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(College Journal. XIV. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, COMMENCEMENT NUMBER. No. io.

COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES.

A large audience, filling every part of the College hall, assembled on Thurs- day, June 24th, to witness the graduation exercises of the Class of ’86. There were ten members in the class— Messrs. Alexander A. Cullinen, of New Brunswick ; Joseph M. Dohan, of Pennsylvania ; Leslie W. Kernan, of New York ; Edgar Kidwell, of the Dis- trict of Columbia ; Frederick R. Lett, of New York; William D. Lynch, of New York ; James F. McElhone, of the District of Columbia; Charles H. Roche, of Missouri ; Thomas J. Shea, of the District of Columbia, and Cal- j vert Wilson, of the District of Colum- bia.

The programme was as follows : A. M. D. G.

SIXTY-NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT.

Thursday, June 24th, at 10.30 A. M.

ORDER OP EXERCISES. Music.

Political Ambition Charles H. Roche. The Necessity of a Navy...Leslie W. Kernan.

Music. Anarchy William D. Lynch. The Magnitude of the Present Crisis,

Joseph M. Dohan. Music.

Conferring of Degrees. Valedictory James F. McElhone.

Music. Distribution of Prizes.

Music.

Mr. Kernan was unable to speak, having been ill for some days before commencement.

The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on Joseph J. Darlington, and the degree of Master of Arts on John J. Stafford, M. D., of the District of Co- lumbia.

Every member of the Class of ’ 86 received the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

Mr. Edgar Kidwell, besides standing first in the class and gaining the first prize in Rational and in Natural Philos- ophy, and in Mechanics, (three gold medals,) surpassed the best record ever made at Georgetown in the contests for honors in the class of Rational Philos- ophy, his essays having been adjudged worthy of the full number of possible marks.

Mr. Joseph M. Dohan occupied a distinguished place, standing second in the classes of Rational Philosophy and Mechanics, third in Natural Philosophy, and winning the Merrick Debating medal and the Morris Historical medal.

Mr. James F. McElhone also took a distinguished position, gaining the medal for Christian Doctrine, and the Philodemic medal (offered for the best essay on the subject—International Copyright).

The degrees were conferred by the Reverend President of the College.

The following is the list of those who in the various classes have distinguished themselves during the year :

The standard of merit is— Honorable Mention—75 per cent, of the

attainable marks. Distinguished—80 per cent, of the attain-

able marks. Medal and Premium—The two highest

above 85 per cent.

AWARDS. Senior Classes.

Rational Philosophy. The Gofif Medal—

Edgar Kidwell, D. C. Premium Joseph M. Dohan, Pa. Honorably mentioned—

Charles H. Roche, Mo. Alexander A. Cullinen, N. B.

Physics. Medal Edgar Kidwell, D. C. Premium Calvert Wilson, D. C. Distinguished...Joseph M. Dohan, Pa.

Charles H. Roche, Mo. Mechanics.

Medal Edgar Kidwell, D. C. Premium Joseph M. Dohan, Pa. Distinguished...Charles H. Roche, Mo.

Rhetoric. Medal L. Bush A] lain, La. Premium Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. Distinguished ...Thomas J. Craven, D. C.

Albert G. Brown, Md. English Literature and Composition.

Premium Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. Distinguished...L. Bush Aliain, La.

Thomas J. Craven, D. C. Louis C. White, D. C. Albert G. Brown, Md. John B. McFaul, Va.

Honorably mentioned— Frank Brown, Md.

Poetry. Medal Benjamin Tureaud, Ont. Premium George Kearney, Va. Distinguished... Alphonsus J. Donlon, N. Y.

Charles B. Power, Mon.

Distinguished...Maurice C. Spratt, N. Y. Daniel J. McLaughlin, Dak. Eric B. Dahlgren, D. C. W. Paul D. Moross, Tenn.

Honorably mentioned— Thomas F. Hendricken, R. I.

English Literature and Composition. Premium Maurice C. Spratt, N. Y. Distinguished...Daniel J. McLaughlin, Dak.

W. Paul D. Moross, Tenn. Eric B. Dahlgren, D. C. Alphonsus J. Donlon, N. Y. Gustave C. Beauseigneur, Pa. Charles B. Power, Mon. Benjamin Tureaud, Ont. J. Henry Martin, N. C. Thomas V. Bolan, Pa.

Honorably mentioned — Joseph W. Singleton, N. Y.

Charles A. Knowlton was promoted to this class during the year.

First Grammar. Medal Thomas B. Lantry, N. Y. Premium Thomas M. Harvey, D. C. Distinguished... John A. Sweeney, D. C,

William J. McClusky, N. Y. Honorably mentioned—

Walter A. Johnson, Ga. John V. Dahlgren, D. C.

English Literature and Composition. Premium Thomas B. Lantry, N. Y. Distinguished... John A. Sweeney, D. 0.

Thomas M. Harvey, D. C. William J. McClusky, N. Y. John V. Dahlgren, D. C.

Honorably mentioned— George K. French, D. C. Walter A. Johnson, Ga.

Mathematics.

P'irst Mathematics. Medal Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. Honorably mentioned—

Louis C. White, D. C. Second Mathematics.

Medal.... Thomas B. Lantry, N. Y. Premium Thomas M. Harvey, D. C. Distinguished...Charles P. Power, Mon.

John A. Sweeney, D. C. Daniel J. Geary, Pa. Maurice C. Spratt, N. Y. W. Paul D. Moross, Tenn. Alphonsus J. Donlon, N. Y. Henry E. Brooks, D. C. Benjamin Tureaud, Dnt. Dominic F. Knowlan, Pa. C. Albert White, D. C.

ILono.rably mentioned— George Kearney, Va. Charles A. Knowlton, La.

Third Mathematics. Medal William J. McClusky, N. Y. Premium Alexander Kearney, Va. Honorably mentioned—

John V. Dahlgren, D. C. Daniel J. McLaughlin, Dak.

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL.

Analytical Chemistry, Medal L. Bush Allain, La. Premium Thomas J. Craven, D. C. Distinguished ..Albert G. Brown, Md. Honorably mentioned—

Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. General Chemistry,

Medal W. Paul D. Moross, Tenn. Premium Thomas V. Bolan, Pa. Distinguished...Maurice C. Spratt, N. Y.

Alphonsus J. Donlon, N. Y. Charles B. Power, Mon.

Honorably mentioned— Erie B. Dahlgren, D. C. First French.

Medal George K. French, D. C. Premium Gustave C. Beauseigneur, Pa. Distinguished...Thomas M. Harvey, D. C.

Thomas C. Jenkins, Md. Honorably mentioned—

John A. Sweeney, D. C. Walter A. Johnson, Ga.

Louis C. White was promoted to this class during the year.

German. Medal Charles M. McNally, Pa. Honorably mentioned—

Edward Murphy, N. Y. Eugene E. Seep, Pa.

Christian Doctrine. Medal James F. McElhone, D. C. Premium Joseph M- Dohan, Pa. Distinguished...L. Bush Allain, La.

Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. Honorably mentioned...Win. L. Brent, Md.

Thomas J. Craven, D. C. Elocution.

Medal John B. Me haul, Va. Premium Calvert Wilson, D. C. Distinguished...William D Lynch, N. Y.

W. M. Byrne, N. J. Francis W. Sullivan, Pa. John V. Dahlgren, D. C. Francis E. Brown, Md.

The Merrick Debating Medal, (Founded by R. T. Merrick, Esq., LL. D),

Awarded to Joseph M. Dohan, Pa.

Subject—“ Resolved, That greater dangers threaten the Republic of the United States from combination of capital than from combination of labor.”

The Toner Scientific Medal, (Given by Joseph M. Toner, M. D., A. M.),

(Not awarded.) The Hoffman Mathematical Medal,

(Given by Charles W. Hoffman, LL. D.), (Not awarded.)

The Morris Historical Medal, (Given by Martin F. Morris, LL. D.),

Awarded to Joseph M. Dohan, Pa.

Subject—“Arctic Explorations since 1850.” The Philodennc Prize Medal,

(Given by the Philodemic Society.), Awarded to

James F. McElhone, D. C. Subject—“ International Copyright.

'the Philonomosian Debating Aiedal. Given by the Philonomosian Society.),

Awarded to Daniel J. Geary, Pa.

(subject “Ought Chinese Immigration to be prohibited by the United States?”

The Academic exercises will be re- sumed in the lower schools on Thursday, September 9, and in the School of Philosophy on Thursday, Sept. r6,1886.

ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS SINCE 1850.

BY JOSEPH M DOHAN, ’86.

Concluded.

The passage by Baffin’s Bay, though far from safe, is less perilous than that by Spitzbergen andthe east coast of Green- land. The ice here is scarcely one-fourth as thick as in the other two passages, and much of the pack is destroyed by the annual thaw or the warmth of the ocean into which it drifts. It seems that by means of Baffin ’s Bay, Mel ville Sound, Smith Sound, Kennedy Channel and numerous other openings which are navigable at certain seasons, a systematic exploration of all this region could be effected, and all the discoveries resulting from more dangerous voyages could be obtained by using the Archipelago as the basis of operations. The drifting ice makes a navigable water in North Baffin’s Bay, Lancaster and Smith Sounds, which is called the North Water. A surface current flows down the bay to the Atlantic, and in early spring drifts large quantities of ice through Lancaster, Jones and Smith Sounds. This current is very strong, and drifted the American expedition of ’5o-’5i from Wellington Channel to the Atlantic, and also the Resolute (1855) from Barrow’s Strait to the Atlantic, and the Fox, with Captain McClintock, in ’57-’s8. The passage to the North Water is effected in three ways: First and safest is sailed the ‘‘North-about Passage’ ’ along the Green- land coast; the second, by the drifting pack in the center of the bay, and the third or “Southern Passage,” along the west side of Baffin’s Bay. The second is called the “Middle Passage.” Since 1850 the only failure by way of the North-about Passage was Captain Me- Clintock’s voyage in the Fox. Retreat is so easy by the Baffin’s Bay route that even among whalers, who frequent these waters, and whose boats are scarcely fitted for contact with the enormous ice floes,the mortality is very small. Thedis- coveries of the whalers have, with great loss to science,been but little noticed,and it is almost certain that many of the latest discoveries were in reality only re- discoveries. In Norway, however, these observations are now recorded, and this fact has proved a great inducement to the whalers to report their observations. In 1871 Captain Walker, in the Exile, found coal in Eclipse Sound. Com- mander A. II. Markham, R. N., accom- panied the whaling fleet of 1873 and made many interesting observations.

Captain Inglefield, in the Isabel, r8s2, found that the entrance to Smith

Sound was 36 miles wide. He went as high as 78° 28' 21” N.

Three expeditions, known as the Grin- nell expeditions, were sent out under Lieutenant De Haven, Dr. Kane and Captain Hall respectively. The first under De Haven as commander, with Dr. Kane as medical officer, started on May 22, 1830, but was closed in the pack and compelled to return in August of the same year.

Dr. Kane, of the brig Advance, landed on the shore of Smith Sound in 1853: he was the first to land there from the time of its discovery by Baffin in 1616. With a poorly equipped expedition, such as his certainly was, and taking no warning from the experience of others, it is a wonder how he pushed on in his work, especially when we remember that at one time only two were free from the scurvy. In Iat- titude 78° 37' N. the brig was frozen in. The precipitous cliffs of the shore were 800 to 1,200 feet high ; these he named “ Ice-foot,” because at their base there was a belt of ice 18 feet thick. He called the place where he was frozen in “Van Rensselaer Harbor.” Cape Al- exander was determined to be in 78° 1°' N. The precipices here are formed of Siberian limestone and red sandstone. Kane found a glacier in 790 12' N. 45 miles long, which was called the “Hum- boldt Glacier.” His steward, Morton, went further north, but his discoveries and reports are not generally accepted as true. Dr. Kane named the northern end of Smith Sound Kennedy Channel.

In July, 1854, he made an attempt to communicate with the English frozen up in Wellington Channel, but was un- successful. He returned, and in 1855 abandoned the brig and started for home. The party had only salt meat, and had it not been for the timely and continual assistance of the “Arctic Hilanders” the whole crew would have perished miserably. They reached Upernavik eighty-five days after abandoning the Advance. Dr. Kane’s discoveries proved that a wide strait leads from Baffin’s bay into the unknown Polar region, that Greenland is separated from the land to the westward, and that the coast line extends northward for a considerable distance. This is important, for here is the only point where the land trends directly to the Pole. These results have been proved beyond the shadow of a doubt by the later expeditions, and especially by that of Lieutenant Greely, who established the coast line as far as 83° 24' N.

Dr. Hayes, in i860, endeavored to follow up the line of research of Dr.

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL. m

Kane. After wintering in Port Foulke he pushed forward in sledges to 8i° 35' N. The expedition returned safely in 1861. Reindeer, ducks, and other fresh meats kept the party in good health, and were reported numerous in that laiitude. In 1869 Captain Hall returned from an expedition of five years, during which it was his endeavor, while attentively studying the regions, to collect particulars of the fate of Sir John Franklin. It is generally accepted that he discovered Sir Martin Frobisher’s settle- ment. Haunted by the idea of reaching the Pole, he agitated the question, and, having influence, he secured from the Government, through Mr. Robeson, the Secretary of the Navy, a river-boat (a part of the American navy), called the Periwinkle, which was rechristened the Polaris. On June 26th, 1871, he sailed with the intention of reaching the Pcle. His plan was to go• up Jones’s Sound, or by Dr. Kane’s route by Smith Sound, along the west side. It is sup- posed that he went up Smith Sound, and, consequently, abandoned his other plans. He discovered and named Robe- son Strait and Polaris Bay, and then re- treated to “Thank-God Bay,” where he wintered. By sledges the party discovered and named Newman Bay and Cape Lupton. The highest point reached by the expedition was 82° 16'N. After returning from a sledge journey Cap- tain Hall became partially paralyzed, and on November 8th he died in the midst of his discoveries. His body was buried in the land that bears his name. Buddington, the next in command, turned the Polaris homeward. On account of the danger from the ice the crew took to the boats, and after the peril had passed only part of them returned to the vessel. Those on the floe drifted in great danger until April 29th, when they were picked up by the Tigress. The Polaris ran ashore by Lyttleton Island, where they were compelled to winter. Again the “Arctic Hdand- ers” came to the help of the trav- ellers, and had it not been for their timely assistance, we could easily predict the result. Here they built two boats, and shortly after embarking, were picked up by a whaler in Melville Bay. It is astonishing how Hall, with the ill- provided, weak gun-boat that he had, and the lack of military discipline, besides other equally important points, traveled 250 miles in one working season to 82° 16' N., and accomplished so much exploration when his authority was so precarious. In N. latitude 810

38' they found the climate milder than it was farther south, and musk oxen and

other animals were numerous. His expedition was chiefly noteworthy on account of the valuable information concern- ing the hydrography of the seas around the Pole. The dissension which arose after Hall’s death furnishes an invinci- ble argument against any expedition not under naval discipline.

So firmly convinced were all who had any knowledge of Arctic voyages and their difficulties that Payer had pene- trated as far as it was within human power and endurance to go, that almost unanimously they declared that the only chance of rivalry in going farther north lay along Cape Columbia (70° W., 83° N.). Little did they anticipate, however, the verification of their prophecy within a decade of its enunciation. In 1872 the expedition which gave rise to this prophecy sailed; in 1882 the prophecy was verified. With instructions from the War Department of the United States to establish a permanent station on the eighty-first parallel,for thegeneral purpose of scientific observations, ani- mal, vegetable, and mineral collections, and geographical discovery, the “ Lady Franklin Bay Expedition ” sailed from St. Johns on July 7th, 1881. The Pro- teus, on which were twenty-five volun- teers, was to be visited during her two winters’ stay by supplv-steamers. In case of their inability to reach the Pto- teus, the supplies and papers would be cached at the most northerly point at- tained on Grinnell's Land, and a depot would be established on Lyt- tleton Island. If not reached in 1882 they were to retreat to Lyttleton Island not later than September 1, 1883. After stopping at Disco, Godhavn, and Upernavik for supplies and dogs, the party landed safely at Discovery Har- bor on August 11 ; on the 28th of the same month the house was finished, and divine service held in it. The observa- tories were placed, and a record started, which remained unbroken during the following years of hardship. Before the appearance of the sun, wonderful lunar phenomena were observed; among them, coronas, halos, paraselene, and aurora were very beautiful, while the most re- markable of all was a peculiar lunar halo with six mock moons, of variable prismatic colors, connected by spires and arches. Lieuts. Greely and Lock- wood, with Dr. Pavy, during this time of darkness sledged to Newman Bay, Cape Joseph Henry, and into Grinnell Land. In latitude 83° 23' 8"—45.5 miles farther north than flag was ever flung to the breeze—the glorious “Stars and Stripes,” as it waved its proud de- fiance to the world, sent a thrill of ex-

ultation through the hearts of the brave men who planted it there. To the daring courage of Lieut. Lockwood and Sei-gt. Brainard our country owes this coveted honor. In the summer of 1882 Lieut Greely explored Discovery Har- bor, Black Rook Vale, Chandler Fiord, Ruggles River, Lake Hazen, and the country to the west, and planted our flag on Mt. Arthur, which, in spite of his exhaustion, he ascended alone. On the return, food was abandoned for the sake of preserving the instruments and Eskimo relics. The disappointment caused by the relief steamer Neptune, which remained in Pandora Harbor for nine days, compelled the expedition to prepare for another winter. Under the efforts of their leaders, the men soon grew resigned, and their health and spirits were better than during the first winter. Again Lieut. Lockwood distinguished himself. His new discovery was the “ Mer de Glace Agassiz,” a bound- ary 85 miles long to a fertile belt of Grinnell Land ; the height of its verti- cal front is 150 feet. During the two years at Fort Conger the party explored one-eighth of the way around the globe above the 80th parallel. Nine months of this time were passed in darkness. The average te,mperature was 31.40. These expeditions extended the map of Green- land forty miles to the north; added over a hundred miles of new shore to its coast- line ; crossed Grinnell Land to the Polar Ocean; studied its physical geography, and made over five hundred scientific observations. Moreover, they corrected the coast-line for many miles. The Proteus sank on her way to Conger, and soon afterwards the retreat began. All private properties were abandoned ; diaries, field-journals, scientific instruments, photographic negatives, and all the fuel and food that could be stowed away, were packed in the Lady Greely, (the steam launch), and the two boats in tow. Many valuable. collections were left at Con- ger. The launch struggled to within fifty miles of Cape Sabine before she was stopped by the ice. This was a journey of three hundred miles, every foot of which was traversed with great peril among fogs and fearful storms, tremendous pressures and enormous floebergs. With fifty days’ rations, two small boats, and 7,000 pounds of baggage the party abandoned the launch. On account of the sledges that they impro- vised they had to go over each portion of the journey three times. The floe on which they had taken refuge was twice blown into the middle of the Kane sea; at one time it split, and all

113 GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL.

had a narrow escape. rAfter having traveled more than 400 miles by sledge and boat, they landed near Cape Sa- bine. From the time they reached Camp Clay until the end, their life was of the most terrible kind ; privation and hardship of every description soon re- duced twenty-five active and comparatively healthy men to a most miserable state. Imprisoned as they were by the tides, drifts, and condition of the ice which rendered the crossing to Lyttle- ton Island impossible, their attention was turned towards the depots and caches as the only means of sustaining life until they should be rescued. On October 9th Sergeant Rice brought the news of the loss of the Proteus. The history of the hardships and dying efforts of some of the brave men who perilled their lives, of those who perished in the attempt to alleviate the sufferings of their comrades, will long remain the most pathetic incidents in the history of the Arctic voyages and explorations. The blunders of the Yantic relief, and the consequent loss of life they entailed can scarcely be explained. Lieutenant Greely con- siders them inexcusable on the grounds of indifference or stupidity. The death rate began with Christiansen and grew with frightful rapidity. Jens was drowned while hunting. Rice after en- dangering his life to save Ellison, who afterwards died at Godhavn, perished in a most noble attempt which he made with Frederick to secure provisions. His death is thus feelingly described by Greely: “Although a driving storm of wind and snow, with a temperature of two degrees (—16.70 C.) prevailed, he (Frederick) stripped himself of his terniak in which to wrap poor Rice’s feet. In his shirt-sleeves, sitting on the sledge, he held his dying comrade in his arms until a quarter of eight, when Rice passed away. Save the last half hour, this time was enlivened, as far as could be, by cheerful jocoseness and lively remarks, in which Rice and Fred- erick had always indulged. It must not be thought a mockery, for death had been looked so long in the face that he had no terror for most of the party, and killing the present by distracting the mind had become a second nature to many of us.”

Private Henry was shot for theft and insubordination. Six men of the seven rescued on June 22d remain to tell the tale of this “death in life,” and to de- plore the mistakes that cost such a sacrifice of human life. “ Greely holds that the north and south poles are glacial lands covered with immense ice-caps

that the land at the north pole is of limited extent, and that there is an open polar sea, but not a navigable one. He thinks that an ice-belt of from fifty to one hundred miles borders the land to the south, and that this sea can be entered only in extremely favorable years by the Spitzbergen route. This is something different from the open Polar Sea of Maury, which Kane and Hayes believed kept perpetually open by the meeting at the pole of the warm currents of the Gulf Stream and the Japanese current of the Pacific, the latter of which does not pass Behring Strait, while the former ends east of the Kara Sea.

It would be difficult to imagine a more sad and unfortunate termination to an expedition which started with the highest hopes, and under the most favorable auspices, than that of the expedition in 1879, under Lieutenant DeLong. At the instance of James Gordon Bennett, the United States Government fitted up the Jeanette. She sailed from San Francisco with the intention of making the Pole through Behring Strait. A month was lost in searching for Nordenskiold, who meanwhile arrived home in safety, and on September 4th Herald Island (710 15' N.) was sighted. Two dreary winters were spent at the mercy of the pulsations of the Arctic Ocean. They were, however, not entirely fruitless, for the records show many meteorological observations, and experiments in discipline, food, etc., valuable for future Voyages. In the first winter the ship sprang a leak, and a windmill was attached to the pumps, thus saving much manual labor. In spite of the efforts of the crew, in June of the second year the ship sank and then the marches com- menced. After a six weeks’ march towards Siberia they discovered their first land, which they called “ Bennett Island.” While exploring the island they collected many specimens and made observations. They also named “Jeanette” and “ Henrietta Islands.” This group is now known as the ‘ ‘ DeLong Islands. ’ ’ Their hardships sledging over the ice openings were terrible; the more so because on account of the baggage and documents the same journey had to be per- formed several times. At Bennett Island they were closed in by the ice for ten days, and from this time the record was one of misfortune and gloom. In the cold and stormy September they made the New Siberian Islands, and halted at Semanooski Island. A gale on September 12th separated the three

boats containing the party. One under Lieutenant Chippwas never seen again. The whaling boat commanded by Mr. Melville reached the east coast of Lena Delta, and there obtained assistance from the natives. DeLong and his party in the first cutter reached the northern shore. Nearly two months later Mel- ville entered a hut and found there Nidemann and Noros, the sole survivors of DeLong’s party. After the storm they struggled onward over half frozen snow and swamp with great difficulty and pain, bearing the dying Ericksen. One month after landing DeLong sent forward these two men to seek relief, and after dragging his party a few miles further, unable to move, he waited for the relief. The records from this time complete the sad story, more eloquent in their briefness than the most vivid description. “Oct. 28, Iversen died; Oct. 29, Dressier died; Oct 30, Boyd and Gortz died during the night. Mr. Collins dying.” The last tally was kept by no mortal hand. The snow fell and folded them, the commander at his post, in its chill embrace. Months afterwards their corpses were recovered from that region of solitude and death and given an honored burial in the land from which they departed with such high ambitions and expectations. “ It is the record of the expedition which set out in high hope, and returned broken and covered with disaster. It is also the record of the lives of men subjected to severer pressures than their ship met with in the forces of nature. The ship gave way; the men surmounted the obstacles and kept their courage and faith to the end. The voyage of the Jeanette is ended. The scientific results obtained were far less than had been aimed at, but were not insignifi- cant. Something was added to the stock of the world’s knowledge; a slight gain was made in the solution of the Arctic problem. Is it said that to'o high a price in the lives of men was paid for this knowledge ? Not by such cold calculations is human endeavor measured. Sacrifice is nobler than ease, unselfish life is consummated in lonely death, and the world is richer by this gift of sacrifice. ’ ’

We have seen the histories of the Arctic expeditions for the last thirty-six years, and brief as have been (neces- sarily) the allusions to their hardships and struggles for life, it is not hard to realize from our preconceived ideas the terrors and sufferings which beset the explorers on every side. The Polar night, which seems to be quite generally misunderstood, has no little bad effect

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL. in

on the spirits and health of the crew, and undoubtedly a winter, during one hundred and twenty days of which the the sun is never seen, is a severe test on the constitution; it frequently incapaci- tates the explorers for the spring work of sledging. It is the common opinion j “that the Arctic night is such only in j name; that a perpetual twilight reigns; I that the reflection of the snow illumines distant objects; that the moon is always at the full, and that the flashes of the aurora, the merry dancers of the North, are always brilliant.” This is entirely wrong, lor, though in lower latitudes these effects are observed in a slight degree, the Arctic night is as dark as any other night, and is more dreaded by commanders that any other evils.

In spite of the difficulty of distinguish- ing land from sea in that region of ice, future explorations may yet determine whether a chain of islands or unknown parts of Greenland extend to the Pole itself. The general question of oceanic currents, temperatures, and sea-sound- ings, which it will be readily seen are of practical importance to navigation, will derive great benefits from Arctic voyages. Pendulum observations of a more extended area will complete the data necessary to form a mathematical theory of the physical condition of the earth, its ellipticity and the laws of gravity, which resting on geodetic and astronomical measurements are necessa- rily incomplete. Though the Magnetic Pole was discovered in 1830 by Sir John Ross to be 96° 43' W. and 70° N., and its variations can be and are calculated with great precision, the possible observations of magnetic and electric phenomena, and the study of the aurora, of which spectrum analysis can detect the chemical elements, are all of the highest scientific importance, and only to be obtained in this region where the forces of nature operate in such an extreme degree. Observations of atmospheric pressures and disturbances with the consequent climatic effects on Europe will be practical in their results and meteo- rology will be otherwise enriched.

Carboniferous, jurassic, and miocene rocks are known to exist; palaeozoic coal formations; many rare minerals; fossil plants; an extensive vegetation of the miocene age; a present-existing flora; fresh-water, marine, and land mollusca; many curious zoological and ornithological features; all of these have been proved to exist by the fact that specimens have been brought home or reported by reliable discoverers. When we realize that the region yet unknown contains nearly 2,500,000 square miles we can imagine the vast amount of knowledge that is yet in store for the

brave explorer who dares to penetrate this forbidding—and it seems forbidden— country. And besides these inestimable benefits to science in this wide field, there are secrets of the past to be re- vealed. Certainly the study of the glaciers, the rocks, and the entire land will throw light on many points now hotly disputed by geologists and geog- raphers. Ethnologists and anthropolo- gists, too, will reap a rich harvest from the study of the remains of the people who flourished here cen- turies ago. Their migrations and, still more, their origin, if attentively studied and carefully followed out, may perhaps lead to conclusions which will open wide the book of the Past, and throw light on disputed matters of theory to which history yields but scant assistance. The traces of these wandering “ Arctic Hilanders ” seem to prove that va-t eruptions, radical changes in the disposition of the earth’s surface, cut them off, for a time, from communication with their fellow-men. Problems that have puzzled the wisest of many ages, now await their solution. Neither the prudence nor incredulity of scien- tists can place any bounds on the imag- ination in considering the results that may flow, and will flow, from the knowledge of the region known as yet, but by its inaccessibility. But here, alas ! to check the ardor of anticipation, and chill the enthusiasm for discovery and fame, comes the saddening reflection that the circle explored around the Pole is marked and may be traced by a cor- responding circle of human bones lying in their ghastly nakedness on the ice- bound threshold of the region their owners sought to enter. Many an un- sung hero who in spirit waved his country’s flag over the Pole in that region of death, surrounded by solitude, sank to a glorious grave ere he came in sight of the promised land. Although science yearly adds new appliances by which the perils of the journey towards the Pole are considerably lessened, we may safely say that the easiest part has been travelled over, for the concurrent testi- mony of those who have reached the highest points, proves that from what- ever side they approach, they reach at last the palaeocrystic ice and glaciers over which they are unable to pass. The difficulties of the palseocrystic ice have already been alluded to; the glaciers of course are insurmountable. Their extent has yet to be determined. Dis- regarding scientific knowledge, which has been wonderfully increased during later years, the progress towards the Pole has been anything but rapid. Henry Hudson, in 1607, was only three degrees farther from the Pole than Lockwood in

1884, and from this we see that exploration covers, on an average, about one mile a year. Moreover, as the difficulties increase enormously with every mile traversed, and the nearest point is about 462 miles, many years will elapse before the Pole will be reached, if, as seems improbable, it is ever reached at all.

And now after seeing thus the efforts for science and the results, the bravery and patient suffering, the perseverance and indomitable energy, the noble lives and no less noble deaths of Arctic he- roes, we can only ask, after summing up all the practical to good humanity, whether the knowledge thus acquired at the price of human life is adequate to the sufferings endured by our fellow- men ; whether the omissions or losses of history in the past are to be remedied by the sufferings of the present; whether there can be any practical use made of the knowledge of the region which is- uninhabitable, and where life can be supported only by artificial means. There are many ways to fame and dis- tinction besides this vain daring,, where life is perilled and, as we have seen, too frequently lost, for an object which at the best is very vague. Thousands of honorable and more profitable pursuits are open to men who show as much energy as these explorers, pursuits which, although they do not bring the individ- uals into such immediate prominence before the world, have a higher, more noble influence—the immediate benefit of humanity.

GIFTS TO THE PHYSICAL CABI- NET.

The catalogue this year contains the following announcement of gifts to the cabinet of natural philosophy :

PROF. ROBERT SPICE, F. C. S., Poly- technic Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. A Thermo-electric pile, of his own invention and of great delicacy.

A FRIEND.—A Dynamo-electric ma- chine made by Gerhardt, of Bonn, Germany, expressly for the college.

CHARLES FRISBEE, ESQ., Hudson, N. Y.—One dozen Manhattan Hand Grenades.

PROF. DENIS O’SULLIVAN, S. J., St. Francis Xavier’s College, New York.—Two Brass Gyroscopes.

EDGAR KIDWELL, A. B., Washington, D. C.—A large Blackburn’s Dou- ble Pendulum, of his own Con- struction ; several smaller instruments as well as valuable repairs ta many of the physical instruments, and the building of a new amphi- theatre for the class-room of physics.


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The COLLEGE JOURNALS published by a committee of the students. Its purpose is to aid their literary improvement, to chronicle the news of the College, &c. It also serves the Society of Alumni as an organ and means of inter-communication. Being principally devoted to matters of local interest, it must rely for its patron- age chiefly upon the students and alumni of the College and its Departments, ana their friends. These and all former students are urged to give it substantial support.

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editorial Committer. Jos. M. DOHAN. ’86.

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Business Manager. THOMAS Y. BOLAN, ’88.

Assistant. JOHN B. MCFAUL, ’87.

THE Academic exercises will be re- sumed in the lower schools on Thursday, September 9, and in the School of Philosophy on Thursday, September 16, 1886.

SOCIETY OF ALUMNI.

The Society of Alumni held its annual meeting on Wednesday evening, June 23d, Martin F. Morris, Esq., Vice-President, presiding. There was a large attendance from the District of Columbia and abroad. The constitution provided that the president of the society should be chosen from the academic department, and the graduate selected should have received his degree at least twenty years previous to his election. This article was amended by changing the qualification to “ ten years” instead of “twenty.” Father. Doonan resigned the position of treasurer of the society, and Charles W. Hoffman was elected in his stead for the ensuing year. A resolution was adopted referring the matter of the centennial anniversary of the College in 1889 to the Executive Committee,, with instruction to report at a meeting to be held in December next. From the interest manifested in the movement, it is thought that the celebration will be in all respects worthy of the College and mark an important era in its history. The following new members were elected : Thomas J. Shea, Charles H. Roche, Alex. A. Cullinen, James F. McElhone, Leslie W. Kernan, Edgar Kidwell, Calvert Wilson, Joseph M. Dohan, William D. Lynch, Frederick R. Lett, Dr. J. T. Southron, R. S. Hill, Louis Kengla and Edward Key. After the meeting adjourned Father Doonan, with his usual hospitality, entertained the society at a handsome banquet, and a most enjoyable time was spent by the members. The toasts were responded to as follows : “ Georgetown .College,” Rev. Jas. A. Doonan ; “Aca- demic Department,” F. A. Lambert; “Medical Department,” Carl Klein- schmidt, M. D.; “Law Department,” Hon. William M. Merrick. On Thurs- day evening the members of the society in the District of Columbia entertained their visiting brethren at a banquet at the Arlington Hotel in Washington, at which Father Doonan presided, and in his usual happy manner welcomed the guests. Hon. William M. Merrick per- formed the duties of toast master, and toasts were responded to by J-. B. Flam- ilton, M. D.; F. A. Lambert, C. W. Hoffman and G. E. Hamilton. The entertainment was in all respects a great success and reflected credit upon those instrumental in its arrangements.

The speech of Dr. Hamilton was par- ticularly interesting in that it contained the announcement of a project recently undertaken by the Medical Department,

which promises to have the happiest effect upon that part of the University. Through his kindness we have been enabled to secure a copy of the speech which we present below.

Among those present at the banquet were : Rev. James A. Doonan, M. F. Morris, Judge William M. Merrick, Rev. Reynolds Cowardin, Dr. Joseph M. Toner, Dr. John B. Hamilton, Dr. James E. Morgan, J. J. Darlington, Charles N. Harris, John G. Agar, Dr. Carl H. A. Kleinschmidt, James A. Hoban, F. P. B. Sands, Dr. G. L. Ma- gruder, Levellin A. Brown, Dr. F. O. Sinclair, G. E. Hamilton, Dr. W. W. Evans, Charles W. Hoffman, F. A. Lambert, Commander J. H. Sands, S. M. Yeatman, E. D. F. Brady, Dr. P. J. Murphy, R, R. McMahon, Geo. P. Goff, C. C. Lancaster, Wm. F. Quick- sail, A. S. Taylor, Wm. H. Lamar, W. L. Marcy, J. J. McElhone, John J. Major, J. S. Blackman, Dr. J. L. Wolf, Dr. Hill, D. J. D. Morgan, Dr. W. F. Byrne, Thomas J. White, Dr. Antisell, Frank Kieckhoefer, Professor Foertch, Daniel Boone, Wm. H. Dennis, John J. Griffiss, Edward Key, Dr. Lachlan Tyler, Dr. Hartigan, Dr. Holden.

Professor Hamilton said : GENTLEMEN : Why our venerable and

witty toast master should have singled out the junior member of the Faculty to respond in its behalf, is a mystery I shall not attempt to fathom, unless it is that the modesty of the seniors prompted each of them separately to decline the proffered honor. It is, however, a task of no light import to speak appropri- ately while the air is still laden with the earnest eloquence of our Presi- dent, and when the speaker will be followed by one so famous for his forensic skill and legal lore as the distinguished mernber of the Law Faculty, Mr. Hoffman. But, sir, it needs neither silver tongue nor fluent speech to utter the language of the heart, and the words of welcome which I here speak, if untrained, are from the heart.

We rejoice in your presence here to- night; in your prosperity and the in- creasing power and influence of your great Alma Mater. We welcome you as worthy representatives of the growing numbers of the brotherhood, owing allegiance to the University whose jew- els are the bright minds she has trained, and whose crowning glory is your success. A thousand welcomes to our banquet hall, and the welcome can only deepen with each recurring season when commencements are ripe, and the clink- ing glasses and wassail-bowl usher in the human harvest.

I


I presume, sir, that I might, as my friend Judge Merrick would say, “rest our case’ ’ here with the assurance that the visiting alumni fully appreciate the length, breadth and depth of the welcome with which the Medical Faculty join in greeting them; but as the meat of a letter is frequently in its postscript, so in the few moments left me, I shall for once unfold a professional secret which will no doubt be public property in due course.

The Medical School looked over to New York, and saw the great laboratory founded by the Pittsburgh iron merchant, Andrew Carnegie; the five hundred thousand dollar college building given by Vanderbilt; the two hundred thousand dollar building now nearing com- pletion in Cleveland, and we felt that unless help came from some quarter we could no longer, with credit to the Uni- versity, maintain a separate department. The ill-provided building on E street, occupied for so many years, was inade- quate for the purposes of medical teach- ing ; this age of learning had left our school behind in the march of progress. Just here the University lent a helping hand, and now I am happy to say, we have bought the site, matured the plans, and expect, Providence willing, to have a new building ready to receive our medical classes next October.

It will indeed be a modest building compared with some of the mammoth structures lately erected for similar purposes, but after all, gentlemen, it takes something more than bricks and mortar to make a successful medical college, and while our will be comparatively small, yet it will be ample for the accommoda- tion of the class, and will in fact be a grander temple tnan of old was erected to yEsculapius and Hygeia, for it shall be dedicated to the sacred cause of truth and humanity; a fitting cause in which the Medical Faculty can labor as part and parcel of our grand old University, whose spires glow with brightness in the morning sun, and cast their evening shadows on the placid bosom of the Potomac, and the music of whose chimes will ever ring with silvery sweetness in the ears of its alumni, while memory holds its sway.

—The oral examinations began on Wednesday, June 9th. They closed on Saturday, June 19th. At 4 P. M. on that day the students repaired to the chapel, where Rev. Father Devitt delivered a sermon upon the lesson to be learned at the conclusion of the year’s work. After the sermon the Te Deum was sung and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament given.

ACADEMY OF THE VISITATION

COMMENCEMENT.

The graduation exercises at the Acad- emy of the Visitation took place on Wednesday, June 23d.

We give a list of the principal awards, together with the programme of the exercises:

March—Two pianos—from Egmont, L. Van Beethoven—Misses Ida Ryan, Stella Divine, Virgie Bates and Susie Crawford

Chorus—“June Waltzes,” L. Milde. Grand symphony—C Major—“Quar-

tette,” Mozart. 1st Movement, “Alle- gro Vivace—Misses I. Ryan, S. Divine, A. Dwyer, S. Crawford.

Premiums—In the Senior Class of In- tellectual Philosophy and Belles Lettres, the First and Second Class of Rhetoric, Literature, History, Chemistry, Philo- sophy and Christian Doctrine.

Vocal duo—“Greeting,” Mendels- sohn—Misses M. Armstrong, A. Dwyer.

Vocal trio—“Vieni al Mar,” Gordi- j giani—Misses M. Armstrong, J. Moses, i S. Crawford.

Valse brilliante—Two pianos, eight hands, Moritz Moszkowski—Misses A. Dwyer, Kate Clark, S. Crawford, D. Phillips.

Premiums—In the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Classes of Grammar, Dictation, History, Geography, Chris- tian Doctrine, Reading and Orthog- raphy.

Vocal solo—“Ernani, involami,” Verdi—Miss Susie Crawford.

Piano duo—“Fantaisie Brilliante”— Oberon, C. M. V. Weber—Misses A. Dwyer and V. Bates.

Premiums—In Algebra, Geometry, Bookkeeping, Arithmetic and the Lan- guages.

Vocal duo—“L’Addio,” Donizetti— Misses D. Phillips and S. Crawford.

Vocal solo—Harp Accompaniment— “Ave Maria,” Gounod — Miss May Armstrong.

Harp—Miss Bertha Blanchard. Piano solo—“Ballade op. 47,”

Chopin—Miss Ida Ryan. Premiums—In Music, Painting, Draw-

ing, Plain and Fancy Needlework and Neatness and Order.

Vocal solo—“Sognai,” F. Schira— Miss B. Blanchard.

Vocal trio—Day is at last departing, Joachim Raff—Misses M. Armstrong, M. Malian and Kittie Allen.

Coronation ode—Chorus (Athalia), Mendelssohn.

Distribution of Medals. Farewell—Written by Miss May Fitz-

Simons and sung by Miss Jennie Moses.

n5

Grand march—Two pianos (Fidelio), L. Van Beethoven—Misses Ida Ryan, S. Divine, V. Bates and S. Crawford.

The Academic Honors, consisting of a crown and gold medal, were conferred in the First Class, on Misses Minna Clark, Marie Newman, Ida Ryan, Belle Lowry, Stella Divine, May Wright, Jennie Moses, Susie Randall and Ethel Ingalls.

In the Senior Circle a gold medal, the reward of polite deportment, was awarded to Miss Belle Lowry.

In the Junior Circle a silver medal was awarded to Miss Leila Lee.

Senior Classes. Graduating medals were conferred on

Misses Kate Clark, Lydia Waggaman, May Fitz-Simons.

Smior Class of Christian Doctrine. The gold medal—Miss May Fitz-

Simons. Premium—Miss Lydia Waggaman. Senior Class of. Intellectual Philosophy. Gold medal—Miss May Fitz-Simons. Pemium—Miss Kate Clark.

Senior Class of Belles Lettres. Premiums—Misses May Fitz-Simons,

Kate Clark. Senior Class of Ancient History.

Gold medal—Miss Kate Clark. Premium—Miss May Fitz-Simons.

Senior Class of Modern History. The gold medal—Miss May Fitz-

Simons. Premiums—Misses Kate Clark, Lydia

Waggaman. Senior Class of Natural Sciences.

The gold medal—Miss Kate Clark. Premiums—Misses May Fitz-Simons,

Lydia Waggaman. First Class of Christian Doctrine.

The gold medal—Miss May Wright. Premiums—Misses Marie Newman,

Ida Ryan, Stella Divine. First Class of Rhetoric, Literature and Com-

position. Premiums — Misses Jennie Moses,

Minna Clark, May Wright, Ethel Ingalls. First Class of Chemistry, Astronomy and Ge-

ology. Premiums—Misses Jennie Moses,

Marie Newman, Ida Ryan, Minna Clark. First Class of History, Geography, &-c. Premiums—Misses Marie Newman,

Jennie Moses, Ida Ryan, Minna Clark, May Wright, Belle Lowrv, Susie Ran- dall.

Medals were also awarded to Misses Rose Conway, Ida Ryan, Margaret Far- rell, Ray Smith.

Premiums were bestowed on Misses Maggie Malian, Ray Smith, Cora Gar- rity, Nancy Norton, Allie Hall, Annie Cutliff, Lizzie Lyon, Agnes Welder, Kate Russell, Rose Conway, Nellie Mizener, Cecilia King, May Seep, Bessie Banday, Kate Geary, Beatrice Chand-

II6 GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL.

ler, Kate Wall, Caroline Story, Emma Moses, Cecilia O’Donoghue, Ella May, Maggie Lydanne, Eva Russell, Helen Bowling, Maud Dowdney, Evie Ruther- ford, Marie Hall, Mary McCarthy, Anita Mercer, Kate Collins, Eliza Kercheval, Annie Hanlon, Mary Polk, Maggie McCarthy, Helen Murray, Lily Cropley, Florence Garrity, Mary Alex- ander, Alice Bunce, Katie Lydanne, Belle Lowry, Maggie O’Donoghue, Stella Divine, Alice Marston, Susie Randall, Mamie Stanton, Gertrude Foran, Mamie Gibbins, May Bowling, Grace Dammann, Annie Doores, Maud Tracy, Nellie King, Millie Hudson, Arnelie Ferguson, Jennie Moses, May Fitz-Simons, Kate Clark. Susie Craw- ford, Ida Garrity, Ada Jones, Fannie Phillips, Ida Ryan, May Wright, Phil- omena Stonestreet, Julia Pleasants, Kitty Allen, Mary Weakley, Maggie Hornibrook, Maud Allen, Mattie Tid- ball, May Loyd, May Armstrong, Julia Welder, Dolly Phillips, Maud Geary, Annie Speer, Leila Lee, Lulie Cropley, Laura Detweiler, Lydia Wag- gaman, Marie Newman, Haddie Gor- man, Kate Clark, Minna Clark, Virgie Bates, Mary Moran.

JUNIOR EXHIBITION.

The closing exercises of the Junior Department were held Monday, June 2ist. The following was the programme:

COMMENCEMENT OF

THE JUNIOR CLASSES, Monday, June 21, 1886.

Music. St. Gregory’s Guest—Charles M.

McNally. Extract from Hayne—Arthur John

Doyle. Stand and Wait—Charles Augustus

Eccleston. Music.

Hail to the Conquered—Charles Al- bert White.

Extract from Chatham—Ernest B. Smith.

Gladstone—Jerome Monheimer. Music.

Distribution of Honors. Music.

The following awards were made: Junior Classes. Second Grammar.

Premium James L. Martin, Va. Distinguished...Edward J. Sarpy, La.

F. Jos. Semmes, La. Honorably mentioned—

C. Albert White, D. C. John P. Sheehan, N. Y. A. Clifton Thompson, Ohio. Hugh Francis Monahan, Pa.

Excellence in English Composition. Premium ex tequo—

James L. Martin, Ya. William J. Treacy, ICy.

William L. Brent was promoted to this class during the year.

Third Grammar. Premium William R. Rogers, Pa.

Excellence in English Composition. Premium William R. Rogers, Pa.

Walter Adamson was promoted to this class during the year.

Algebra (Division A). ist Premium Fenwick Stewart, D. C. 2d Premium... .John P. Sheehan, N. Y. Distinguished... Arthur J. Doyle, Florida.

Edward Murphy, N. Y. Honorably mentioned—

Marshall Olds, Ohio. Algebra (Division B).

Premium Edward J. Sarpy, La. First Arithmetic.

1st Premium... Edward J. Sheehan, X. Y. 2d Premium Jefferson P. Chandler, D. C. Distinguished... James P. McNally, Pa.

Edward A. Drummond, Mass. William C. Shanley, N. J.

Honorably mentioned— Harry B. Kauffmann, D. C. Book-keeping.

1st Premium. ..James P. McNally, Pa. 2d Premium E. Bailey O’Keefe, Ont. Distinguished...James H. Power, Va.

Jefferson P. Chandler, D. C. Honorably mentioned—•

Edward J. Sheehan, N. Y. Harry C. Mathieu, Md. Second French.

1st Premium...,C. Albert White, D. C. 2d Premium.. ..Hugh Francis Monahan, Pa.

Thomas J. Lantry was promoted to this class during the year.

Third French. Premium ex sequo..A. Clifton Thompson, O.

William J. McGlusky, N. Y. Distinguished...William L Brent, Md.

Rupert D. Fergusson, D. C. Robert T. Devries, W. Va.

Christian Doctrine. Premium ex tequo—

Mariano Mora, N. Y. William J. Burns, Pa.

Distinguished...Edward J. Sarpy, La. James L. Martin, Va.

Honorably mentioned— John P. Sheehan, N. Y. F. Jos. Semmes, La

Elocution. Premium Ernest B. Smith, Va. Distinguished.. .C. Albert White, D. C.

Charles M. McNally, Pa.

Preparatory Classes. First Rudiments.

Premium Edward J. Sheehan, N. Y. Distinguished... James P. McNally, Pa. Honorably mentioned—

Harry C. Mathieu, Md. Excellence in English Composition.

Premium Ed. J. Sheehan, N. Y. M. M. Goldsmith, Fr. Lee, Robert O. Driscoll,

Herbert Bolan, Jos. G. O’Bryan, and Jeff'. Chandler were promoted to this class during the year.

Second Rudiments. Premium John L. Waggaman, D. C. Distinguished...Edward A. Drummond, Mass. Honorably mentioned—

Jerome Monheimer, D. C. Fred. W. Scullin, Mo.

Excellence in English Composition. rremium Jerome Monheimer, D. C. Distinguished ...Dwight G. Smith, Mo.

Ed. A. Drummond, Mass. Edmund H. Reardon, Mass- Henry L. McCullough, Pa. Fred. W. Scullin, Mo.

Second Arithmetic. 1st Premium. ...Frederick Lee, Pa. 2d “ Rob rt O. Driscoll, Texas.. Honorably mentioned—

Joseph G. O’Bryan, N. M. Third Arithmetic.

Premium . .Clias P. Mitchel, D. C. Distinguished....William F. Sands, D. C.

Catechism. Premium ex aequo—

Francis J. Blanchard, N. Y. James H. Power, Va.

Distinguished. ..Edward J. Sheehan, N. Y. Robert O. Driscoll, Tex. Harry C. Mathieu, Md. Dwight G. Smith, Mo. Edmund II. Reardon, Mass. Morgan M. Goldsmith, Md.

Music. Piano.

Premium C. Albert White, D. C. Distinguished....Michael R. Shanley, N. J. Honorably mentioned—

Harry C. Mathieu, Md. Mechanical Drawing.

Premium Anthony A. Siewerd, La. Distinguished....John E. McCarthy, I). C.

John V. Dahlgren, D. C.

—A piece of wire netting has been stretched along the fence at the east end of the infirmary garden, and a climbing vine is expected to make its home there. In the meantime the netting has the in- cidental disadvantage of keeping the small boy off the fence.

HELPS TO LITERATURE STUDY. 1. Outline Studies in Holmes, Bryant, Whittier,

their Poems. 32 pages. 10 cents 2. Outline Studies in the Poetry and Prose of James

Russell Lowell. 31 pages. 10 cents. 8. Ten Great Novels. Suggestions for Clubs and

Private Reading. 23 pages. 10 cents. 4. Selections from Robert Browning and others,

for Children, Teachers and Parents. 62 pages. 20 cents.

5. Unity Clubs. Suggestions for the formation of Study Classes in Literature. 21 pages. Scents.

The five pamphlets, post-paid, oO cents. Address CHAS. * H. KEKK & CO., 17S Dearborn St., Chicago.

gUMMER CLOTHING.

NEW GOODS,

Prices §10 to §35.

THE ENGLISPI “ TOP COATS.”

Light Weight. Very Stylish.

Prices §12 to §20.

E. B. BARNUM & CO.,

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CARD TO CIGARETTE SMOKERS.

Owing to the Persistent Attempt of numerous Cigarette Manufacturers to copy in part the BRAND NAME of the “ Richmond Straight Cut ” now in the Eleventh Year of their popularity, we think

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to caution the students to observe that our signature appears on every package of the Genuine Straight Cut Cigarettes.

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Telephone call through B. & O. Ticket Office, 391-2, and B. & O. Express Office, 381-3.

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QATHOLIC BOOKS.

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AU of tile Best Quality,

n8 GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL.

H ATS! HATS!

A LARGE ASSOBTMENT FOE MEN AND BOYS.

EVEEY YAEIETY AT LOW PEICES.

* CADEMY OF THE VISITATION, A B. V. M.

GEOEGETOWN, D. C.

W. F. SEYMOUR,

132 Bridge St., Georgetown, D. C.

JjlEELEY & COMPANY,

AET WOEKEES

T

IN

GOLD AND SILVEE,

195 Eddy Street, Providence, E. I.

Now in preparation Catalogue for ’86, with new designs, Chalices, Medals, etc.

'HE LARGEST AND FINEST

Assortment of

BOOKS AND STATIONEEY,

IN THE CITY.

J. D. FEEE, JE.,

1343 F Street. 709 Market Space

rjMIOMAS E. WAGGAMAN,

BEAL ESTATE AGENT AND

AUCTIONEEE,

917 F Street, Washington, D. 0.

This Institution was founded in 1799, and

rebuilt in 1873. It occupies a beautiful site

on the Heights of Georgetown, overlooking at

once the city of Washington and the lovely

water scenery of the Potomac. Attached to

the Academy are the pleasure grounds, em-

bracing an area of forty acres, which secure to

the pupils the advantage of a residence in the

country.

In the course of instruction are comprised

all the requisites of a refined and polished

education.

The Musical Department is under the

supervision of graduates from the conserva-

tories of Leipsic and Paris, while the facilities

for acquiring a knowledge of foreign languages

can hardly be surpassed.

For full particulars apply to the Institution

J MANOGUE,

MEECHANT TAILOB,

149 Bridge Street, Georgetown, D. C.

yyM. M. GALT & CO.,

FLOUE FLOUE FLOUE

AND

Wm. M. Galt. T. J. Mayer. 'R, L. Galt.

FEED FEED FEED

Wholesale Agents for

Ceres, the celebrated Minnesota Patent Pro- cess, Sterling, Minneola, Gilt Edge,

Eeliance, and Golden Hill.

Corner of Indiana Avenue and First Street, Washington, D. C.

0-) ^

Tip.. CfgCf Cb K Co.,

Co

close at 6 P. M. except Saturday.

H AEEIS HOUSE,

•—: EUROPEAN PLAN, :

Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C., Near 14th Street.

Booms, from $1.00 per Day. Suites, accord- ing to Location.

Special rates to Collegiates and their fami- lies. Cuisine perfect in all its details.

jyj W. GALT, BEO. & CO.,

1107 Pennsylvania Avenue,

Diamonds, Watches and Fine Jewelry,

Sterling Silverware,

Plated Tableware, Cutlery, &c.,

Gold, Silver and Nickel Watches,

Umbrellas, Leather Pocket Books,

Folios, Card Cases, &c.

Watch and Jewelry Bepairing.

Washington, D. C.

j^BANCIS MILLEE,

Dealer in French and American WINDOW GLASS, PAINTS OILS,

VARNISHES, BRUSHES, &C„

307 Ninth St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Agent for Averell Chemical Paint, and Pratt’s Astral Oil.

JjHNE BOOTS AND SHOES.

FULL LINE SLIPPERS, EUBBER GOODS, ETC.

COLLEGE TRADE SOLICITED.

W. S. WADDEY, 3112 M Street, Georgetown, D. C.

Q C. GEEEN,

BEAL ESTATE AND INSUBANCE AGENT.

MEMBER OP THE WASHINGTON STOCK EXCHANGE. AGENT OF THE LIFE

INSURANCE CO. OF VIRGINIA

AND VIRGINIA HOME FlRE INSURANCE CO.

OFFICE: Fireman’s Building, 7th and La. Ave., Washington, D. C.

TTIKGINIA MIDLAND EAILWAY Y TO THE

SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST. Pullman Sleeping Cars from Washington to

New Orleans without change. Pullman Sleeping Cars from Washington to

Augusta without change. For Tickets and Information call at

VIRGINIA MIDLAND OFFICE,

601 PennsylvairA Ave., Washington, D. C. N. MACDANIEL, Agent. M. SLAUGHTER, G. P. A.

TOS. & J. E. LIBBEY,

LUMBEE MEECHANTS, No. 3018 Water Street, Georgetown, D. C.

OLDEST ESTABLISHED LUMBER YARD

IN THE DISTRICT.

From our location we are at less expense, and can sell lower than any other yard in

the District.

RATIONAL BEASS WOEKS,

316, 318, 320 and 322 13th St., N. W., Washington. D. C.

THOMAS SOMEEVILLE & SONS, Dealers in

PLUMBERS’ SUPPLIES, AND MANUFACTURERS

OF ALL THE VARIOUS ARTICLES USED IN PLUMBING, STEAM AND GAS FITTING.

JAS. T. CLEMENTS,

UNDEBTAKEE AND DIEECTOE OF

FUNEEALS.

1237 Thirty-Second St., (70 High St,)

West Washington, D. C.

Everything first-class and at reasonable rates.

gAKS & COMPANY,

OUTFITTERS,

300 to 308 Seventh Street,

Washington, D. C.

CLOTHIEBS,

TAILORS,

HATTERS, and

FURNISHERS

IN RELIABLE GOODS.

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL. rtf

F a , GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, D. C. Foundedas a College 1789. Chartered as a University, by Act of Congress, March

ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT.

Faculty, 1885—1886.

REV. JAMES A. DOONAN, S. J., President and Treasurer.

REV. WILLIAM REYNOLDS COWARDIN, S. J., Vice-President and Prefect of Discipline.

REV. MICHAEL A. O’KANE, S. J.,

Prefect of Schools. REV. EDWARD I. DEVITT, S. J.,

Professor of Rational Philosophy (Senior).

REV. SAMUEL FRISBEE, S. J.,

Professor of Physics. REV. JAMES CURLEY, S. J.,

Director of the Observatory. REV. JOHN W. FOX, S. J.,

Professor of Chemistry. REV. EDWARD CONNOLLY. S. J.,

Professor of Rhetoric (Junior). ME. WILLIAM F. CLARK, S. J.,

Professor of Poetry (Sophomore).

ME. JOHN B. LAMB, S. J., Professor of the First Class of Grammar (Freshmanl

ME. THOMAS McLOUGHLIN, S. J., Professor of Mathematics. REV. JOHN A. JANSEN,

Teacher of German. ME. JOHN B. LAMB, S. J.,

Teacher of French. MR. PETER J. O’CARROLL, S. J.,

Prefect of Discipline, Junior Division.

PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT.

ME. WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, S. J., Teacher of the Second Grammar Class.

ME. JOSEPH A. GORMAN, S. J.,

Teacher of the Third Grammar Class And several other Teachers of Various Branches.

CLASSICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND PREPARATORY

COURSES. For Information apply to

THE REV. JAMES A. DOONAN, S. J.,

Georgetown College, D. C.

I, 1815.

g R. MALLORY,

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

Faculty, 1885—1886.

REV. JAMES A. DOONAN, S. J., President of Georgetown University.

JOSEPH TABER JOHNSON, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and of Gynoecology and

President of the Faculty. CARL H. A. KLEINSCHM1DT, M. D.,

Professor of Physiology.

J. W. H. LOVEJOY, M. D„ Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine,

and Dean of the Faculty.

, , M. G. ELLZEY, M. D„ Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology.

FRANK BAKER, M. D., Professor of Anatomy.

G. L. MAGRUDER, M. D , Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics.

JOHN B. HAMILTON, M D., Professor of Surgery.

SWAN M. BURNETT, M. D , Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology a’nd Otology.

J. F. HARTIGAN, M. D., Lecturer on Diseases of Children. ETHELBERT C. MORGAN, M. D.', Clinical Professor of Laryngology

J. W. BAYNE, M. D., Clinical Professor of Surgery.

EDWARD M. SCHAEFFER, M. D, Lecturer on the Microscope and Microscopical

Anatomy. LACHLAN TYLER,M. D.,

Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Curator of the Museum.

REGULAR COURSE From September 22,1885, to April 25,1886

LECTURES Delivered daily, Commencing at 5.30 P M

Excellent CLINICAL ADVANTAGES in the City Hospitals and Dispensaries.

MEDICAL COLLEGE BUILDING, Corner Tenth and E Streets, Washington, D. C.

For Information apply to J. W. H. LOVEJOY, M. D., DEAN,

No. 900 Twelfth Street, N. W.

FAW DEPARTMENT.

Faculty, 1885-’86.

REV. JAMES A. DOONAN, S. J., President of the University. ’’

CHAS. W. HOFFMAN, LL. D., Dean of the Faculty, and President of the Moot

Court. HON. WILLIAM M. MERRICK, LL. D.,

(SUPREME COURT, D. C.,) Lecturer on Common Law Pleading and Equity

Jurisprudence. HON. WM. A. RICHARDSON, LL. D.,

(U. S. COURT OF CLAIMS,)

Lecturer on Statutory and Administrative Law, and Legal Maxims.

MARTIN F. MORRIS. LL. D., Lecturer on Equity Pleading and Practice, and the

Law of Partnership, Corporations and Admiralty.

JAMES G. PAYNE, LL.D., Lecturer on the Law of Real Estate, the Law of

Evidence, and Criminal Law.

JOSEPH J. DARLINGTON, ESQ, Lecturer on the Law of Personal Property, Contracts

Negotiable Paper and Testamentary Law.

JOHN W. ROSS, ESQ., Lecturer on Torts and Common Law Practice, and

Judge of the Moot Court. SAMUEL M. YEATMAN, EsQ.,

Secretary and Treasurer, 410 5th Street, N. W.,

Washington, D. C. REV. JOHN W. FOX, S. J.,

Latin Instructor to the Law Students.

Lectures at 6 P. M., Monday, Wednesday and Friday for the Junior Course; every evening for the Senior and Post-Graduate.

The Class of Latin meets at 7.30 P. M.. on Tues- days and Saturdays.

Law Building, Corner of Sixth and F Streets, N. W.

For Prospectus apply to S. M. YEATMAN, Esq Georgetown College Law Building

Washington, D. C.

ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,

PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.

jJRSULINE ACADEMY,

EAST MORRISANIA, 150th St, New York.

The Scholastic year is divided into wo t essions.

Terms per session, including board,

tuition, washing, bedding and li-

brai'y

Music 30.00

QOAL! COAL! COAL! COAL!

The old reliable,

DANIEL LINKINS,

Dealer in

WOOD AND COAL. COAL AND WOOD.

2240 pounds to the ton.

Corner First and Market Streets,

Georgetown, D. C.

J^RED. STOHLMAN,

CONFECTIONERY, 1254 High Street, Georgetown, D. C.

Keeps always on hand a full assortment of blue Candies and Cakes, Ice Cream, etc.

Orders for Cakes or Ice Cream promptly delivered at the College. p 7

A. POOLE & CO, 1A • 937 Louisiana Ave., Washington, D. C.

COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN COUNTRY PRODUCE.

For Security Brilliancy of Light, and Cheapness use. our own brand of 150° Are test Oil, POTOMAC This is without doubt the BEST OIL FOR LAMPS now in use We have also a full line of Lubrieat- mg and Illuminating Oils; Turpentine, Linseed Lard, Sperm, and Neatsfoot Oils; Gas Oil for stoves; Axle Grease. Give us a call. We sell the Potomac Oil in bbls. and irom one to five gallon

937 Louisiana Ave, N. A. POOLE & CO,

Washington, D. C.

JJ C.EWALD,

BAKER AND CONFECTIONER.

ICE CREAM SALOON,

719 Seventh St, bet. G and H.

GEORGETOWN COLLEGE JOURNAL, x20

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. The Ti'iinl^ Line of the Uqifed 0tate0,

SHORT LINE TO THE NORTH AND EAST.

FOUR FAST EXPRESS TRAINS TO THE WEST

Pullman Buffet, Parlor and Sleeping Oars.

The Dining Cars are the Most Complete Struct- ures in the World.

Seven Splendidly Equipped Trains between Wash- ington and New York.

Fifteen Fast Trains between Washington and Baltimore.

For tickets and information apply at the 3ce of the Company, corner of Thirteenth street and Pennsylvania avenue, Baltimore & Potomac Railroad station, or to

^oheiT A. pai^e, Passenger Agent Southeastern District.

Telephone No. 886-6. *

R. H. TAYLOR,

B. ROBINSON.

T> ROBINSON & CO.,

W. L. CHERRY

FINE CLOTHING

AND FURNISHING GOODS

FOR

YOUNG MEN AND BOYS.

Washington, D. C. 909 Pennsylvania Avenue,

^yORTIt LOOKING AT,

OUR IMMENSE, WELL SELECTED,

ELEGANTLY MADE,

AND STYLISHLY CUT,

CLOTHING FOR MEN, BOYS AND CHILDREN.

WE CORDIALLY INVITE AN INSPECTION OF GOODS AND PRICES.

NOAH WALKER & CO., 625 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C

IMPORTER and

SHIRT-MAKER.

933 Pennsylvania Avenue. 933.

INTRODUCERS OF HEAD GEAR.

WILLETT & RUOFF, 905 Penn. Ave., Washington, D. C.,

HATTERS AND FURRIERS.

Sole agents for DUNLAP’S NEW YORK HATS

JJOTEL SOLARI,

EUROPEAN PLAN,

Pennsylvania Avenue,

(Near the Treasury Department,)

WASHINGTON, D. C.

O’ DONOGHUE,

DINNER PARTIES A SPECIALTY.

SOLARI BROS., PROPRIETORS.

JOSEPH Cl LLOTTS STEEL PENS

SOLD Br ALL DEALERSTHROUGHOUT IHE WORLD

GOLD MEDAL PARIS EXP0SITI0N-I87B.

J) H. STINEMETZ & SON,

JSgjT" 1237 Pennsylvania Avenue. 1237 “©a

SPECIALTIES:

Gentlemen’s Dress Hats from Knox & Youman’s, New York.

Fine Silk Umbrellas. Ladies’ Fine Furs.

J.J P. GILBERT,

ALL KINDS OF HARDWARE MACHINISTS and CONTRACTORS’

SUPPLIES and HARNESS.

1208 and 1210 Thirty-second Street, West Washington, D. C.

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Fine Family Groceries, Teas, Wines and

Liquors. Sole Proprietor of Celebrated Capi-

tola Cigars. 3218 M Street, West Washington, D. C.

3206 M STKEET

MORGAN HOUSE, HOTEL AND RESTAURANT

R. W. MORGAN & CO. R. W. MORGAN. J. R. LANG

H O. TOWLES’

FURNITURE WAREHOUSE,

Extensive Dealer in Latest Styles of

CABINET FURNITURE and BEDDING,

1007 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W., Washington, D. C.

(JHE LOSEKAM,

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN’S

RESTAURANT,

1323 F Street N. W., opposite the Ebbitt,

Washington, D. C.

WG. METZEROTT & CO., * (Established 1851.)

Sole Agents for Chickering & Sons, Hardman, Haines Bros.,

James & Holmstrom, C. C. Briggs & Co., Clough & Warren, Kimball & Shoninges, and other Pianos and Organs.

903 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.

(college journal. - georgetown university

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