collier mosquito control district 2012 … mosquito control district 2012 annual activities summary...

COLLIER MOSQUITO CONTROL DISTRICT

2012 ANNUAL ACTIVITIES SUMMARY

Collier Mosquito Control District

600 North RoadNaples, FL 34104

(239) 436-1000www.cmcd.org

Executive Director:

Frank W. Van Essen, Ph.D.

Board of Commissioners:

David H. Farmer, ChairJacquelyn D. Fresenius, Secretary

Robert D. Geroy, TreasurerLinda T. McDaniel

John F. Johnson

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message From the Executive Director • Message from the Chairman of the Board............................................................................1

Operations• Mosquito Activity................................................................................................................2• Mosquito-Borne Disease Activity..........................................................................................3• MapVision Activity..............................................................................................................3• Immokalee Office...............................................................................................................4• Live View GPS Tracking.......................................................................................................4

Aircraft Maintenance• Paint Booth Extension.........................................................................................................5• Rotor Blade Containers.......................................................................................................5

Research• Cage Comparison...............................................................................................................6• Resistance Testing.............................................................................................................7• Zenivex Drift.......................................................................................................................7

Public Information• Public Information Activities...............................................................................................8

Personnel• New Employees................................................................................................................10• Milestones.......................................................................................................................11• Congratulations................................................................................................................12• Dolores Addison’s Retirement............................................................................................12• Best Wishes.....................................................................................................................12

Administration• Finances..........................................................................................................................13

Professional Outreach.............................................................................................................17

The mosquito season started earlier than usual this year and the Collier Mosquito Control District (CMCD) began treatment missions in March. There was a very active salt marsh mosquito season early in the summer. However, in the middle of the summer, the weather was drier than usual and mosquito activity decreased. Then there was more rain than usual in late September and October and CMCD experienced a high level of mosquito activity. So, the season was quite variable in terms of mosquito population numbers.

Fortunately, the CMCD did not experience any mosquito-borne disease cases in humans this year even though there was significant West Nile virus activity in North Florida and elsewhere in the United States.

The employees were quite busy, as usual. I hope you find this account of our activities interesting.

12012 Annual Activities Summary

MESSAGE FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Frank Van Essen, Ph.D.Executive Director

Message from the Chairman of the Board

David H. Farmer, Chairman of the Board of

Commissioners

The 2012 mosquito season was marked by an outbreak of West Nile virus in many cities across America. However, I am proud to report that we did not have one case in Collier County during 2012. Our headquarters is located at the Naples Airport and educational tours of the facility are available upon request. In addition, CMCD has a comprehensive website with a wealth of information (www.cmcd.org). The dedicated and highly trained professionals here at CMCD work hard to make sure our program is successful and effective. We are here when you need us and are always eager to share information about the organization. The elected board of five commissioners also works hard for the District residents to make sure every dollar is spent wisely and efficiently.

http://www.cmcd.org

http://www.cmcd.org

2012 Annual Activities Summary 2

OPERATIONS

Mosquito population numbers varied considerably this year, as mentioned in the Executive Director’s message. As usual, these numbers are largely driven by rainfall patterns and tidal magnitudes. In Collier County, salt marsh mosquito activity usually begins early in the mosquito season, followed by activity from fresh water species later in the summer when water from rain events accumulates. That was the case again this year. Although there was a lull in the middle of the summer, activity picked up in September and October.

CMCD uses New Jersey Light Traps (NJLT) baited with octenol and CDC Traps baited with octenol and CO2 for surveillance. In some instances, very large numbers of mosquitoes were trapped, especially Culex nigripalpus. For example, in one CDC Trap, over 36,000 Cx. nigripalpus were collected in one night in September. What is even more surprising, in one NJLT, over 34,000 Cx. nigripalpus were trapped in one night in early October. There were several other collections of over 20,000 in one night in more than one location. Usually, CMCD collects larger numbers of Psorophora columbiae than Cx. nigripalpus, but this year it was the opposite.

Despite the large numbers of Culex collected, there was no evidence of West Nile virus circulation in the District.

Mosquito Activity



Mosquito-Borne Disease Activity

MapVision Activity

There were about 5,387 human cases of West Nile virus (WNv) in the United States this year with approximately 243 deaths. This is a large number compared to previous years. About 1/3 of the cases have occurred in Texas. There were 66 human cases of WNv in Florida, as of December 8. Most of these cases occurred in Duval County (Jacksonville) and several Panhandle counties. There was one human case in Hillsborough County (Tampa area). There was one Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) human case in Holmes County.

It was fortunate that no human cases of WNv or EEE occurred in Collier County this year. CMCD tested about 400 pools of mosquitoes using the RAMP test. All were negative.

RAMP test vials for WNv testing

The Collier Mosquito Control District continues to see a reduction in phone complaints as residents have the ability to register complaints online through MapVision. The charts below show a distinct difference in both complaints and MapVision website utilization for 2012 compared to 2011. However, utilization began to rise in September as late rain showers caused mosquito activity to pick up. This year the District also had fewer phone complaints. The CMCD logged only 716 phone complaints for the season compared to 1,026 complaint calls in 2011.

Nate Phillips collecting New Jersey Light Trap

Jon Morris performing larval surveillance

Since 2003, the Collier Mosquito Control District has been using GPS tracking systems on its larviciding trucks in order to provide office staff the ability to locate inspectors when they are traveling and send them information regarding possible mosquito complaints in their current area.

The original GeoTracker systems provided a real-time map display of the trucks as they moved that updated every 10 minutes. While this system was ideal and quite innovative at the time, technology has become much more enhanced in recent years.

This year, the District purchased 6 new Live Trac G5 GPS tracking systems for the larviciding trucks. The new systems provide up-to-the-minute real-time tracking via a special website hosted offsite. The Live Trac G5 uses multiple satellites to create a more detailed map compared to the GeoTracker system that shows street names and even aerial views that allow staff to see possible water retention areas, as well as sites to place surveillance traps. In addition, the Live Trac G5 has the capability of producing a variety of reports, from vehicle mileage to actual vehicle travel time.

In 2003, when the District first began utilizing GPS tracking on vehicles, the GeoTracker system purchased cost approximately $8,000 to install in all vehicles and about $3,000 annually for data transmission and $1,000 for the software. In comparison, the new Live Trac G5 only cost $449 for each truck (a total of 6). There is no software that is required because the data comes directly from a website and the cost for utilizing the site is about $3,500 annually, with much faster data transmission and far more functionality than what GeoTracker was capable of.

Live View GPS Tracking

Immokalee Office



Screen shot from Live View with LiveTracG5webbasedfleettracking

In order to perform efficient mosquito surveillance and control in the city of Immokalee, the District rents a hangar on the Immokalee Airport property to use as a satellite location for a full-time inspector during the mosquito season. However, the hangar was not equipped with an office type facility for daily operations. Therefore, the District rented a “pod” type of office that was transported to the Immokalee hangar and installed every year prior to the beginning of the mosquito season. The cost to rent this office was approximately $1,200 a year. The District had been renting the office space since 2008.

This year, District employees decided to build an office in the Immokalee hangar rather than renting office space on an annual basis, therefore saving the District money. In one week, District employees were able to build the new office for approximately $1,000. This office can be used indefinitely in the Immokalee hangar, and can be moved to another location if necessary.

Immokaleehangaroffice


AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

In order for the District to have the ability to paint large aircraft parts without having to send them offsite, the mechanics fabricated an extension to the existing paint booth in the hangar. The new extension allows the mechanics to paint aircraft parts with an air atomizer paint gun that they were unable to do before without the longer paint booth. In addition, the paint booth extension was designed to be removable so as not to compromise parking space for the District aircraft inside the hangar.

Paint Booth Extension

Rotor Blade ContainersRecently, the Lee County Sheriff’s office built a new facility that, among its many functions, serves as a storage site for aircraft during a hurricane (built to withstand a category 5 storm). The Lee County Sheriff’s department was gracious enough to offer space for the Collier Mosquito Control District to store some helicopters in case a storm comes near southwest Florida.

In order to make the offsite storage of our helicopters more efficient, the mechanics built storage containers for the helicopter’s main rotor blades. In the event of an approaching hurricane, some of the District helicopters can be transported to the Lee County facility. However, in order for the aircraft to be stored properly, the main rotor blades will need to be removed to accommodate high density storage. Lee county and other entities may also utilize the hangar for aircraft storage. Once the rotor blades are removed, they can be stored in the corresponding containers which are associated with each aircraft’s registration number for ease of storage and reassembly.

Paint booth extension

Mark Prince and Ralph Hall fabricating paint booth extension

Rotor blade container boxes

RESEARCH

During the 2012 mosquito season, the Research Department focused on three major projects: 1. Comparing a cylindrical adult mosquito exposure cage with the ring cage currently used by CMCD for testing the efficacy of adulticide operations. 2. Performing resistance testing of Culex mosquitoes with Zenivex in order to develop a diagnostic dose for future resistance monitoring. 3. Collecting drift data to improve the targeting of Zenivex applications.


Cage ComparisonOver the last several years, there have been discussions on developing a standardized adult mosquito exposure cage so that results from different researchers could be compared with some degree of confidence.

For CMCD, the decision was made to compare the mortality results of two cages. The first cage was the ring cage developed by CMCD. The second cage was a cylindrical design developed by personnel from Manatee County Mosquito Control.

During five routine aerial operations, a number of sample sites were set up with two cages of each type at each site. Following standard testing procedures, mosquito mortality was recorded for each cage type. The results of statistical analysis indicate

a statistical difference (P=< 0.001), with the CMCD ring cage having higher mortality than the cylinder cage.

Because the ring cage appears to produce higher mortality values under conditions found in Collier County, and for logistical reasons, the CMCD will continue to use the ring style cage for testing.

During the 2013 mosquito season, CMCD will test the impact of cage orientation related to wind direction on mosquito mortality.

Ring cage

Nate Phillips and Derrick Klein making cylindrical cages

Ring cage and cylindrical cage design hanging side by side

Resistance Testing

Zenivex Drift


With the District using Zenivex as an aerial adulticide against freshwater mosquitoes in the eastern portion of the District, it became necessary to develop a diagnostic dose, a dose two times the dose that kills 99.9% of the tested mosquitoes. This diagnostic dose is then routinely used to monitor for the development of resistance.

The bottle bioassay technique was used for this testing. Doses of Zenivex tested were 18, 9, 4.25, 2.125, and 1.0625 micrograms of Zenivex active ingredient per bottle. A total of six trials were completed using these doses. The data derived from these trials permitted the District to select a dose of 34 micrograms of Zenivex active ingredient per bottle as the diagnostic dose. This is the dose that will be used, starting in 2013, to monitor resistance in Culex mosquitoes in the eastern portion of the District.


When Zenivex was first regularly used by the CMCD in 2011, it was noted that Zenivex was drifting much further than Dibrom. In order to improve targeting with Zenivex, a number of trials were completed to collect drift data.

Caged mosquitoes were placed inside and downwind of the target area during several Zenivex applications. The testing procedures used were those routinely used by the District for testing the efficacy of adulticide operations. These procedures required the collection of the caged mosquitoes after the application had finished, the transfer of the mosquitoes to clean

holding cages, and the cages being placed in the District insectary with sugar water as food. Mortality of the mosquitoes was recorded 24 hours after the application.

Results this year confirmed those of last year, in that Zenivex was drifting farther than Dibrom. This extra drift distance required that the pilots increase the offset indicated by the GPS guidance system used in the aircraft. This was not the preferred way to ensure on-target applications, but was necessary considering the current level of knowledge.

Based on the pilots’ observations, and the data collected from mortality in exposed mosquitoes, modifications to the GPS guidance software were made at the end of the 2012 mosquito season. Applications made using the modifications will be studied next year in order to further refine targeting with Zenivex.

Dr. Jeff Stivers aspirating mosquitoes into bioassay bottles

Dr. Jeff Stivers aspirating mosquitoes into cages for Zenivex drift test


PUBLIC INFORMATION

The Collier Mosquito Control District (CMCD)

public information program is comprised of all

CMCD employees who participate in various

ways to communicate a clear message on

mosquito control services. CMCD personnel give

presentations to various groups, such as civic

organizations, home owners associations and

environmental groups. They also write articles

and conduct radio and television interviews.

Administrative staff provides key information

Gary Lytton, Director of the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and Frank Van Essen, Director of the CMCD, stand in front of a mosquito information

exhibit during Estuary Day

Adrian Salinas and Nate Phillips delivering insect repellent donated by the CMCD

to AMIKids located in the middle of the Everglades

Dr. Jeff Stivers discusses mosquito trap comparison research with Mrs. Linda T. McDaniel’s

Environmental class



through answering phone calls. Hundreds of

residents call annually with numerous inquiries

which can be challenging at times; however,

CMCD’s experienced staff strives to satisfy callers

with clear up-to-date details on various subjects,

such as aerial treatments. Lessons on mosquito

biology and concepts related to treatment activities,

such as dosage and concentration, are provided

to public schools to reinforce CMCD’s view on

mosquito control and the environment. Inspectors

have ample opportunity to speak to the public as

they check their areas of the district. At the annual Immokalee student fly-in, CMCD pilots, mechanics

and inspectors work together to show students the operation of the helicopters and airplanes and

how they control mosquitoes. During community events or CMCD facility tours, the Executive Director,

Director of Research and Director of Administration often take time from their busy day to share their

expertise. This year a mosquito surveillance YouTube video has been produced to show how mosquito

data is gathered and the significance of pretreatment mosquito information. The video has been

uploaded to the YouTube website and will be linked to the CMCD website.

According to Sidney J. Harris, “The two words ‘information’ and ‘communication’ are often used

interchangeably, but they signify quite different things. Information is giving out; communication is

getting through.”

Adrian Salinas lecturing during Rookery Bay “Brown Bag Lecture” series

Adrian Salinas participating in Reading Across America at Avalon Elementary School

Pilot, Chris Laidlaw-Bell, explains CMCD aerial operations during a facility tour

PERSONNEL


New Employees

Le’Ann ZieglerAccounts Payable Associate

Richard G. Ryan IIIInspector

Le’ Ann Ziegler and Richard Ryan were both hired as full-time employees this year. Le’ Ann, an Accounts Payable Associate, was hired October 1, and Richard Ryan, an Inspector, was hired June 25. Richard worked for the District as an Inspector previously and we’re happy to have him back.

Currently, 26 people are employed by the CMCD. The average tenure during the 2011-2012 fiscal year was 13 years of service. At year end, 17 employees were vested with either the investment or pension plan within the FRS.


Collier Mosquito Control District Milestones

Frank Van Essen25 years

Dennis Jones25 years

Vincent Checa25 years

Nick Klein20 years

Chris Laidlaw-Bell10 years

Jay Wilson5 years

Marin Brouillard5 years



Kelly Huff, Director of Operations, concluded his employment with the District in April of 2011 after 11.5 years. The District presented him with a resolution thanking him for his years of service. We wish Kelly the best of luck with his future endeavors.

After 27 years of employment with the Collier Mosquito Control District, Dolores Addison, Accounts Payable Specialist, has retired. We wish her all the best in the future.

Best Wishes

Congratulations

Dolores Addison’s Retirement

John AppezzatoDirector of Operations

Daniel WeeksChief Inspector

John Appezzato was promoted to Director of Operations after 27 years of service with the District, previously serving as the District’s Chief Inspector. Daniel Weeks was promoted from Inspector to Chief Inspector after 29 years of service. Congratulations to both of you on your promotions.

Dolores Addison receives a photo signed by all employees from Frank Van Essen

Frank Van Essen and Kelly Huff

ADMINISTRATION


During Fiscal Year (FY) 2011-2012, our highly qualified professionals at the Collier Mosquito Control District continued to balance excellent service with sound environmental stewardship, while protecting human health and safety and fostering the quality of life of the people in our community. After all, that is the primary purpose of the District. In addition, our ongoing commitment to controlling costs left the District at the end of the FY with no short-term debt and a balanced budget. The District, therefore, has adequate resources to fund ongoing operating requirements and future capital expenditures related to existing programs.

Revenue for fiscal year (FY) 2011-2012 was .0934 (9.34¢) per thousand of taxable property value, which was 6.62% above the rolled-back rate. Total proceeds for the FY were $5,297,896, which included income of $46,145 from aerial treatment outside of the District boundaries. Fiscal year expenditures were $5,537,692, an increase of approximately $150,000 from FY 2010-2011. The Five Year Revenue Comparison Chart indicates the past four years of revenue, and denotes the FY 2012-2013 projected income. As you can see from the chart, revenue will increase by approximately $946,000 in FY 2012-2013. The increase is primarily due to a heavy mosquito season in FY 2010-2011 which caused a significant depletion of chemical inventory at the end of that fiscal year. Consequently, during FY 2011-2012, the Board of Commissioners set a goal to carry over a minimum of 6,000 gallons of adulticide material at the end of each fiscal year. In order to achieve this goal during FY 2011-2012, a budget amendment was required in the chemical account. The increase in revenue for FY 2012-2013 should eliminate the problem going forward by ensuring that the chemical supply at the end of the FY is above the minimum established by the Board.

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$3,000,000

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$5,000,000

$6,000,000

$7,000,000

2008-20092009-2010 2010-2011 2011-20122012-2013

CMCD - Five Year Revenue Comparison

Ad Valorem Taxes/Rdmptn/State Dist Interest Earnings Sale Equip/Chgs Svcs/Ins

$5,1

82,1

58

$5,0

28,2

22

$5,0

15,2

74

$5,2

97,8

96

$6,2

43,6

12



As you can see from the Five Year Comparison of Reserves Chart, adequate funds are set aside each year to fully fund all of the District’s current and future obligations. The Reserve for Cash Balance to be Carried Forward was increased by $200,000 for FY 2012-2013, as that account represents three months of average expenses for the District. Other reserve fluctuations correlate to the short and long-term

goals of the District, which are set and reviewed by the District’s Board of Commissioners yearly.

The Ad Valorem Receipts/Millage Rates Chart is a ten year view of the District’s cash flow placed side by side with the yearly millage rate and ad valorem tax base. As you can see at the bottom of the chart, the tax base decreased for three fiscal years from 2009 through 2011, and are stable for FY 2012-2013. As stated earlier, expenses for the year increased about three percent due to the need to replenish adulticiding materials.

$0.00

$500,000.00

$1,000,000.00

$1,500,000.00

$2,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00

$3,000,000.00

Five Year Comparison of Reserves

Balance to Carry Forward Sick/Annual Leave AccrualSelf Insurance Future Capital Outlay



The employer contribution rates to the Florida Retirement System (FRS) increased slightly, in accordance with legislative directives, on July 1, 2012. Employees continue to contribute three percent of their paycheck to the FRS. The District, although not required to contribute toward its Other Post Employment Benefits (OPEB) liability, chose to make a discretionary payment to the CMCD IRC Section 115 Retiree Benefit Trust, on behalf of its retirees, in the amount of $150,000 during FY 2011-2012, to help offset its OPEB liability. Van Iwaarden Associates updated the actuarial valuation of the OPEB liability which was originally prepared in 2010; those figures can be viewed in the CMCD Basic Financial Statements, stated as of September 30, 2012.

Based on pre-established eligibility, employees may qualify to receive a payout for accrued sick and vacation time; this practice has reduced the long-term debt almost $217,000 over the five-year period depicted in the associated chart. (Please note that the debt reduction is calculated at the hourly rate during the year it was paid out – each subsequent year the hourly rate could increase, thus increasing the debt further.) The 2011-2012 long-term liability for accrued compensated absences is $272,924. The payout policy has an enormous positive response from employees and has certainly helped to keep morale high during these economically challenging years.

The District continues to participate in a high deductible, defined contribution health insurance plan that is offset by a personal health fund (PHF), which runs by calendar year. We are in the final year of a three year contract with Heritage Consultants, Inc., who administers this plan. Pan American Life Insurance is the reinsurance carrier. In order to contain costs, deductibles with the plan were increased at the beginning of the

calendar year. In January of 2011, employees began contributing toward dental and vision, which is now fully insured with Reliance Standard Insurance Company. In an effort to further reduce the cost of medical expenses, the District is changing its Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) in January 2013.

LarsonAllen, L.L.P., continues as independent auditors for the District. This is the final year of a five-year contract; however, there are renewal options for FY 2013 and 2014, should the Board of Commissioners decide to exercise them. The fieldwork for the Financial Statements has already been completed, and the final report will be available during the first quarter of calendar year 2013. Martin A. Redovan, C.P.A., continues to be the audit lead. F. Joseph McMackin, III, Esquire, with Bond, Schoeneck, and King, P.A., is the District’s council for legal matters. The Client Server, Inc., continues to partner with the District, providing 24/7 network system administration, Voice/IP telephones, consulting, and secure reliable

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$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

2007-2008 2009-2010 2011-2012

$286,196 $291,251 $273,536 $276,480 $272,924

$42,155 $40,500 $42,766 $46,103 $45,121

Five Year Comparison -- Accrued Compensated Absences

Long-Term To be Paid Within One Year

systems. In order to ensure stability and continuity during peak storm periods, the email server is now hosted off-site by a third-party vendor. This ensures that if the facility loses power, the community-at-large can send and receive pertinent mosquito control treatment information.

Tonya Torian, an independent contractor, provides project-based software consulting, supplying the District with data administration, customized development tools, and information retrieval solutions for existing software products. Exploritech, Inc., hosts and maintains the District’s website.

Property and building upkeep included resealing the asphalt in the parking lots, pressure testing the underground pipes at the facility, replacing one air-conditioning unit, installing a new fire pump relief valve and fire electrical panel at the hangar, and periodic inspections of equipment for preventative upkeep. Aircraft maintenance included routine annual inspections, one helicopter engine overhaul, replacement of two Skyvan fuel controls, and other miscellaneous component overhaul, to ensure airworthiness of the equipment. Aircraft time-sensitive service bulletin compliance was completed, as needed.

Fuel and chemical expenses increased approximately 6% during the year. The cost per gallon of jet fuel and vehicle gasoline increased an average of 2.4% and 6% respectively. The District larvicided 558 acres in 2010-2011 and 1,450 acres in 2011-2012, a 60% increase in acres larvicided. At the same time, adulticide treatment in 2011-2012 was 1,523,486 acres, a decrease of over 1,000,000 acres from 2010-2011. Carryover of adulticide material for use during the 2013 mosquito season was 6,239 gallons.

Capital expenditures included the purchase of two defibrillators, one for the office and one for the hangar, and a few replacement computers and tools. Depreciation expense for FY 2012 was $422,730, bringing the total accumulated depreciation to $7,675,293. The total value of the fixed assets equaled $9,412,159, a decrease of approximately $30,000 from FY 2011. Total net book value of the assets was $1,736,866.

2012 Annual Activities Summary


16

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$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

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2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013

CMCD - Five Year Expenditure Comparison

Personal Services Personal Svc. BenefitsOp Exp/Rental&Leases/Travel InsuranceRepair/Maint Printing/Promo/OfcSply/Mat'lGas/Oil/Chemicals Capital Outlay/Pr Yr Pymt

$5,722,535 $5,182,267

$5,384,485 $5,537,692

Budgeted $6,973,774

PROFESSIONAL OUTREACH


The CMCD staff continues to participate in local events in the community and interact with various organizations, both locally and in the mosquito control industry, in order to foster relationships and remain informed regarding mosquito control and public health.

Stacy Welch, Director of Administration, graduated from Leadership Collier. The goal of the nine-month program is for alumni to become active participants in advancing the community and making a positve contributiuon to Collier County.

Dr. Jeff Stivers was selected by the incoming FMCA president to serve as co-chair of the Legislative and Regulatory Committee. He also continues to serve as the Chair of the FMCA NPDES Committee.

This year both John Appezzato and Dr. Jeff Stivers attended the Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control Meeting. Dr. Jeff Stivers serves on the Research Selection Committee for the Council as well.

Both Dr. Frank Van Essen and Dr. Jeff Stivers attended The FMCA Tallahassee Legislative Days.

Commissioner David Farmer and Dr. Jeff Stivers represented the CMCD at The AMCA Washington Days.

Adrian Salinas continues to serve as the Chairman of the FMCA Public Education Committee.

Dr. Jeff Stivers taught two classes at the DODD Short Courses and also gave a presentation during the Director’s Caucus on NPDES.

Marin Brouillard continues to serve as the Circulation Editor for Wing Beats and has also been appointed Director of Advertising for the mosquito control publication.

Stacy Welch, Freddie Williams, and Elizabeth Groff attended the Administration Professionals: On a Journey of Self Discovery lecture series held by the FGCU Institute of Government.

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