Collections Grade 8: Ch1 Magazine SampleLearning Architecture5/8/2014FYI LINK [icon]http://hmhfyi.com/grades/grade-8/culture-and-belonging/

POEM

Immigrants by Pat Mora

Immigrants

wrap their babies in the American flag,

feed them mashed hot dogs and apple pie,

name them Bill and Daisy,

buy them blonde dolls that blink blue

eyes or a football and tiny cleats

before the baby can even walk,

speak to them in thick English,

hallo, babee, hallo,

whisper in Spanish or Polish

when the babies sleep, whisper

in a dark parent bed, that dark

parent fear, Will they like

our boy, our girl, our fine American

boy, our fine American girl?

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Graphic Travelogue

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYAny use of this material without specific permission of HMH is strictly prohibited Page 1 of 11

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYAny use of this material without specific permission of HMH is strictly prohibited Page 2 of 11

Writer:Marianne Rafter

Editor:

Date:April 2014

Module:Collections Magazine (On-level)

Unit:Grade 8

Session:Collections 1 Culture and Belonging

Learning objectives:To describe multicultural areas and experiences in California cities[Photos are suggestions only; must use HMH photos]

Numbering

This is for row numberingONSCREEN TEXT

This column is for onscreen text or what will be shown on screen. Details/Sketches

This column is for Graphic Directions - these should be clear concise but detailed enough to understand exactly what will be on screen. Simple sketches can be added for clarity.

CM8_1_01Welcome to California!

Hop aboard a magic carpet tour to the land of the grizzly bear, the grey whale, 300-foot redwood trees, the Golden Gate Bridge, Hollywood, and a diversity of cultures.Use graphic novel cells format similar to comic strip; use Halftone app?Text position: Title screen; title across the top of the state map; text in box across bottom of the screen.Art: drawing of map of CA with state flower (golden poppy), state flag, state tree (CA redwood), state bird (CA valley quail)Have a cartoon tour guide in all pics to relate to theme of the comic strip.

[HMH photo 1_wh06as_c01map006ba(F).ai]

CM8_1_02Our first stop is

San Francisco and Chinatown, the oldest and one of the largest Chinese communities in North America. Enter through Dragons Gate onto narrow streets lined with fish markets, noodle shops, jewelry stores, [Dragons Gate, shopping street, or temple in SF Chinatown]

[HMH photo 24869176.jpg]

CM8_1_03and even a fortune cookie factory, where workers bake, shape, and pack almost 10,000 cookies a day.[close up of fortune cookie machine?]

CM8_1_04In February, the Chinese New Year Parade delights visitors with dragon dancers and floats, surrounded by the tumult of firecrackers, acrobats, and traditional music as well as lots of food. Neighborhood businesses sponsor this very special holiday in the Chinese calendar. [dragon dancers]

[HMH photo - ]

CM8_1_05We dont have to go too far for the next stop Japantown. This culturally rich district is one of only three Japantowns in the United States. [cherry blossom trees and people dressed in traditional costumes]

CM8_1_06Japantown celebrates Cherry Blossom Festival in the spring when cherry blossoms open. A dazzling parade marches from San Francisco City Hall to Japantown with bands, taiko drummers, and people dressed like anim cartoon characters, in celebration of Japanese heritage. [taiko drummers?]

CM8_1_07At the festival in Japantown, visitors can try the art of paper folding, origami, watch experts create beautiful ikebana arrangements of flowers and branches, and participate in a tranquil tea ceremony that expresses friendship.[example of origami crane?, or ikebana]

CM8_1_08Your tour flies on to another major California cityLos Angeles. In the heart of the city, its birthplace, lies El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument. Near Old Plaza, a brick-walled park, the first settler families that immigrated from Mexico established the town. [HMH photo 372079.jpg]

CM8_1_09Stroll across the park to Olvera Street, a marketplace with vendors selling Mexican-style clothing, piatas, pottery, and other wares. In 1930s, when the historic buildings on the street were falling into ruin, Los Angeles citizens joined together to save them. Visit the Avila Adobe, thought to be the oldest house in the city, and Sepulveda House, built in 1887.[piata? Mexican clothing, paper cut-out flags?]

[HMH photo ep1-0103e-03.tif]

CM8_1_10You can also enjoy delicious traditional Mexican foods here. Los Angeles is known for its many fine restaurants serving the worlds best Mexican dishes - empanadas, mole poblano, tacos, and quesadillas.[HMH photo 090403.047.SP239392.tif]

CM8_1_11Our tour moves on now to Koreatown.

This area became a neighborhood in the 1970s when many South Koreans immigrated. It now has a melting pot of cultures. Walk around and you will hear Korean, Spanish, Vietnamese, and English. Such a blend of cultures means a blend of ethnic foods. You might see a Korean taco truck or a restaurant serving Korean barbequed short ribs.

CM8_1_12Our next tour stop is a bit further southLittle Saigon, one of the largest Vietnamese-American communities in the country. Vietnamese-language television and radio stations and newspapers serve the community. In Little Saigon youll find roasted duck, noodle salads and pho, a noodle soup with thin slices of beef or pork. Youll also see enormous produce markets with unusual items such as tamarind, persimmons, mangoes, and sugarcane.[HMH photo 22173822]

CM8_1_13Lotus Festival or Tet (Vietnamese Lunar New Year)

CM8_1_14Another jump on your tour takes us to the city of San Diego and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Mexican settlers established the pueblo of San Diego in this area in 1821. A blacksmith and stable, a one-room schoolhouse, and several original adobe houses are preserved here and will give you a taste of early California life..

CM8_1_15Nearby is Presidio Park, the site of an old Spanish military base, started in 1769. It was the first permanent European settlement on the North American west coast and became the home base for exploration and colonization of California. The wood buildings were replaced with adobe in 1778, but none remain.

CM8_1_16California resonates with many voices from many cultures, blending modern with traditional life and customs. The mingling of treasured heritages enriches Californias residents.

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Narrative FictionSalvador Late or Early Sandra CisnerosSalvador with eyes the color of caterpillar, Salvador of the crooked hairand crooked teeth, Salvador whose name the teacher cannot remember, is aboy who is no ones friend, runs along somewhere in that vague directionwhere homes are the color of bad weather, lives behind a raw wood doorway,shakes the sleepy brothers awake, ties their shoes, combs their hair withwater, feeds them milk and corn flakes from a tin cup in the dim dark of themorning.Salvador, late or early, sooner or later arrives with the string of youngerbrothers ready. Helps his mama, who is busy with the business of the baby. Tugsthe arms of Cecilio, Arturito, makes them hurry, because today, like yesterday,Arturito has dropped the cigar box of crayons, has let go the hundred littlefingers of red, green, yellow, blue, and nub of black sticks that tumble and spillover and beyond the asphalt puddles until the crossing-guard lady holds back theblur of traffic for Salvador to collect them again.Salvador inside that wrinkled shirt, inside the throat that must clear itself andapologize each time that it speaks, inside the forty-pound body of boy with itsgeography of scars, its history of hurt, limbs stuffed with feathers and rags, inwhat part of the eyes, in what part of the heart, in that cage of the chest wheresomething throbs with both fists and knows only what Salvador knows. Insidethat body too small to contain the hundred balloons of happiness, the singleguitar of grief, is a boy like any other disappearing out the door, beside theschoolyard gate, where he has told his brothers they must wait. Collects Cecilioand Arturito, scuttles off dodging the many schoolyard colors, the elbows andwrists criss-crossing, the several shoes running. Grows smaller and smaller to theeye, dissolves into the bright horizon, flutters in the air before disappearing like amemory of kites.

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Article: BlogJesss BlogWhat it feels like to be a Teen Immigrant.

Ill never forget being the new kid in my second grade class in Silver Spring, Maryland, and asking the teacher for a shoe. Everyone laughed at me, because I had meant to say tissue. I was so embarrassed that I turned bright red. My mom and I had immigrated to the U.S. that year from Morelia, a city in Mexico, in the middle of the country. So my English wasnt great at first. I dont remember Mexico well because I left when I was young. My mom says that we left because its hard to find work there. She brought me to the U.S. so I could go to a great school and get an excellent job someday.But not being able to speak English well in elementary school made it hard to make friends and understand my teachers. Besides, I have dark skin, dark hair, and dark eyes, but in America, there are so many white people with different-colored eyes. I didnt just sound different -- I looked different. I cried every day. I felt like such a loner, like I didnt belong or deserve anything. Nobody would talk to me, and even though Im an outgoing person by nature, I kept everything bottled up inside because I didnt know how to say what I wanted to say. It was so frustrating. It was difficult getting used to the little things too. I remember seeing a sloppy joe in the cafeteria for the first time and thinking: What is that? It looks nasty!Fitting inIn middle school, everything began to change. By then I was speaking English fluently, so it was easier to communicate. I told myself: Im not going to be laughed at anymore. I started making friends. I met a girl named Nora, and I liked her because she kept everything to herself. I could trust her. And I met Walter, who is one of those homeboys who gives you advice. I finally felt like I fit in -- like I was a real American. They are still my best friends today.I feel lucky that Im Mexican and American. Most of my relatives are still in Morelia. Im finally going back -- itll be my first trip there since I emigrated. Im excited to see my grandmother and the rest of my family. Its hard to be so far away from them. Since they havent seen me since I was little, Im nervous, but mostly I cant wait to give them hugs.

Future dreamsAfter high school, I want to stay in the U.S. and go to college and get a good job. I want to make my mom proud. Ill probably try to get into Harvard. I get straight As now, and my teachers keep telling me that Im a leader. They say that when I do my work, it makes the other kids around me want to do their work too. That makes me feel special. I want to be a psychologist, because I love helping people with their problems. You see me, and you dont think Ive been through things, because a smile hides a thousand feelings. Being an immigrant has made me stronger -- it taught me how to be determined, work twice as hard, and overcome obstacles. If I look back at my second grade self and compare that person to who I am now, Im like a butterfly. At first, I was in a shell. I didnt want to talk to anyone -- I didnt want people to make fun of me. But once I learned English and got comfortable, I couldnt stop. I spread my wings, and now I feel like I can fly. If I were playing soccer in the park today and saw those kids who laughed at me in second grade, I would say, Hi, remember me? Look at me now!Things to Know:1. Have patience. If youre an immigrant and youre new to this country, dont give up. Things may be hard at first, but your parents put a lot of effort into getting you here, so just remember that everything will get easier in time. 2. Be kind. Everybody deserves respect and should be treated equally. It shouldnt matter what they look like or how well they speak English. 3. Dont judge. You might look at me and think Im different because Im an immigrant, but the reality is that we are all immigrants in this country. The founders of this country all came from other countries. So remember that before you think less of somebody.Rate this article

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VIDEO In the mix Teen Immigrants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCuOcnhnEPo

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Leave a commentClick here to enter text. 6 Article: Informational

1

What Is a Culture?Nancy Jervis

THE GREAT DEBATE

There is a great debate in social science about what it is that shapes us both as individuals and as members of society. With regard to individuals, this debate is about "nature versus nurture," meaning whether it is our inherited genetic predisposition ("nature") or what we learn as we grow up ("nurture") that predominantly shapes us and our differences as individuals. Similarly, anthropologists ask how much of our behavior as a group is predetermined by geography, culture, or history. Studies increasingly indicate what most of us know from common sense: these differences between us as individuals and those between groups of people can be explained by no single factor alone, but by the complex interaction between them.

Great differences, as well as startling similarities, can be seen when comparing world cultures. People around the globe are similar in their essential humanity: we communicate with each other, we sustain ourselves with food, and when we sleep we often dream. Yet we speak different languages, eat different foods, and dream different dreams. These are what we call cultural differences. What causes them is not always obvious to the ordinary person.

I remember being on a train many years ago, before many Westerners traveled in China, riding through Gansu Province in western China with an Australian Chinese friend who spoke no Chinese. I was often overheard translating for her. People on the train, mostly ethnic Han and Hui (Chinese Moslems), were as startled to see a Chinese face without the language that usually accompanies it, as they were to see my Caucasian face speaking Chinese. One man in particular kept insisting that there must be a Chinese relative on my father's side of the family (sic); otherwise, how could I have learned the language? The assumption was that one's ability to speak a particular language (like an individual's physical characteristics) is genetically and not culturally transmitted...and that genetics somehow mirrors social organization (i.e., everything is transmitted through the male's family line).

Similarly, as an English teacher that same year, in class with my students (all of whom were male teachers of English from outlying provinces), I was told authoritatively by one of my students that although he did not doubt my learning, I was a woman, and somewhere in America there must be a man who was more knowledgeable than I. "Everyone," he went on to say, "knows that, worldwide, men as a group are smarter than women." He pointed to the fact that men in every culture held more powerful positions than women as proof. What he was not aware of was how his Confucian ideas about gender and the superiority of males influenced the way he thought about mens and womens roles. Each of these incidents illustrates the fact that, for many people, culture is so internalized that we take it as a given - as something we are born with. But both language and gender categories are elements of culture and, as such, are transmitted from generation to generation. As children, we are taught language, gender roles, how to behave, what to believe (religion), what foods taste good, and so on. If, as an infant, you or I had been transported to another culture to be raised in that culture, that culture would be ours today, rather than the American one we share.

CULTURAL TRANSMISSION

What exactly does culture mean? Is it something material you can touch? Or is it something immaterial, such as values and beliefs? Or is it our customs and traditions, our festivals and celebrations? While anthropologists have vacillated between material and nonmaterial definitions of culture, today most would agree with a more inclusive definition of culture: the thoughts, behaviors, languages, customs, the things we produce and the methods we use to produce them. It is this, the human ability to create and transmit culture, that differentiates us as humans from the rest of the animal world.

The essential feature of culture, that it is learned and transmitted from one generation to the next, rests on the human capacity to think symbolically. Language, perhaps the most important feature, is a symbolic form of communication. The word table, for example, is nothing other than a symbol for the actual thing, a table. Language is a form of communication. Without language, culture could not be transmitted, people could not learn from one another across generations, and there would be no cultural continuity.

Simply because culture is transmitted through symbols whose meanings remain more or less constant doesn't mean that cultures are static and don't change. On the contrary, cultures are never truly static. Which of us does not remember a grandparent comparing life today with the one s/he grew up in? The changes that took place between his/her lifetime and ours represent subtle cultural shifts in values, the things we use, and the way we use language.

What causes cultural change? Outside influences, through a process known as cultural diffusion, may stimulate cultural change. An example of this is commercial or cross-cultural contacts like the Silk Road, which brought silk to the West and Buddhism into China. Inventions and technological developments from within a society, such as the steam engine or the automobile, can also have an impact on culture. "Car culture," for example, is a term describing people's dependence on the automobile. This dependence gave birth to the concept of "fast-food restaurants" such as McDonald's, where people get inexpensive hot food delivered to eat on the go. "Fast-food restaurants" have spread through cultural diffusion to many parts of the world.

CULTURAL FORMATION

How do cultures form in the first place? Groups of people living in specific ecological niches interacted with their environments over long periods of time. Given a certain degree of isolation, they developed adaptations to their environment, methods of survival, and ways of organizing themselves socially, and came to share beliefs and symbols that explained their world. They also developed a language they used to communicate with each other that enabled them to transmit learning to future generations. Over time, increasing communication between early human groups broke down geographic isolation. Gradually, through cultural diffusion, linkages were formed and many different specific cultures evolved into larger groupings called culture areas - regions with shared cultural traits. An example of a culture area is sub-Saharan Africa. While there are many different tribal groups speaking many different languages, and today many nation-states, there are features such as social structures that most of the tribes share. Another example is East Asia: China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. While speaking different languages and having very differently organized societies, these four nation-states, each with its own specific culture, share such features as patriarchal social organization, Confucian values, the Buddhist religion, an emphasis on the family, and ancient Chinese as the classical language. Other culture areas include Latin America, northern Europe, southern Europe, South Asia, etc.

CULTURE VS. CIVILIZATION

Also, over time, a culture may evolve into what is termed a civilization. A civilization is generally understood as a more advanced form of organized life: civilizations usually have more complex forms of social, political, military, and religious life. Writing and the use of metals are also features of some civilizations.

Examples of great civilizations are Egyptian, Mughal, and Shang Dynasty China. The last of these is often cited as the oldest continuous civilization in the world (Egyptian civilization is older, but it disappeared and is not continuous with Egyptian society today.) But there is no absolute threshold after which we can firmly state that a culture has evolved into a civilization. Nor do all cultures necessarily become civilizations. We need to be mindful of the fact that the term civilization is often a loaded one, used to contrast so-called civilized societies with so-called primitive ones. While these adjectives (civilized, primitive) may refer to the level of complexity of a society, they do not define the quality of life, the values, or the mores of the societies they describe. DEFINITIONS OF CULTURE

Anthropologists have been discussing and debating definitions of culture since the origin of the discipline in the 19th century. In 1952 two prominent American anthropologists, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, published an entire volume cataloging different definitions of culture. A useful summary of that discussion, grouping their 160 different definitions into eight categories, is provided by John Bodley in his Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States and the Global System (1994). Bodley goes on to distill what is useful in these categories and to define culture in a useful way. Culture, he suggests, is made up of at least three components: what people think, what they do, and the material products they produce. The problem with defining culture as shared values and beliefs, as some anthropologists do, is that there can be a vast difference between what people think they ought to do (value) and what they actually do (behavior). Moreover, we get much of our evidence for what people do from what people make - that is, from material things (what archaeologists study). So we really need to include all three components in a definition of culture.

Besides these components, culture has several properties: to quote Bodley, it is "shared, learned, symbolic, transmitted cross-generational - as discussed above - adaptive, and integrated." For example, there is common agreement in a culture on what things mean. Members of a culture share specific symbolic meanings, including (but not limited to) language. In America, for example, brides wear white as a symbol of purity. In China, red is worn by a bride as a celebratory or "happy" color, while white is the color of mourning. Thus colors take on symbolic meaning, as do religious symbols (icons), art, etc. All culture is learned; none is inherited. And it is passed on from one generation to the next, which is why schools and families are so important in cultural transmission.

Culture is furthermore adaptive, which harkens back to how cultures - and subcultures - are formed. Modes of behavior, social institutions, and technologies all foster our adaptation to the particular niche of the ecological world we inhabit. That is what is meant by adaptive: if you live in a cold climate, you will learn to make shelter and clothing that keep you warm. If you are part of an island culture, most likely your diet will consist of fish and the local technology will include boat making and the making of fishing gear. Culture is also integrated; that is, each aspect of a culture is consonant with every other. If not, there is cultural dissonance that risks a tearing apart. We speak of, in Clifford Geertz's terms, a "web of culture." It is like a woven cloth, a fabric.

Culture, here understood as the totality of what a group of people think, how they behave, and what they produce that is passed on to future generations, is what binds us together as human beings but also separates us into our different communities. In today's world, understanding both our similarities and our diversity becomes increasingly important. Through an understanding and appreciation of cultural difference, children will be better prepared to live in an ever-shrinking global community. And increasingly, our classrooms are becoming miniature models of the global community itself.

The University of the State of New York | The State Education Department Albany, New York 12234 | www.nysed.gov | 2006

Interactive Map from NYTimes

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/03/10/us/20090310-immigration-explorer.html?_r=0Rate this article

Leave a commentClick here to enter text.7 Game: Vocabulary GameAdapt Hungry Hector or similar?

Or update something like the eduplace one:

http://www.eduplace.com/cgi-bin/schtemplate.cgi?template=/kids/hmsv/smg/smg.thtml&game_file=game_8_06&grade=8&unit=6