GENERAL SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 121

be meteorology. Those students who did not care for the naturalsciences could take general biology in the second year. Therest of the school curriculum might be left as it is, as far as thesciences are concerned. Even under these conditions physicalgeography need not become formal.

General science is an introductory science, not as a preparationfor biology, chemistry, or physics, but it is a course in whichthe pupil and science make their first bow. Its purpose is toawaken the pupil to a fuller realization of his surroundings, tofire his imagination, and to shake off apathy and superstition.The course should make him cease merely to absorb facts andformulas, and get him into the condition in which he is readyand willing to be educated.

COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BOARD.The annual meeting of the College Entrance Examination Board was held

at Columbia University on November 12. Tufts was admitted to member-ship, bringing up to thirty the total number of colleges represented. Astanding committee of seven was named to study the reading and ratingof examination books and the standards of marking. The list of examinersappointed to prepare examination questions in the sciences for 1911 isas follows:Botany�Chief examiner, Willard Winfield Rowlee, Cornell; associates,

Mary Elizabeth Kennedy, Mount Holyoke; Louis Murbach, Central HighSchool, Detroit, Mich.

Chemistry�Chief examiner, Alexander Smith, University of Chicago;associates, Gregory Paul Baxter, Harvard; Boynton Wells McFarland, NewHaven High School, New Haven, Conn.Mathematics�Chief examiner, Robert Woodworth Prentiss, Rutgers;

associates, Herbert Edwin Hawkes, Columbia; Edward B. Parsons, Boys’High School, Brooklyn.

Physics�Chief examiner, Frank Allan Waterman, Smith; associates,William Edward McElfresh, Williams; Daniel Edward Owen, William PennCharter School, Philadelphia, Pa.

Zoology�Chief examiner, George Howard Parker, Harvard University;

associates, Charles Wright Dodge, University of Rochester; Walter HollisEddy, High School of Commerce, New York.

ELEVATION BENCH MARKS.

Since 1897, when the United States Geological Survey was authorized byCongress to determine elevations above sea level at various points and toset bench marks to preserve the data, the Survey has done more than 200,-000 miles of spirit leveling and set more than 24,000 of these marks. Onetype of metal mark is a tablet 3% in. in diameter, with a stem 3 in. long.The castings have been made of brass, and aluminum bronze and are placedon masonry structures, large boulders, solid rock, etc. The stems are in-serted in drill holes and fastened with cement.