college access: measuring what matters donald e. heller dean, college of education michigan college...

College Access:

Measuring What Matters

Donald E. HellerDonald E. HellerDean, College of EducationDean, College of Education

Michigan College Access Network ConferenceEast Lansing, MIApril 30, 2012

22© 2012, Donald E. Heller

Daniel Hand High SchoolMadison, Connecticut

College enrollment over timeCollege enrollment over time


Postsecondary enrollments rates of high school grads (w/in 12 months)

College Board, Education Pays 2010

>$88,230

$88,230

$55,050$35,000$19,000

Income limits of each quintile in 2008 shown

44

Stratification in higher educationStratification in higher education

Distribution of each income quartile by sector and attendanceDependent students enrolled in 2007-2008

© 2012, Donald E. Heller Author’s calculations from NPSAS: 2008

Influences on college access and successInfluences on college access and success

© 2012, Donald E. Heller 55

Academic•Curriculum

•Coursework rigor

•Standardized tests

•Test prep and shadow education

•Academic support

•Enrollment intensity

Financial•Student’s resources

•Family income

•Family assets

•Access to capital

•Tuition price

•Financial aid

Sociocultural•College knowledge

•Information about financial aid

•Peer & family experiences

•Motivation & aspiration

•Loan aversion

Influences on college access and successInfluences on college access and success


Academic•Curriculum

•Coursework rigor

•Standardized tests

•Test prep and shadow education

•Academic support

•Enrollment intensity

Financial•Student’s resources

•Family income

•Family assets

•Access to capital

•Tuition price

•Financial aid

Sociocultural•College knowledge

•Information about financial aid

•Peer & family experiences

•Motivation & aspiration

•Loan aversion

77

The interplay of financial and academic barriersThe interplay of financial and academic barriers

Highest

Lowest

HighestLowest

Socioeconomic Status Quartile(composite of parental education, income, and occupation)

AchievementQuartile

(8th grade reading & math)

© 2012, Donald E. Heller

77%43%

27%7%

Author’s calculations from NELS:88, ACSFA Empty Promises

1992 high school graduates earning a bachelor’s degree by 2000

97%78%

77%36%

1992 high school graduates attending college by 1994

Financial & social factors

Academic factors

88

The educational pipelineThe educational pipeline

1988 8th graders by family income and college qualifications

Author’s calculations from NELS:88© 2012, Donald E. Heller Data for survey respondents in each year

17points

35points

40points

6points

Tertiary attainment ratesTertiary attainment rates


Population that has attained at least tertiary educationby age cohort (2009)

Source: OECD, Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2011, Education at a Glance 2011, Chart A1.1Chart A1.1

Reaching the Lumina/MCAN goalReaching the Lumina/MCAN goal


Proportion of population 25 and older with a postsecondary credential

Author’s calculations from Current Population Survey

Lumina/MCAN goal

Actual

Projected

1212

“It is the responsibility of the community, at the local, State,

and National levels, to guarantee that financial barriers do not

prevent any able and otherwise qualified young person from

receiving the opportunity for higher education. There must be

developed in this country the widespread realization that

money expended for education is the wisest and soundest of

investments in the national interest. The democratic

community cannot tolerate a society based upon education for

the well-to-do alone. If college opportunities are restricted to

those in the higher income brackets, the way is open to the

creation and perpetuation of a class society which has no

place in the American way of life.”A. Lyndon Johnson, signing the Higher Education Act of

1965

B. Senator Claiborne Pell, upon the renaming of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant Program in his honor, 1980

C. President Truman’s Commission on Higher Education, 1947

D. Thomas Jefferson, upon the founding of the U. of Virginia, 1819


1313

“It is the responsibility of the community, at the local, State,

and National levels, to guarantee that financial barriers do not

prevent any able and otherwise qualified young person from

receiving the opportunity for higher education. There must be

developed in this country the widespread realization that

money expended for education is the wisest and soundest of

investments in the national interest. The democratic

community cannot tolerate a society based upon education for

the well-to-do alone. If college opportunities are restricted to

those in the higher income brackets, the way is open to the

creation and perpetuation of a class society which has no

place in the American way of life.”A. Lyndon Johnson, signing the Higher Education Act of

1965

B. Senator Claiborne Pell, upon the renaming of the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant Program in his honor, 1980

C. President Truman’s Commission on Higher Education, 1947

D. Thomas Jefferson, upon the founding of the U. of Virginia, 1819


Overcoming barriers for low-income studentsOvercoming barriers for low-income students

Address K-12 preparationAddress K-12 preparation Improve underperforming – and under-resourced – schoolsImprove underperforming – and under-resourced – schools Make college (or labor market) readiness the default for all Make college (or labor market) readiness the default for all

studentsstudents Address family support and encouragementAddress family support and encouragement Strong college and financial counselingStrong college and financial counseling

Remove financial barriersRemove financial barriers Need-based financial aid and better information about itNeed-based financial aid and better information about it Align state and institutional tuition, financial aid, and funding Align state and institutional tuition, financial aid, and funding

policiespolicies Support services for first generation, at-risk studentsSupport services for first generation, at-risk students

Pre-collegePre-college In-collegeIn-college Improve college throughputImprove college throughput


1515

educ.msu.edu/dean


college access: measuring what matters donald e. heller dean, college of education michigan college...

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