college prep winter break science packet
TRANSCRIPT
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
1/12
KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________
Physics DATE: _______________ _________
Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _________
FRICTION FOR FEBRUARY!
Purpose: This exploration is meant to be performed over the course of your college visits and over the February
Break. Remember that while you are on your college trip, you have more resources, like teachers and friends, tohelp you.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXPLORATION 1:
Hypothesis: How do you think the type of surface affects friction?
Procedure, Data & Results:
Slide on 4 different surfaces with the same footwear on (i.e. sliding on tile then concrete, wearing socks both times)
Sliding footwear: ____________________________. Why do you think we have to wear the same footwear for eachtrial?
Surface #1: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:
Surface #2: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:
Surface #3: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:
Surface #4: ___________________________________. Record your observations below:Conclusions:According to your observations, how does the type of surface you are sliding on affect friction? Compare
the surfaces against each other to support your answer.
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
2/12
KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________
Physics DATE: _______________ _________
Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXPLORATION 2:
Introduction:
There are two different types of friction that can act on two surfaces in contact with each other one forwhen an object is at rest and one for when an object is moving. Only one of them can affect an object at a time.
Static friction is the frictional force that results with an object that is at rest. For example, as you start to push a
desk across the classroom, the force acting against the desk beginning to move is static friction it acts in the
opposite direction as the force from the hands that are trying to push it. Kinetic friction is the frictional force that
results with an object that is moving. For example, as a student in a snow tube slides down a snowy hill, the
friction between the snow and the inflatable tube is the source of the kinetic friction.
Hypothesis: Is it easier to keep moving against friction or to start moving against friction? Explain your answer.
Procedure, Data & Results:
From rest, slide a chair across the room. Do several trials before you answer the questions below.o Describe how it felt to start moving the chair:o Describe how it felt immediately after the chair started moving:o Describe how it felt to continue moving the chair:o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:
From rest, a chair with a person sitting in it across the room.o Describe how it felt to start moving the chair:o Describe how it felt immediately after the chair started moving:o Describe how it felt to continue moving the chair:o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:
From rest, slide the bus down the street.o Describe how it felt to start moving the bus:o What force keeps the bus in place?o Describe the surfaces that are in contact with one another during this trial:
Conclusions:According to your data, explain if it is easier to keep moving against friction or to start moving against
friction. Compare your trials against each other to support your answer.
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
3/12
KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________
Physics DATE: _______________ _________
Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXPLORATION 3:
Introduction:
Friction is calculated using the following formulas on the Regents Reference Tables:
Equation In words
Ff= FN
Theforce of static or kinetic friction is equal to the static
or kinetic coefficient of friction, found in your Reference
Tables, multiplied by the normal force, the force pushing
back up on an object (for example, from the ground)
FN = Fg = mag
The normal force on a horizontal surface (on diagonals,
this equation gets more complicated) is equal in the
opposite direction to theforce of gravity, which is equal
to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration
due to gravity.
Neither of these equations uses the surface area of an object. Although it would seem like more surface area would
cause more friction, it does not. I repeat, FRICTION IS NOT AFFECTED BY SURFACE AREA. For example, two
basketball players weigh the same (in Newtons) and wear the same shoes on the court (same coefficient of friction
for the rubber on wood). Whether they have the same sized feet or different sized feet, the force of friction is the
SAME. Check out the example below:
Why did we go through all of that?.. Turn to the next page to find out.
Real Life Example Kobe vs. Ray Ray
Kobe Bryant Ray Allen
Team Lakers Celtics
Mass 93kg 93kg
Weight(Fg=mag)
(93kg)(9.81m/s2
) =912N
(93kg)(9.81m/s2
) =912N
FN 912N 912N
Shoe Surface Rubber Rubber
Playing surface Dry asphalt Dry asphalt
Coefficient of
Static Friction,
s
0.85 0.85
Shoe size 13 14
Static Friction
(Ff= FN)
(0.85)(912N) =
775N
(0.85)(912N) =
775Ndespite having different shoe sizes, their force of static
friction is the same, 775N.
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
4/12
KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________
Physics DATE: _______________ _________
Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _________
TASK: Now, design an experiment to verify that the surface area of two objects in contact does not affect
the force of friction.
Given Hypothesis:Surface area does not affect the force of friction
Procedure:
Below, write down how you will verify that surface area does not affect friction.
Data & Observations:Below, make a table to show what you experienced in each trial of your procedure. (For example, if you were
measuring if something was easier or more difficult, you would make a column for difficulty and take notes there.)
Conclusions:
Explain how your experimental procedure shows that surface area does not affect friction.
Extra credit: Include friction math to support your answer.
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
5/12
KIPP NYC College Prep: Ancora Imparo! NAME: __________________________
Physics DATE: _______________ _________
Ms. Paul & Ms. Kim PERIOD: _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EXPLORATION 4:
Now its time for some Regents Practice in your Physics Review book!
Read and annotate p30-31 in your book. On this page, work through problems 127, 129-132, 136-139, 141, 143-149
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
6/12
Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________
CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK
Your assignment during the break is to make sure that you have revised and updated all missing and incomplete
labs. This will walk you through how you can make sure that you are up to date on labs.
Check off each box as you complete each task.
Log on to PowerSchool Click the Y1 number next to chemistry. You should see a list of assignments from the entire year. Fill in the following chart based on the Lab Minutes category.
S= Turned in and received a 70 or higher. Lab minutes earned.
U= Turned in but received a score of 70 or lower. Lab minutes were not earned. Lab needs to be correctedand resubmitted.
M= Missing. Lab minutes were not earned.
Lab
#Lab Title S/U/M
Total Possible
MinutesMinutes Earned
1 Paper Chromatography Lab 130
2 Using Density to Identify an Unknown Metal 90
3Physical and Chemical Change of Household
Products50
4 Simulation of Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment 80
5 Average Atomic Mass of Candium 85
6 Radioactive Half-life of Candium 85
7 Flame Test Virtual Lab 85
8 Flame Test Lab 85
9 Molecular Modeling Lab 85
10 Types of Reaction Lab 85
11 Conservation of Mass Lab 85
12 Percent Composition Lab 85
Total lab minutes: ___________________/ 1030
Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOURresponsibility)
All labs can be accessed at: chemistrykippnyc.wikispaces.com
FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012
WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
7/12
Score: __/10
Name: _____________________________________________________ Period: ___ Due: Mon. 2/27/12Ms. Niewalds February 2012 Break Assignment
:Take Home Lab
Chicken Egg Dissection!
PROBLEM: How is the chicken egg adapted to support an embryo?
MATERIALS:Egg, Bowl, Spoon and fork
PROCEDURE:1. Obtain an egg, bowl, and spoon.2. Gently crack the egg crosswise on the side of the bowl. Separate the
two halves of the shell as you would to put an egg in the frying pan.
Allow the contents to drop into the bowl and be careful not to break
the yolk.
3. Examine the outside texture of the egg shell and record observations in table 1. Place it aside gently for later.4. Use Figure 1 as a guide and examine the internal structures of the egg. On the surface of the yolk is a small,
white, round dot. This dot is the germinal disk from which an embryo would form after fertilization. You may
need to use the spoon to gently move around the yolk until you find the germinal disk.
5. Find two dense, white, cordlike structures, these are the chalazae, which hold the yolk in place. Using the fork,gently pull on one of the chalazae and observe. Record your observations in table 1.
6. The white of the egg contains water and a protein called albumen. Notice that the egg white surrounds the yolkand is fairly thick.
7. Observe the yolk. The yolk contains fats, minerals, and vitamins. Touch the yolkgently with the spoon. Theyolk is surrounded by a membrane called the vitelline membrane. Record observations in table 1.
8. Back to the shell: examine the inside and the membranes attached to it. Try to locate an air space between themembranes and the shell. The chick uses the air in the air space only when it is ready to hatch.
9. In the space provided in Observation table 2, draw the egg you have examined. Label the albumen, yolk,chalazae, germinal disk, air space, shell membrane, vitelline membrane, and shell.
10.Clean up! Throw away the egg, wash the bowl and utensils with soap and water, and wash your hands. DATA & OBSERVATIONS:Table 1: Data & Observations of Chicken Egg Structure [3]
Texture of chicken egg shell
Observations of chalazae
Observations of yolk
Table 2: Chicken Egg [2]
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
8/12
POST-LAB QUESTIONS:
1. The diagram below represents a developing bird egg.
What is the primary function of this egg? [1] ______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the developing chick obtain nutrients? (Hint: Read the procedure)[1]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. In the developing human, there is no albumen or yolk serving a source of nutrients. How does thehuman embryo obtain nutrients for growth and development? [1]
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the passage below to answer questions 4-5.The embryonic development of an organism begins soon after the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm. During this
period of development, the embryo is protected and nourished by a set of surrounding membranes. As development
proceeds, all of the complex organs and tissues appear in a definite order.
It is difficult to study human embryological development because the embryo develops internally inside a
placenta. For this reason embryos that develop externally have been widely used in developmental studies. Because of
their availability, easily observed features, and similarity to mammalian embryo development, chick embryos are used
extensively.In order for a chick embryo to develop, the egg must first be fertilized by a sperm from a male chicken. Then
the egg is hatched and must be kept warm by the female chicken or placed in an incubator for 21 days. Eggs
purchased in the grocery store have not been fertilized or incubated.
1. Explain why it is easier to observe a chickens development than a humans development. [1]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Candling is a process by which egg processors look at an egg through a light source to determinewhether or not it has been fertilized. Why is the candling of chicken eggs important to egg
processors? [1] _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
9/12
Name: ____________________________________ Period: ________ Date: ___________________
KIPP NYC College Prep Honors Chemistry
WEEK BEFORE MID-WINTER BREAK: Chemistry Break Packet: 3rd Period
1. If C-14 has a half-life of 5730 years and anoriginal sample of 14.0 g, how many years
will pass before there is 1.75 g left?(1) 17190 years
(2) 5730 years(3) 1432.5 years
(4) 3 years
2. Which particles does the radioactive isotopeNi-63 emit?
(1) alpha
(2) beta(3) gamma
(4) positron
3. Which electron configuration could representan excited state of silicon?(1) 1-7-3
(2) 2-8-4
(3) 2-7-3
(4) 2-8-5
4. Which of the following compounds inGatorade is covalently bonded, only?
(1) NaCl
(2) NaNO3(3) C12H22O11
(4) K2SO4
5. The process of producing carbon is calledcrystallizationheat and pressure cause
carbon to form a covalently-bonded crystal.Which other example would be considered a
different type of crystallization, theseparation technique.
(1) passing sand and water through afilter
(2) evaporating a mixture of water
and salt
(3) heating two liquids that boil at
different temperatures(4) using chromatography paper to
separate a mixture
6. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula isC12H16N4O18?
(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18(3) C24H32N8O36
(4) CH8N4O3
7. Which substance can be decomposed by achemical change?
(1) Cr(2) Cu
(3) CO
(4) Co
8. Give the gram-formula mass for dihydrogen sulfide. [1]
9. Why does a chain reaction occur? [1] And why does it not occur in a uranium mine? [1]
10.Explain, in-terms of electrons, how the bonding in MgCl2 is different than the following: CCl4? [1]
11.What is the percent composition by mass of carbon in carbon dioxide? [1]
12.Explain, in-terms of electrons, why solid sodium is a good conductor of electricity, but solid sodiumchloride is not. [1]
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
10/12
Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________
CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK: HONORS
Your assignment during the break is to make sure that you have revised and updated all missing and incomplete
labs. This will walk you through how you can make sure that you are up to date on labs.
Check off each box as you complete each task.
Log on to PowerSchool Click the Y1 number next to chemistry. You should see a list of assignments from the entire year. Fill in the following chart based on the Lab Minutes category.
S= Turned in and received a 70 or higher. Lab minutes earned.
U= Turned in but received a score of 70 or lower. Lab minutes were not earned. Lab needs to be correctedand resubmitted.
M= Missing. Lab minutes were not earned.
Lab
#Lab Title S/U/M
Total Possible
MinutesMinutes Earned
1 Paris Hilton Dog 90
2 Using Density to Identify an Unknown Metal 90
3Physical and Chemical Change of Household
Products50
4 Simulation of Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment 80
5 Average Atomic Mass of Candium 85
6 Radioactive Half-life of Candium 85
7 Flame Test Lab 85
8 Molecular Modeling Lab 85
9 Molecular Modeling Advanced 85
10 ID of chem reactions/Conservation of Mass 85
Total lab minutes: ___________________/ 820
Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOUR
responsibility)
All labs can be accessed at: chemistrykippnyc.wikispaces.com
FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012
WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.
-
8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
11/12
Name: ____________________________________ Period: ________ Date: ___________________
KIPP NYC College Prep Honors Chemistry
WEEK BEFORE MID-WINTER BREAK: Chemistry Break Packet: 7th Period
1. An electron in an atom moves from theground state to an excited state when the
energy of the electron(1) decreases
(2) increases(3) remains the same
(4) fluctuates
2. Atomic bombs can produce gamma radiation.If U92
235 gives off gamma rays, what substance
will be produced?
(1) Th90231
(2) U92235
(3) Np93235
(4) Pa91235
3. The process of producing carbon is calledcrystallizationheat and pressure causecarbon to form a covalently-bonded crystal.
Which other example would be considered adifferent type of crystallization, the
separation technique.(1) passing sand and water through a
filter
(2) evaporating a mixture of water
and salt
(3) heating two liquids that boil at
different temperatures
(4) using chromatography paper toseparate a mixture
4. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula is
C12H16N4O18?(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18(3) C24H32N8O36
(4) CH8N4O3
5. Which substance can be decomposed by achemical change?
(1) Cr
(2) Cu(3) CO
(4) Co
6. Rank these products of radioactive decay inorder of increasing penetrating power.(1) positron, alpha, beta
(2) gamma, positron, alpha
(3) beta, alpha, gamma
(4) alpha, beta, gamma
7. What is the empirical formula fornitrocellulose if the molecular formula is
C12H16N4O18?(1) C6H8N2O9(2) C12H16N4O18
(3) C24H32N8O36(4) CH8N4O3
8. Write an excited state electron configuration for phosphorus. [1]
9. How many moles of Uranium were used in the bombing of Hiroshima if the bomb contained 855 g ofUranium? [1]
10.Determine the gram-formula mass of dihydrogen sulfide. [1]
11.After 55 days, how much Iodine-131 will remain from an original sample of 112 grams?
12.State one advantage of using nuclear power instead of burning fossil fuels. [1]Name: __________________________________ Pd: _______ Date: ___________________
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8/3/2019 College Prep Winter Break Science Packet
12/12
CHEMISTRY FEBRUARY BREAK HOMEWORK: HONORS
Your assignment during the break is to make sure that you have revised and updated all missing and incomplete
labs. This will walk you through how you can make sure that you are up to date on labs.
Check off each box as you complete each task.
Log on to PowerSchool Click the Y1 number next to chemistry. You should see a list of assignments from the entire year. Fill in the following chart based on the Lab Minutes category.
S= Turned in and received a 70 or higher. Lab minutes earned.
U= Turned in but received a score of 70 or lower. Lab minutes were not earned. Lab needs to be correctedand resubmitted.
M= Missing. Lab minutes were not earned.
Lab
#Lab Title S/U/M
Total Possible
MinutesMinutes Earned
1 Paris Hilton Dog 90
2 Using Density to Identify an Unknown Metal 90
3Physical and Chemical Change of Household
Products50
4 Simulation of Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment 80
5 Average Atomic Mass of Candium 85
6 Radioactive Half-life of Candium 85
7 Flame Test Lab 85
8 Molecular Modeling Lab 85
9 Molecular Modeling Advanced 85
10 ID of chem reactions/Conservation of Mass 85
Total lab minutes: ___________________/ 820
Look through your lab notebook and make necessary revisions to labs that did not get credit. All missinglabs need to completed. (If you need to call your lab partners for data for labs you have lost, that is YOURresponsibility)
All labs can be accessed at: chemistrykippnyc.wikispaces.com
FAILURE TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT BY 2/27/2012WILL RESULT IN MANDATORY SATURDAY SCHOOL.