college of life sciences general laboratory training for chemical and biological safety

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College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

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Page 1: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

College of Life Sciences

General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Page 2: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Training Requirements

Individuals using multiple chemical procedures or chemicals in a laboratory must receive:

General Laboratory Safety training Laboratory Safety Training specific to lab in use

Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687522

Page 3: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Training Requirements

General Safety Training Objectives

Awareness of government regulations Chemical handling and storage Biohazard handling and storage Disposal regulations College safety policies

Questions? Contact College Safety Officer 422-687533

Page 4: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Government Regulations

Page 5: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

OSHA Laboratory Standard

OSHA Laboratory Standard 29 CFR 1910.1450 requirements:

Limiting exposure to airborne contaminants Assessing exposure to regulated contaminants Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for all chemicals Training requirements for laboratory workers Medical consultation and exam Record keeping Content requirements for Chemical Hygiene Plans

Page 6: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Information on MSDS include:

Outline hazard information Describe physical and chemical properties Recommend precautions for handling, storage, and disposal

Always read MSDS before working with Chemicals

1. Supplier information2. Chemical name & CAS

number3. Physical & chemical

properties4. Physical hazards5. Health hazards6. Toxicity data

7. Storage & handling procedures

8. Emergency & first aid procedures

9. Disposal considerations10.Transportation information

Page 7: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Supplied by manufacturer Written and electronic versions available

No MSDS, contact manufacturer (see container label) No info on label, go online http://hazard.com/msds/

In lab all MSDS copies for chemicals maintained & available Written copies of highly toxic, explosive, or reactive

chemicals must be maintained in laboratory Online access to all others

If shipping chemicals must also ship MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Page 8: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

University Regulations

Page 9: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

General Laboratory Training from Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

Applies to all laboratories on campus using chemicals Explains how BYU is in compliance with OSHA laboratory

standard Includes Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) -- mandatory

practices Review CHP prior to working in laboratory using chemicals Access CHP http://lifesciences.byu.edu/safety/

ChemicalHygienePlan-1.pdf

Page 10: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Hazardous Materials Exposure

Hazardous materials include: Chemicals recognized to be harmful to

people Infectious biological agents Radioisotopes / ionizing radiation

emitted at harmful levels Chemical, biohazard, and radiation

waste

Hazardous materials enter the body via:

Inhalation* Skin absorption* Ingestion Injection

* Most common pathways for exposure

Page 11: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Methods to Control Hazardous Material Exposure

3 methods to minimize exposure:

1. Work Practice Controls2. Personal Protective Equipment3. Engineering Controls

Page 12: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Work Practice Controls: Lab

Reduce exposure duration, frequency, and severity to hazardous chemicals:

Adoption of SOPs Post hazard signs outside laboratory doors Post signs on computers, printers in lab if gloves necessary to

operate equipment Minimize exposure time when working with hazardous

materials Restrict access where hazardous materials used

- Isolate lab areas carcinogenic/reproductive hazardous chemicals

Wash hands when leaving lab Limit lab access to authorized individuals Keep doors close when lab not in use

Page 13: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Work Practice Controls: Lab

No children allowed Prior written approval needed for child between 12 -18 years

to enter No food consumption, storage in a refrigerator or freezer allowed No application of cosmetics including chap stick/lip balm No Pets allowed in the labs

Prior approval is needed for guide dogs

Avoid touching your face and nose while wearing gloves Avoid using your cell phone while wearing gloves

Report:1. Unusual occurrences2. Unknown people showing interest in

laboratory3. Ask who someone is, what doing in lab, if

you don’t know him/her 4. If someone doesn’t belong in lab, report

him/her to supervisor, the department, college safety coordinator, or University Police

Page 14: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Work Practice Controls: Clothing Requirements

DO NOTs No sandals or open-toed

shoes No loose or hanging

clothing No shorts Do not wear clothing that

exposes any skin other than your arms or face

DOs Use appropriate

personal protective equipment ( i.e gloves, lab coat, etc)

Increased hazards requires additional clothing

Wear clothing like fitted cotton shirts, long denim pants, closed toes shoes

Page 15: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment

1. Gloves: Latex and Nitrile NEVER WORN IN HALLWAYS OR ELEVATORS Compatible with chemical or process used Chemical compatibility and manufacturer information: http

://risk.byu.edu/safety/Gloves.php fit snuggly –no bagging at fingers or wrist Double gloving with radioisotopes, carcinogens, etc.

2. Splash Goggles and Face Shields Impact, chemical or UV protection Select the correct type for process being used

Page 16: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Necessary to prevent potential body injury or impairment

3. Lab Coat or Apron Protect against minor spills / splashes Removed before exiting lab

4. Respiratory Protection Highly toxic chemicals or biological hazards Special training and fit required Does not include surgical / dust masks

Page 17: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Engineering ControlsPhysical barriers minimize exposure, risk or injury

Controls can include: Chemical hoods

LRC video - “Using Chemical Hoods—A Laboratory Safety Test”

Biosafety cabinets (BSC) Radiation shields

Directional air ventilation Positive or negative

pressure Gas tank anchors

At 2/3 up (2nd at 1/3 if possible)

Biosafety cabinet Radiation shield

Gas tank anchors

Page 18: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Signs and Labels

Page 19: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

NFPA Hazard Warning System(National Fire Protection Association)The NFPA diamond gives general hazard information

Blue – Health Hazard Red – Flammability Yellow – Chemical Reactivity White – Special Hazard

W - water contact hazard BIO - biological hazard - radiation hazard

Rating system is from 0 to 4 0 - no hazard 4 - severe hazard (can be

lethal etc.)

NFPA ratings for specific chemicals found in MSDS or on most primary containers

Page 20: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Laboratory Hazard Signs

Laboratory hazard signs are provided for emergency responders Contact information General hazard information Created by lab supervisor

Page 21: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Container LabelingThere are two types of containers, each is labeled

differently:

Primary Containers:

Container shipped from manufacturer with manufacturer’s labelLabels on a primary container MUST NOT BE:

Removed Refaced Scribbled out / written

over Improperly labeled primary container

Correctly labeled primary

container

Page 22: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Container LabelingThere are two types of containers, each is labeled

differently:

Secondary Containers:

Container holds contents of a primary container and bears a label by the lab

If contents will be used immediately label is not needed

Labels on a Secondary Container MUST HAVE:

Content’s chemical name as on MSDS (non abbreviated)

Indication of relative hazards of contents i.e. flammable, reactive, oxidizer, corrosive, target organs, etc.

Improperly labeled secondary container

Correct label for secondary container

Page 23: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Chemical Storage

Page 24: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Chemical StorageStorage basics: Group by compatibility Store dry and liquid chemicals separately Store in accordance with temperature requirements Store flammable chemicals away from ignition sources (i.e.,

computers, hotplates, burners) Oxidizers should not be stored on combustible shelving or next

to organic chemicals (fuels) Shelving used for chemical storage must have a lip, rail, or

door Lip keeps chemicals from falling off shelves during

earthquakes Glass panel doors do not qualify

Page 25: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Chemical Storage

Improper Storage 1. Incompatible chemicals

together 2. Oxidizers and fuel sources

together3. Liquid and dry chemicals on

same shelf

Proper Storage

Page 26: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Liquid Chemical Storage

Liquid chemicals should be stored at or below shoulder level to minimize the potential for liquid spills.

Flammable Liquids: Store in a flammable liquids cabinet. Flammable liquids that require refrigeration must be stored in a fireproof refrigerator or freezer which does not contain any ignition sources.

Liquid Acid and Bases: Store in a corrosives cabinet. Within the cabinet, the acids and bases should be stored in separate plastic tubs or other compatible secondary container.

Page 27: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Just-In-Time Acquisition of Chemicals Get rid of all un-needed chemicals

Contact Chemicals Management at 422-6156 to get rid of old chemicals.

When ordering chemicals, only order the amount currently needed for that semester - don’t order excess.

Note: Some chemicals are more dangerous the longer they are stored (i.e. peroxide forming chemicals like ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran).

Benefits:

Minimization of accidents, fires, or other events. More efficient use of storage space. Lowered expense (consider - less inventory, storage facilities,

spill response measures and equipment, etc.)

Page 28: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

BioSafety

Page 29: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Principles of Biosafety

Lab Practices and Techniques: Knowledgeable supervisor Personnel

Aware of potential hazards Proficient in practices/techniques

Biosafety manual specific to lab Decontaminate work surfaces daily Always wash hands when leaving Restrict or limit access to the lab when working

Page 30: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Principles of Biosafety

Safety Equipment (Engineering Controls): Biosafety cabinets (BSCs)

Not the same as chemical hoods Certified for different organisms types (level 2 or

3) Personal protective clothing

Gloves Gowns

Pipetting devices – No mouth pipetting permitted. Safety centrifuge cups and rotors Eye and face protection BSL3 level only:

Respiratory protection Double door entry Directional inward airflow Single-pass air

Page 31: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Principles of BiosafetyBiosafety Levels 1-3 Biosafety Level 1 (BSL1): The basic level for agents that are not

known to be human pathogens in normal healthy humans. Examples used here at BYU: E. Coli K12 Level of most teaching labs in the College

Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2): Moderate-risk agents that cause human disease. These diseases are not usually fatal. Infection path is most commonly through ingestion or mucous membrane exposure. Examples used here at BYU: Staph, Strep A, E. Coli O157:H7 Some research and teaching labs

Biosafety Level 3 (BSL3): High-risk agents that have potential for serious and potentially lethal infections as a result of exposure by the inhalation route in humans. Most agents can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines. Examples used here at BYU: HIV

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL4): High-risk agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted infections which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which no known treatments are available.

Page 32: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Biosafety Level 1

Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment.

Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices Personal protective clothing:

Gloves, lab coats, eye protection Work is generally conducted on open bench tops using

standard microbiological practices Wash hands when done Wash work surfaces daily Limit lab access to authorized personnel Eating, drinking and applying cosmetics are prohibited

Examples: E. Coli K12, Varicella (Chicken Pox)

Page 33: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Biosafety Level 2Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. Includes various bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting

Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: Access to the lab is limited when work is being conducted.

Doors must be closed at all times Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items Biosafety cabinets (class II) for work with infectious agents

involving: Aerosols and splashes Large volumes High concentrations

Biosafety manual specific to lab Immunizations may be required by your Faculty mentor before

working in the lab

Examples: Measles virus, E. Coli O157:H7, Salmonellae, Hepatitis A, B, and C

Immunization or antibiotic treatment is available

Page 34: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Biosafety Level 3Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by the inhalation route.

Safety Equipment and Standard Safety Practices: BSL1 and 2 plus laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents

Separate, isolated zone with double door entry Directional inward airflow with signal-pass air Restricted access, always Criteria for entry (e.g. immunization) Biosafety cabinets class III Annual medical testing (e.g. TB skin test)

Know symptoms of pathogens you are working with in laboratory

Maintain lab entry log

Examples: M. tuberculosis, B. anthracis(anthrax), HIV. Infection serious, possibly lethal. Treatments or immunizations are available

Page 35: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Spills and Waste Disposal

Page 36: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Clean Release / SpillsWhat Can and Cannot be

Cleaned up Some chemical, biological, or radioisotope releases can be cleaned

up, whereas other releases create an emergency (evacuate). Laboratories must determine what can and cannot be cleaned up

should a release occur. Materials used to clean-up spills must be treated as hazardous

waste, placed in the proper container, labeled, and provided to Chemicals Management.

Do not place paper towels or other materials used for clean-up in the trash.

For help, contact Risk Management and Safety 422-4468, Chemicals Management 422-6156, or College Safety Coordinator 422-6875

Page 37: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Hazardous Releases / SpillsBE PREPARED

A spill kit, adequate with supplies needed to clean up materials that may spill, needs to be created and ready to use in the lab at all times.

A basic spill kit generally consists of: Spill Pillows Inert absorbent material (sand will usually work) Dust Pan & Broom Splash Goggles Pair of Chemical Resistant Nitrile Gloves Pair of Booties A Lab Apron Properly Labeled Waste Disposal Bags

Page 38: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Regulated Waste DisposalMost waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.

Chemical waste Aqueous Solid Other

Biohazardous waste Radioactive waste Sharps

In sharps container

only Other Wastes

Batteries Oil-bearing devices Circuit boards Aerosol cans

Chemicals Management will dispose of:

Chemicals Management can not dispose of: Mixed waste (any mix of the above wastes)

Page 39: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Regulated Waste DisposalMost waste generated in a laboratory qualifies as regulated waste which can not be disposed of in the normal trash.

Glass: Dispose in a sturdy cardboard box –not the trash Rinsed empty chemical bottles Large pieces of broken glass When full – seal tightly and mark broken glass for

custodians to remove If from acutely hazardous material it is managed as

hazardous waste

Contact Chemicals Management for waste storage containers and waste pickups at: 422-6156 or http://risk.byu.edu/environmental/Click on “Hazardous Waste Pickup”

Page 40: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Disposing of Chemical Waste

Use waste containers provided by Chemicals Management Label waste containers with the proper labels (those provided by

Chemicals Management) Have waste containers removed from the lab within 3 days of

being filled. Containers must be closed at all times except when adding or

removing waste. Incompatible wastes must be kept segregated.

Contact Chemicals Management (422-6156) for waste disposal

Page 41: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Disposing of Biohazardous WasteLiquid Biohazardous Waste: Autoclave or disinfect with bleach and

flush down the drain. Then disinfect the sink with additional bleach

Solid Biohazardous Waste: All waste should, except sharps, be double bagged before being disposed Must be packaged in either a red biohazard bag, or a bag

which is labeled as biohazardous and displays the biohazard symbol.

All Sharps are treated as a biohazard and should be disposed of in a sharps container separate from other biohazard waste.

All Petri dishes are treated as a biohazard, even if they are clean, and should be disposed in a biohazard bag. DO NOT PLACE IN THE NORMAL TRASH!

Low-risk biohazardous waste can be picked up by Chemicals Management. Request a biohazardous container.

High-risk biohazardous waste must be autoclaved and then received by Chemicals Management.

Animal remains or specimens must be frozen by the lab before disposal by Chemicals Management

Page 42: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Disposing of Radioactive Waste

All radioactive waste must be segregated by isotope Containers must be labeled with the isotope, the amount in

microcuries, the lab number, and the date. Liquids: Call Chemicals Management for more information Solids: Must contain NO liquid (including droplets)

Collect waste in clear plastic bags. Insure that the bags are labeled (see above) and closed before being received by Chemicals Management for disposal.

Radioactive sharps need to be separate from Biohazardous sharps. Do not use a red biohazard sharps container for radioactive sharps.

Page 43: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Other Safety Issues

Page 44: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Housekeeping

A well kept lab coincides with better research and a safe work environment

Keep carcinogenic and / or reproductive hazardous chemicals in a designated area to minimize exposure and contamination

Dispose of trash when it is generated. Prevent accumulation of waste

Don’t place empty bottles and other trip hazards in a walkway.

Keep chemicals and glassware away from the edge of counters.

Spills need to be cleaned up when generated.Good Housekeeping

Poor Housekeeping

Page 45: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Emergency EquipmentEyewash/ Shower

Suitable eyewash/shower stations must be immediately accessible and usable to lab personnel that are using chemicals that could injure the eyes/skin.

Rinse for 10-20 minutes Remove contacts (if present) while washing eyes Seek medical help as soon as possible

SuitableNot Suitable

Page 46: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

Specific Laboratory Training

Lab training must include: The physical and health hazards of the chemicals being

used in the laboratory How individuals can protect themselves while using

hazardous materials Which PPE is required for the lab How to detect a release of chemicals or biohazards What to do if a release occurs (clean-up or evacuate the

lab/building?)

Specific lab training provided by those in charge of the lab

Page 47: College of Life Sciences General Laboratory Training for Chemical and Biological Safety

End of Safety Training Document Your Training

Document and receive credit for your training by completing the General Life Sciences Laboratory Safety Test online. Log into blackboard

Quiz is located in the Life Sciences Safety and Compliance Organization

80% score needed to be pass If you have any questions please contact Rebecca Scholl,

Life Sciences Safety Coordinator (422-6875) [email protected]

Lab specific training must also be documented.