia February1945

Potsdam, Germany

Yalta, Russia

Meetings between Allied leaders at the end of WWII

Yalta - February 1945

Friendly Divide Germany into 4

parts USSR agrees to help

with Japan

Potsdam- July 1945

Not friendly Disagreements over

Germany and Eastern Europe

US has the atomic bomb and Stalin knows it

Churchill, Truman, StalinChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

Potsdam, Germany July 1945

Yalta, Russia Feb. 1945

Churchill, Truman, StalinChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

After WWII Stalin’s

armies stayed in the countries of eastern Europe and rigged elections to make sure that all of them had Communist governments

“Issues” the U.S. and USSR had with each other

1. During WWII Stalin was pissed that the US was taking so long to enter the Europe war

2. US shared nuclear secrets with Britain but not Russia

3. The United States was sneaky with the German rocket technology

4. Stalin said that he would allow free elections in eastern Europe – but didn’t

5. Communists destroy religion

6. Communists want to spread communism

7. Stalin started giving weapons and $$$ to Mao and the communists in China

6.

Closing Activity:1. What are 2 characteristics of

communism?2. What would a communist say about

capitalism? 3. What would a capitalist say about

Communism?4. Why was Stalin suspicious of

USA/Britain?5. Why is the US giving away money?6. What are 3 things that suck about living

under communism?7. Why is the US suspicious of USSR?

1.When were the 2 meetings of Yalta and Potsdam?2.Was Hitler dead for both?3. Was the Atomic bomb available for both?4. What were some things that were decided at Yalta?5. What were some changes by the time Potdsam came around? 6. What were “issues” at each?

Closing Activity: Complete these sentences

1. Yalta…2. Potsdam…3.The 3 leaders at Yalta were 4. The 3 leaders at Potsdam were…

5. Eastern European countries…6. Truman and Stalin disagreed at

Potsdam by….7.

Drama between USSR and the West after WWII

Will Stalin allow free elections in eastern Europe?

Will the US share information about the Atomic bomb?

Why all the drama? Russian troops stay

in Eastern Europe Stalin arrests

opponents of communism in E. Europe

Russians close the borders of Eastern Europe with barbed wire

The Russians form Cominform to push communism in other countries

Americans do not share Atomic bomb with Russia

Truman says that the US will get involved to stop communism (containment)

The US gives billions in aid in the Marshall Plan

The Western nations form NATO

Churchill’s reference to the “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Baltic

to Trieste in the Adriatic an

"iron curtain" has descended across the Continent.

Iron Curtain: a curtain or wall of barbed wire and guards that stop anyone in eastern Europe from leaving and going to the west

The Marshall Plan

The United States loaning millions of dollars and goods to the countries in Europe to help revive their economies

And keep their capitalistic governments stable so that they wouldn’t turn to communism

Truman Doctrine A.K.A “Containment:”

The U.S. policy of getting very involved in containing communism to the countries where it already is Giving aid in money and weapons to countries who are in danger of falling to communismGoal: DON’T LET IT SPREAD!

Even going to war Think – China, Korea,

Vietnam

Contain the “Kool AID” COMMUNISM

Also in 1949

West Berlin: the island of capitalism in the sea of

communism

Berlin Blockade of 1948 1949 US, Britain

and France joined their 3 parts together

This infuriated Stalin and he cut off all supply lines into Berlin

The Allies flew supplies into Berlin

Stalin decided not to start a war so West Berlin remained free

Berlin Blockade of 1948

Churchill’s reference to the “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Baltic

to Trieste in the Adriatic an

"iron curtain" has descended across the Continent.

Definition: a curtain or wall of barbed wire and guards that stop anyone in eastern Europe from leaving and going to the west

Berlin Wall: Constructed 1961- Torn down 1989

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A military alliance of countries in Western Europe and North America to create strength against the USSR

Formed in 1949 How it works: If one country gets

attacked all the others help

Warsaw Pact:

The USSR and Countries of Eastern Europe’s alliance against NATO

Formed in 1955

Basically Stalin’s response to NATO

United Nations UN Formed after in 1945

WWII centered in New York Mission: to keep peace

and tackle world problems

NOT repeat the mistakes of the League of Nations

General Assembly Began with 51 nations.

Now has 193 – all can vote – voice opinions

Security Council 15 countries – makes the decisions

5 Permanent members with VETO power

5 permanent members of the UN Security Council

USSR, Britain, USA, China, France

Can Veto (stop) any UN action

Nikita Krushchev

3rd dictator of USSR (after Lenin and Stalin)

Was leader for Sputnik, 1st man in space, built the Berlin Wall

Put Missiles in Cuba

Presidents during the Cold War in the 50s and 60s

Harry Truman 1947-1953

Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961

John F Kennedy 1961-1963

Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) 1963-1968 (Vietnam)

Hydrogen Bomb Are aka

thermonuclear bombs

Developed in 1953 1,000 times more

powerful than Atomic bombs

H-bombs use fusion – ramming particles together (atomic bombs use fission –splitting atoms)

Arms Race A competition or “race” to see which side (USA or USSR) could build the biggest and most

Missiles, airplanes, ships, tanks

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

Defense Secretary Robert McNamara came up with this policy

The idea was to build up your nuclear arsenal to make the counter-strike so frightening that neither side would use their weapons

The belief was that if no one – Soviet or American – could survive a nuclear war, then there would not be one

Space Race

A race between the US and USSR dealing with trying to fire rockets and objects into to space

If a rocket could leave the atmosphere it could surely travel across oceans

Sputnik The first man-made

satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union in October of 1957

Space Race

Yuri Gagarin

1st man into space 1961

Capitalism Communism (socialism)

Individuals (private citizens) own the means of production i.e. Phelps/Dodge mining company, Ford Motor Company, Nike, Coca Cola, Southwest Airlines, McDonalds, Hilton hotels, apartment complexes, thousands of acres of farmland, basically everything

Private individuals own the housing so people have to pay rent or buy

Private citizens own the hospitals or insurance companies so you have to pay for healthcare

Many schools are private - Harvard, Stanford, Duke University so students have to pay thousands in tuition

Banks loan money so you can borrow “capital” to start your own business and make millions

Winners (rich) Losers (poor) The rich influence lawmakers to

stay in power It is very hard for the workers to

go to college, borrow money so some say that the system is unfair

Government or state control the factories (government controls all trains, mining, factories, restaurants, hotels, etc.) workers work for the government

Government owns all housing so no one is homeless

Government owns all the hospitals – free healthcare

Government controls all schools – free tuition

No banks, no advertising, no commercials because no one is trying to become rich

you can’t own your own company and then create a chain of stores to become rich

No one is motivated to become rich so they don’t make thousands of stores – so there aren’t lots of things to buy

Think of the cereal aisle in an American grocery store – in a communist country Cuba) there might be only white boxes that read “Corn Flakes”

Capitalism is evil. Greed makes man exploit his fellow man

Socialism (government running things) is for the good of all – no one is homeless, unemployed or without health care

Capitalism is always about expanding and taking more – look at colonization

The USA and Britain entered into France (D-day) late because they wanted Germany to destroy Russia

The USA and its allies are giving tons of money to countries to stop countries from choosing communism on their own

The USA is barbaric look at how they used the Atomic bomb on Japan

We need to get nuclear weapons to protect ourselves from the USA

Competition between businesses is good – makes a better product

Private companies do a better job at running things than the government. Think of hospitals

Communism takes competition out and no one is competing to make better products

We in the west are afraid that the USSR will never leave Eastern Europe- you will force communist governments on them

Karl Marx envisioned a world where communism overthrew capitalism – we know that is USSR’s goal

The USSR is giving aid the communists in China –you want communism to spread to China

We need to build our military to keep communism from spreading

The Cold War Has NOTHING to do with snow or

cold temperatures!!!!!! A 46 + year (1945-1991)

competition between the United States and the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union was trying to help countries become “communist” and the U.S. was trying to stop countries from falling to communism

Each side had spies trying to get info to hurt the other

Each side was trying to prove what system was better – Communism or Capitalism

USA was helping Russia’s enemies USSR was helping USA ‘s enemies (China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)

There were 2 Germanys There was an “arms race” each

side was racing to make more nuclear bombs than the other side

There was a “space race” a race to see whose rocket technology could get more things into space and eventually the moon

“Issues” the U.S. and USSR had with each other

1. During WWII Stalin was pissed that the US was taking so long to enter the Europe war

2. Stalin had spies in New Mexico stealing Atomic secrets

3. The United States stole all the German rocket technology

4. Stalin said that he would allow free elections in eastern Europe – but didn’t

5. Stalin started giving weapons and $$$ to Mao and the communists in China

6. Soviet troops stayed in North Korea and Eastern Europe

“I do not know with what weapons World War 3 will be fought but World War 4 will be fought with sticks and stones”

Albert Einstein

Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta discussing what to do with Germany

after W.W.II

EUROPE after W.W.II: notice the NATO countries and Warsaw Pact

countries the “Iron Curtain”

Domino Theory: the belief by American military leaders that if one

country in a region fell to communism then all the countries in that region

would eventually fall to communism as well

Chinese Civil War

Mao Zedong Supported by USSR Had the support of the

peasants Went on the “long

march” and survived and thrived

Won the war and made China communist

Jiang Jieshi Supported by the US Had the support of the

business men Corruption and poor

leadership lost the war Lost the war and fled

to Taiwan

The Korean War 1950-1953

The 38th parallel At the end of World War II

Koreans in northern Korea surrendered to Soviet troops

Koreans living in the south surrendered to U.S. forces

A temporary truce divided the country at the 38th parallel

There was a communist North Korea and a

capitalistic South Korea

1949 Soviet supplies

Soon after The Soviet Union

started to supply North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money in order to take over the peninsula.

Korean War begins On June 25, 1950 North

Korea invaded South Korea

South Korea asked the UN for help

The UN discussed its options

Truman, following the “containment”, doctrine

told the world the US would defend South Korea

15 other UN nations joined the US

UN veto? South Korea asked UN to

intervene. When the vote came to the

security council, the Soviets could not veto because they were absent protesting the fact that China was still being represented by Capitalist Chiang Kai Shek and not Communist Mao Zedong

The rest of the security council (Britain, U.S., capitalist China, and France voted to send troops to help South Korea

Troops

A total of 18 nations, including United States and Britain.

They were all under the direct command of General Douglas MacArthur.

Early in the Korean War By September of 1950

the North Koreans had control of the entire peninsula.

The only part that they didn’t have control of was a small part called Pusan.

MacArthur launched a surprise attack using troops on the ground from Pusan, and a amphibious assault from Inchon.

China gets involved The UN troops

pursued the retreating North Koreans across the 38th parallel.

They had pushed them to the Yalu River, at the Chinese border.

The Chinese felt threaten by the US involvement, and the American Fleet off of their coast.

So In October of 1950, the Chinese sent 300,000 troops into North Korea.

Damn! China’s in With the Chinese

troops helping North Korea, the War Changed.

The Chinese greatly outnumber the UN forces.

By January 1951, they had push the UN completely out of North Korea.

Then they quickly moved into South Korea and captured the capital of Seoul.

Truman and MacArthur After the capture of the

Capital, MacArthur called for a nuclear attack against China.

Truman thought that this proposal by MacArthur was careless.

Truman told MacArthur that, “We are trying to prevent another World War, not start one.”

In turn General MacArthur said some negatives comments about Truman and tried to go over the president’s head and appeal to congress.

Truman addressing the nation informing them of his decision to remove or “fire” MacArthur from his role

“Cease-fire” at the 38th parallel

After two years of fighting, the UN forces regained what was South Korea,

Both sides signed an armistice or cease-fire agreement

No peace treaty was signed

It was only a cease-fire agreement

The border between the North and South Korea was still the 38th parallel.

The aftermath of the Korean War

At the hand of Communist dictator Kim II Sung, North Korea established collective farms.

Developed heavy industry

Built up a military. Kim Il Sung’s son Kim

Jong Il has been a brutal tyrant – jailing thousands, people in his country have experienced food shortages and he’s been in trouble for obtain nuclear weapons illegally

South Korea prospered, with the help of the United States and other countries.

South Korea concentrated on developing its industry.

They also concentrated on expanding their foreign trade.

Closing activity: Complete the sentence 1. The Truman Doctrine or “containment”___ 2. The Marshall Plan___________ 3. the Iron Curtain___________ 4. NATO is a _____________ 5. The UN ______________ 6. The Warsaw Pact___________ 7. The UN went to fight in South Korea

because_______ 8. The Chinese___________ 9. Douglas Mac Arthur wanted to _______ 10. President Truman _____________ 11. The 38th parallel __________

Fulgencia Batista:Cuba’s corrupt dictator and Fidel Castro and Che Guevara:

The Revolutionaries

Bay of Pigs The CIA (USA)

provided weapons, transportion for 1,400 Cuban exiles who wanted to overthrow Castro

Castro knew they were coming and had 20,000 troops and killed or captured them

Huge embarrassment for the United States

Ernesto “Che” Guevara

Closing Activity: Complete the sentence

1. before Castro’s Revolution the USA and Cuba..

2.Castro took over Cuba in the year…3. Castro was receiving ______ from USSR4. The Bay of Pigs….5. Russia gave Cuba….6. US spy planes saw______ in Cuba7. A choice president Kennedy had were…8. Another choice Kennedy had was….9.

Oct 16th JFK is informedOct 20th Kennedy decide to Blockade10/22 Kennedy tells world of the

Blockade10/23 Letter from Kruschev10/24 Soviet ships are blocked by the

blockade10/25 letter from Kruschev10/26 3rd letter from Kruschev10/27 Kennedy says ok to the deal10/28 Kruschev agrees to take

missiles out

Kennedy’s Options

Do NothingBomb with

planesFull scale

InvasionBlockade

What would be good about this?

What would be bad about this option?

Turkey

Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Democrats fared well in the Congressional elections of 1962

Kennedy pushed for a nuclear test-ban treaty (one was signed in late 1963)

Installation in August 1963 of a Moscow-Washington “hot line” for easy communication in case of crisis (teletype machine, not telephone)

Kennedy advocated to not think of the Soviet Union as a devil-ridden country

VIETNAM

In the later 1950s fighting broke out between the North and the South

The United States sent military aid to the South Vietnamese because they were afraid of the

‘Domino Theory”