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THE SILVER INSTITUTE LETTER

VOLUME VI, Number 3, March 1976

WINGED FERRY TO SHUTTLE

BETWEEN EARTH AND SPACE

Astronauts for the first test flights of the Space Shuttle . . . the vehicle that eventually willcommute among orbiting satellites, and between earth and space . . . have been named by

the U.S. National Space Administration (NASA).

Silver will be used in two functions that will provide Shuttle crews with pure water fordrinking, air conditioning, food preparation and other operations. Water wastes will be

recycled in Shuttle flight, and silver's first job will be to treat hydrogen-saturated watercoming from Shuttle fuel cells; this water will pass through a tubular device of palladium

and silver alloy; tube wails will be 10 mils (0.25 ram. or 0.01 in.) thick. Under pressure of

60 psi at a flow rate of 7 liters/hour, 85% of the hydrogen will diffuse out through the

palladium-silver tube walls and be vented in the space vacuum outside the tubes. Thedevice is made by Life Systems, Inc., 24755 High Point Rd. Cleveland, Ohio 44122.

From the silver-palladium tubes, water will flow to a purifying unit where silver will

perform its second task. Less than an ounce of silver bromide in a cylinder less than 20cm. (8 in.) long will eliminate bacteria, including Pseudomonas A and Type IIIA bacteria

in 15 minutes or more, NASA scientists report. By establishing 100 parts of silver in abillion parts of water as hygienic for drinking in the Shuttle, NASA eliminates the needfor the 1,000 to 1.500 ppb of chlorine generally used for purification. This compact,

efficient water purifier is the Advance Prototype Silver Ion Water Bactericide System,

made by Chemtric Inc., 9330 West Willams St., Rosemont, Illinois 60018. The unit willprovide Shuttle crews with 120 liters (32 gal.) of pure water daily for all uses within the

Shuttle and for backpacks when the astronauts work outside the vehicle in space;

eventually, astronauts will leave their Shuttles to provide maintenance to satellites while

they are in orbit; and to recapture scientific instruments in space, stow them in theShuttle's 60x15 ft. (18x5 meters) cargo bays, and return them to earth.

The basic value of the Shuttles is that each vehicle will make repeated launches from

earth and many cruises in space, carrying a payload each time. This will be cheaper thanthe cost of a big expendable launch vehicle for each job to be done.

The Shuttles are being made by the Space Division, Rockwell International, Downey,California 90241. The firm specifies silver for many other functions in the vehicles: a

five-kilogram (11 lbs. or 161 tr. oz.) sterling silver ring will serve as the seal in an oxygen

turbopump inducer in the main engine; silver bearings on cargo doors' hinges will

withstand the 760 C (1400 F) heat that will be experienced as the Shuttle re-enters

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earth's atmosphere; and silver will be used in electronic circuits. Why? Silver makes thebest seal because it's smooth, ductile, and resists deterioration from oxidation, chemicals

and extreme temperatures. It makes the best bearings because it has dry-lubricant

properties and diffuses heat. And it makes the best electronic circuits because it is an

excellent conductor, and switches slide reliably over the smooth, clean surface.

For more information on health hazards such as chlorine and other drinking water

contaminants please read through our "Health Topics" pages or review many of the

information sites listed on our research page.

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