Collaborative Ontology

Chandan Kumar Deb

M.Sc.

Roll No.: 20046

Computer Application

Contents

• Introduction

• Why collaboration ?

• Overview

• Conflicts

• Inference Engine to Detect Conflicts

• Tools for Collaborative Ontology

• Demo

• Work done

• References

INTRODUCTION

Introduction

• An ontology is an explicit specification of a

shared conceptualization

• Collaborative Ontology is -

“Two or more people interact and exchange

knowledge in order to build a common,

shared ontology in pursuit of a shared,

collective, bounded goal.”( Gruber, T)

Continued…

• First, the tools of Collaborative ontology

introduce from the CKC challenge of

WWW in the conference of Banff, Canada

in 2007.

• Goal: Find out what is the state of the art

for the tools for collaborative construction

of structured knowledge

Continued…

• In that conference the following tools used

for Collaboration ontology:

• Ontology editors

I)Collaborative Protégé

II)OntoWiki

III)Hozo

WHY COLLABORATION?

Why collaboration ?

• Limitation of stand-alone ontology

• Advantages of Collaborative Ontology

Limitation of stand-alone ontology

Ontologies are becoming so large in their

coverage

o No single person or a small group of people

can develop effectively an ontology

development

o Limitation of Domain Knowledge

Advantages of Collaborative

Ontology

Collaboration in Ontology integrated

• Ontology-editing process

• Chats

• Annotations of changes

Continued…

1. Synchronous/Asynchronous Information

Exchange

2. Concurrency Control

3. Private/Shared Workspace

4. Group Awareness

5. Version Control

6. History Tracing

Figure: Switching Over from Ontology to Collaborative Ontology

From Ontology to Collaborative Ontology

OVERVIEW

Overview of Collaborative

Ontology• It adopts B/S architecture, and uses OWL as

ontology language

• There are two parts 1) Private workspace

2) Public workspace

Continued…

• 1) Private workspace

Private Work Space

Private Work Space

CommandPackage

Pool

Collaborative ConflictChecking

Server OntologyS

Base

Conflict Handler Inconsistency Handler

Segment

Segment

NewSegment

Log

Update

ExpertOver view

Detected Detected

Fig: Overview of Collaborative Ontology Building Process

Notify

Notify

Continued…

• 2) Public workspace

Private Work Space

Private Work Space

CommandPackage

Pool

Collaborative ConflictChecking Server

OntologySBase

Conflict Handler Inconsistency Handler

Segment

Segment

NewSegment

Log

Update

ExpertOver view

Detected Detected

Fig: Overview of Collaborative Ontology Building Process

Notify

Notify

In the public workspace, there are 5

main processes:

1) a command

package pool

2)Conflicts

Handler

3)Inconsistency

Handler

4) Experts review

5) Ontology base

CommandPackage

Pool

Server OntologyS

Base

Conflict Handler

Inconsistency Handler

NewSegment

CONFLICTS OF

COLLABORATION

CONFLICT OF COLLABORATION

• A conflict happens whenever one or more

designers give incompatible solutions to the

same problem, or whenever they evaluate

negatively a proposed solution.

• Types of conflict:

I)Consistency Conflicts

II)Collaborative Conflicts

III)Anomalistic Conflicts

Continued…

Animal Plant

Tiger Rat Apple

Different

From

Figure: Initial Ontology Segment

Examples:

User1:

• DelClass(“Rat”)

• AddClass(“Mouse”)

• AddSubClass(“Plant”,’X’)

• AddSubClass(“Animal”,’X’)

Continued…

Animal Plant

Tiger Mouse Apple

Different

From

Figure: Consistency Conflict

X

Examples:

User2:

• AddClass(‘Cat’)

• AddObjProperty (‘Cat’, ‘FavoritesFood’,

‘Rat’)

• AddSubClass(‘Tiger’, ‘SouthChianTiger’)

Continued…

Animal Plant

Tiger Mouse Apple

Different

From

Figure: Collaborative Conflict

Cat

Continued…

Animal Plant

Tiger Mouse Apple

Different

From

Figure: Anomalistic Conflict

Cat

SouthChianTiger

Applying an Inference Engine to Detect

Conflicts

• If collaborative conflicts detected

launch a discussion thread.

• If Consistency OR Anomalistic Conflicts

Use the OWL reasoner:

eg: Pellet, F-OWL, FaCT++

• Expert View

Continued…

PrivateWorkShop

PrivateWorkShop

PrivateWorkShop

OWLReasoner

Publishing PublicSpace

Discussion Thread

Figure: Publication of ontologies into the public space

Expert View

TOOLS

Tools for Collaborative Ontology

• Wiki@ant

• Ontilinqua Server

• OntoEdit

• Collaborative Protege

• NeON

• Web protege

Wiki@ant

• The name ”Wiki@nt” suggests that it has a

wiki-like editing environment

Figure: Architecture of Wiki@nt

WIKIJena

ontologymodel

AgentInf

Import/Export

DB

Files

User

Agent

Continued…

Wiki

WIKIJena

ontologymodel

AgentInf

Import/Export

DB

Files

Continued…

• Markup script tags

• Translated to user friendly text

• For example, axiom SubClassOf(Dog Carnivore ) in

the Animal Ontology could be represented

by N-Triple syntax/ wiki scipt.

• wiki script is

[animal:Dog][rdfs:subClassOf][animal:Carnivore]

Continued…

Wiki Engine

WIKIJena

ontologymodel

AgentInf

Import/Export

DB

Files

Continued…

• Provides a web interface

• Translates the Wiki@nt script to HTML

• Manages the storage of wiki pages

• Provides transaction management

• Generates reference report for each wiki

pages

• Version control

Continued…

Ontology exporting/importing

WIKIJena

ontologymodel

AgentInf

Import/Export

DB

Files

Continued…

The Agent Interface

WIKIJena

ontologymodel

AgentInf

Import/Export

DB

Files

Ontilingua Server

Figure:Architecture of Ontolingua Server

It has three parts:

•Remotes

Collaborator

•Remote

Application

•Stand Alone

Application

Continued…

Figure:Architecture of Ontolingua Server

Ontolingua editor /

server

•Access

•Create

•Modify

Collaborative Protégé

• Free, open source ontology editor and

knowledge-base framework

• Support for different:

ontology languages (OWL, RDF(S), Frames)

• Back-ends: data base, XML etc.

• Java-based

Continued…

Figure:Screenshot of CP

Continued…

• Extension of existing Protégé system

• Support for:

annotating ontology components and

changes in the ontology

discussion threads

proposals and voting

• Available in multi-user and stand-alone

modes

Continued…

Collaboration Panel

Figure:Screenshot of CP

DEMONSTRATION

WORK DONE

Work done by collaborative

ontology

• WikiPedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/): WikiPedia are written in natural language editable by

participants, wiki-based

• Gene Ontology (GO)

• National Cancer Institute’s Thesaurus

(NCI Thesaurus)

• Biomedical Grid Terminology (BiomedGT)2

References

Tudorache, T., Noy,N., Vendetti,J., edmond,T.:

Collaborative Ontology Development on

Protégé,LNCS,Volume 5318,pp.17-32(2010)

Natalya Fridman Noy, Abhita Chugh, Harith

Alani: The CKC Challenge: Exploring Tools

for Collaborative Knowledge Construction.

IEEE Intelligent Systems 23(1): 64-68 (2008)

References

Sure.Y, Erdmann.M, Angele.J, Staab.S, Studer.R, and Wenke.D.

OntoEdit: Collaborative ontology development forthe semantic

web. In Proceedings of the first International Semantic Web

Conference 2002 (ISWC 2002), June 9-12 2002,

Sardinia, Italia. Springer, LNCS 2342, 2002.

Bao.J and Honavar.V. Collaborative ontology building with

wiki@nt - a multi-agent based ontology building environment.

Technical report, TR00000343, Computer Science, Iowa State

University, 2004.

• www.stanford.edu