collective behavior originates spontaneously

8/17/2019 Collective Behavior Originates Spontaneously

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• 9i!e 'indu "uslim riots in +ubcontinent

• Race, religion or nationality no matter what crowd behavior remains the

same

• ying ob5ects from the space

• t sometimes becomes physical illness epidemics

• ISASTER BEHAVIOR t is the !ind of behavior originated after an

occurrence of a disaster

• 2isaster studies are useful in showing o?cials what to epect when

disaster hits and how to mobilize their resources

• %raumatized people and children li!e s!ill development

NORMS

• Culture denes t"# $a% t"in&' '"ould (# don# $# 'a% it i'

nor)ati*#, it denes the standards of conduct

• %erm @$#R" has two meanings,

• +%A%+%CA9 $#R" the way things actually are, as they actually eist

(real culture), how people actually act

• CB9%BRA9 $#R" the way things are epected to eist (ideal culture),

how people are epected to act

Fol+$a%'


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• *ol!ways are simply the customary, normal, habitual ways a group

does things

• +ha!ing hands, eating with !nives and for!s, wearing nec!ties on some

occasions and sport shirts on others, driving on the right hand, eating

toast for brea!fast

• $ew generations absorb fol!ways by deliberate teaching but mainly by

observing and ta!ing part in themMORES

• +ome fol!ways are important than others

• %he strong ideas of right and wrong which re0uire certain acts and

forbid others

• iolation of mores may bring disaster upon them

• ating with for! or hand is acceptable but adultery (faithless) is not

• 9i!e eating por! is forbidden whereas cow in some cultures, wearing

clothes

• +ome mores forbidden in one culture may not be so in another• "ores are D9*+ of rights and wrongs according to one;s belief and

become absolute sometimes

• iolating them becomes intolerable

• "ores depend on genuine cause and e1ect relationship li!e

condemnation of murders ensures individual and group survival to

protect the


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• alues thus guide personal 5udgment and behavior

• alues change from time to time

• alue disagreements are endless in comple societies

• alue shift may cause change in fol!ways and mores

• An act is considered legitimate (morally acceptable) if in harmony with

epected values

,#r'onalit%2efE @.ersonality is the totality of behavior of an individual with a given

tendency system interacting with a se0uence of situations

A given tendency indicates that the person has the characteristic ways of

acting and acts the same day and the after day


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3/ %' B$R+% +%A& #f growing confusion and discontent

4/ %' FC%"$% +%A& uence governmentaldecisions/

• %hese pressure groups also !nown as interest groups pursue their

political goals through lobbying- the process by which individuals and

groups communicate with public o?cials in order to in>uence decisions

of government/

T%,#' o5 ,r#''ur# &rou,

• .rimary pressure groups are organizations which involve themselves in

political activities designed to in>uence public policy

• +econdary pressure groups engage mainly in non-political activity andinvolve themselves in actual political processes only rarely/

• "embership of sectional pressure groups is conned to those who are

personally involved in the sector of activity which the pressure groups

represent traders, auto drivers etc/

• Rol# is a behavior epected of one who holds a particular status


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• Statu' t is the ran! of a person in a group, or of a group in relation to

other groups

• R#9 %AH$& F.R"$% D G"DAR2# (*a!e prison )

• /#noc#ntri')

• t is the belief that our own ideas, products and styles are inferior to

those which originate anywhere else• %he word Fenocentrism means preference from the foreign

• #t"noc#ntri')

• thnocentrism refers to the view of things in which one;s own group is

the center of everything and all others are scaled and rated with

reference to it

• THEORY OF PERSONALITY

• 9##H$& &9A++ %'#R

3/ #ur perception as how we loo! to others

4/ #ur perception of their 5udgment;

6/ #ur feelings about that 5udgment

• 2RA"A%BR&CA9 A..R#AC'

• 9AD99$& %'#R

collective behavior originates spontaneously

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