COLLABORATIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES

RUFIJI-MAFIA-KILWA (RUMAKI) SEASCAPE

PROGRAMME

WWF-TANZANIA

Programme area approx. 9,000 km2 Coastal population 137,728

Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape among 6 priority seascapes for WWF programme in coastal E Africa

Beach Management Unit (BMU) establishment in all coastal villages-Fisheries Act, 2003 part 5 sect 18 (1)

Co-management in TZ is an Agreement between BMUs, District authorities & Fisheries Division

PROGRAMME GOAL:Improve socio-economic well-being of coastal communities in Rufiji, Mafia and Kilwa through sustainable, participatory and equitable use and protection of fisheries & other marine resources.

Specifically

1. Promote collaborative FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

2. RAISE AWARENESS on project objectives and fisheries management

3. Strengthen LIVELIHOODS by improving environment for small-scale enterprise

4. Protection of HABITATS & SPECIES

5. MONITORING to provide data for management

KEY PARTNERS

Coastal communities

Fisheries Division of Min. of Livestock & Fisheries

Mafia District

Rufiji District

Kilwa District

Why fisheries co-management in TZ?

Open access fisheries

Destructive fishing practices

Limited central & local govt capacity

Declining stocks esp. export fisheries

Conflict btwn trawlers & artisanal fishers

Collaborative Fisheries Management (CFM)

StrategyStrategy:: Empower coastal communities Empower coastal communities to take advantage of provisions of the to take advantage of provisions of the Fisheries Act, 2003 to decentralise Fisheries Act, 2003 to decentralise decision-making, planning and decision-making, planning and management of fisheries resources, in management of fisheries resources, in collaboration with govt.collaboration with govt.

ApproachApproach: : 1.1. Livelihood development Livelihood development 2.2. Awareness raising to Awareness raising to

communities for establish communities for establish management institutions management institutions (BMUs /CFMAs)(BMUs /CFMAs)

LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME (2006 to date)LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME (2006 to date)Village savings & loans96 microfinance groups/ 2000 membersto date 6,500 loans of total value 2.2 million US$ generated. >90% repayment

Mariculture trials: Milkfish (1,800US$), mud crabs - success (5,000 US$), pearl oysters (10,000 US$) revenue & a lot of lesson learning 43 Mariculture enterprise groups

Enterprise supportEnterprise grants (360,000 US$) and enterprise and skills training provided to 157 enterprise groups

Development of BMU guidelines Development of BMU guidelines & CFM Roadmap & CFM Roadmap

District level awareness and lobbying for action

Development of national task Development of national task force on CFMforce on CFM

Institutional dev’t at Institutional dev’t at VILLAGE LEVEL (BMU)VILLAGE LEVEL (BMU)

STEPS FOR BMU/CCC FORMATIONSTEPS FOR BMU/CCC FORMATION

Institutional dev’t at CCC/ Institutional dev’t at CCC/ WARD LEVEL – (CFMA)WARD LEVEL – (CFMA)

Institutional dev’t at village level (BMU)Institutional dev’t at village level (BMU)

District Change Agents:Role: To sensitize communities and provide technical information

Village change agents: Role: Discussion with fisher folk on registration of members for BMU formation.

STEP 1. Raise awareness on fisheries resources STEP 1. Raise awareness on fisheries resources ownership and management - ownership and management - Key Players (Change Agents)

Step 2. Formation of BMUsStep 2. Formation of BMUs

Registration & Election of office bearers

Composition of BMU office bearers

Roles of BMU:Roles of BMU:• Preparation andPreparation andImplementation of Implementation of Management plans, Bylaws Management plans, Bylaws

& workplans& workplans• Surveillance activities Surveillance activities

(laws enforcement)(laws enforcement)• Collection of revenue Collection of revenue

and fisheries dataand fisheries data• Education and Education and Information sharingInformation sharing

Step 3. Build capacity at community Step 3. Build capacity at community level (BMU & Village leaders)level (BMU & Village leaders)

7. Training in fisheries resources use planning inc. problem identification, analysis & development of 5 yr plans

1. Training Governance & leadership skills

8. Fund raising & financial management training- BMU financial sustainability strategy

2. Study visits to Tanga & Lake Victoria (10 times)

3. Fisheries policy & legislation awareness raising & Bylaws development4. Fish catch data collection training 5. Surveillance training – surveillance protocol

Step 3. Build capacity cont…………….Step 3. Build capacity cont…………….Provision of 6 Boats and other surveillance equipments to BMUs

District level capacity-building on CFM through training on: District level capacity-building on CFM through training on:

1.1. Change agent Change agent 2.2. Computer & data managementComputer & data management3. Collaborative natural resources management course3. Collaborative natural resources management course4. Exchange visits4. Exchange visits5. Attending & facilitating the village level meetings5. Attending & facilitating the village level meetings

CFMA - local management area within geographical coastal and marine area of the CFMA - local management area within geographical coastal and marine area of the territorial waters of Tanzania, designated using legislative and administrative territorial waters of Tanzania, designated using legislative and administrative processes. processes.

Fisheries Regulations, 2009 –Regulation 133 (10) provides for BMUs to associate with Fisheries Regulations, 2009 –Regulation 133 (10) provides for BMUs to associate with others to form higher level co-management structures (CFMAs) for purpose of others to form higher level co-management structures (CFMAs) for purpose of planning, management & developmentplanning, management & development

Establishing framework & guidelines for Collaborative Fisheries Management Areas Establishing framework & guidelines for Collaborative Fisheries Management Areas (CFMAs) (CFMAs)

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIAMINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK

DEVELOPMENT AND FISHERIES

PREPARED BYFISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

DIVISION AND WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE

NOVEMBER, 2010

STEP 4: Sharing of fishing grounds through shared management system – Development of CFMAs (LMMAs)

Step 6. Development Step 6. Development of co-ordination frameworkInvolves: 1. BMUs identify neighbouring BMUs with whom to form a CFMA2. Formation of CFMA Co-ordinating Committees (CCCs), 3. Harmonized CFMA management plan & bylaws4. Identification of boundaries – CFMA Maps & Agreement5. Joint implementation plans

BMU 1

BMU 4BMU 3

BMU 2CFMA & CCC

Roles of CCC:Roles of CCC:• Harmonization of CFMA & Harmonization of CFMA &

work Planswork Plans• Overseeing implementation of Overseeing implementation of

CFMA plans CFMA plans • Sharing joint implementation Sharing joint implementation

issuesissues• Ensure good governance Ensure good governance

among BMUsamong BMUs

ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level

25 BMUs established & strengthened6 CFMAs Comprising 21 BMUs with total area: 2,498 sq km (28% of RUMAKI area), 16 small no-take zones approx. 61.2 sq km (2.5% of the total CFMA area) initially 2 yr closureDev’t of 6 CFMA plans & Agreement with Director of fisheries

Mafia Island Marine Park

Achievements

ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level

1. Development of sustainable financing plans, inclusion of BMU budget in District plans (5% of fisheries budget) & increased village revenues

3. BMUs active in surveillance & catch monitoring4. Perceived increase in fish availability 5. Reduction in illegal fishing activities including

dynamite fishing & seine nets5. BMU guidelines on migrant fisher camps6. Increased frequency & reporting of dugong

sightings

Achievements

ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-To date): national & district

7. Production of Fisheries Regulations in Kiswahili (3,000 copies)

8. Documents for implementation and sharing lessons including: i) BMU guidelineii) CFMA guidelineiii)Anti-dynamite strategiesiv) Village/BMU Bylawsv) Surveillance protocol

9. Fisheries revenues in District has doubled10. BMUs are now contributing to social development 11. Replication of the project achievement in other

coastal areas

Challenges• Party political interference and negative perceptions of MPAs• on BMU establishment in Kilwa• Migrant & seine net fishers destabilize support for CFMAs• Weak participation from District authority counterparts • Limited opportunities for BMUs fundraising• No consistent national programme for CFM development

co-management model has potential in TZ, BUT ONLY IF there is adequate: • sustained community capacity-building• better integration with district authority plans• continued complementary livelihood support

Final thoughts …Historical experience in TZ has shown importance of setting no-takes zones in broader fisheries co-management framework

Initial emphasis in RUMAKI CFMAs is more likely to be on REGULATING ACCESS and DESTRUCTIVE GEARS. no-take zones may gain more support as time goes on.

Setting up MPAs / LMMAs is actually the easy part!

Making them functional / financially sustainable over 10-20 yrs is the main challenge, it takes time, funding and commitments.

Thank you!

For listening