ColombiaColombia

By Caleb HolawayBy Caleb Holaway

Flag Flag ofof Colombia Colombia

- The flag of Colombia features three bands, one yellow, one red, - The flag of Colombia features three bands, one yellow, one red, and one blue. The yellow in this flag stands for the gold in and one blue. The yellow in this flag stands for the gold in Colombia’s land, the blue stands for the seas on its shores, and Colombia’s land, the blue stands for the seas on its shores, and the red is symbolic for the blood spilled while Colombia was the red is symbolic for the blood spilled while Colombia was

gaining its independence.gaining its independence.

LocationLocation

- Colombia is located in Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. It neighbors Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.

Historical TimelineHistorical Timeline1538 1538 – ‘The New Kingdom of Granada’ was founded by Spain. It was – ‘The New Kingdom of Granada’ was founded by Spain. It was

located in present day Colombia.located in present day Colombia.

1700’s 1700’s – Spain put The New Kingdom of Granada along with the territories – Spain put The New Kingdom of Granada along with the territories now known as Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama into a new colony now known as Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama into a new colony known as the Viceroyalty of New Granada. known as the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

1810 1810 – The territories of the Viceroyalty of New Granada made their own – The territories of the Viceroyalty of New Granada made their own independent governments. independent governments.

1819 1819 – Simón Bolívar defeated Spanish Royalists at the Battle of Boyacá. – Simón Bolívar defeated Spanish Royalists at the Battle of Boyacá. The new nation ‘Gran Colombia’ was formed.The new nation ‘Gran Colombia’ was formed.

1829-1830 1829-1830 – Ecuador and Venezuela leave the Republic of Colombia, – Ecuador and Venezuela leave the Republic of Colombia, making them completely independent nations. making them completely independent nations.

1899-1902 1899-1902 – A Civil War (commonly known as The War of One-Thousand – A Civil War (commonly known as The War of One-Thousand Days) occurred. 120,000 people died.Days) occurred. 120,000 people died.

1903 1903 – With the help of the U.S., Panama seceded from Colombia and – With the help of the U.S., Panama seceded from Colombia and Panama gave the U.S. the land to build the Panama Canal.Panama gave the U.S. the land to build the Panama Canal.

1948 1948 – The assassination of Bogotá mayor Jorge Eliécer Gaitán set off riots – The assassination of Bogotá mayor Jorge Eliécer Gaitán set off riots which ignited a civil war in which 250,000 to 300,000 people deceased. which ignited a civil war in which 250,000 to 300,000 people deceased.

Historical Timeline ContinuedHistorical Timeline Continued

1978-20001978-2000 – Colombia’s government begins its intensive fight – Colombia’s government begins its intensive fight against drugs. Drug related violence begins growing rapidly in against drugs. Drug related violence begins growing rapidly in southern Colombia and not much progress is made.southern Colombia and not much progress is made.

2000 – 2000 – The U.S. government sends Colombia over $1 billion in The U.S. government sends Colombia over $1 billion in military supplies to fight the drug cartels.military supplies to fight the drug cartels.

20022002 – Government declares war zone in the southern region of – Government declares war zone in the southern region of Colombia after guerillas, men hired by the drug cartel to cause Colombia after guerillas, men hired by the drug cartel to cause violence, increase violence rapidly. violence, increase violence rapidly.

Present – Present – Progress is slowly but steadily being made against the Progress is slowly but steadily being made against the drug trade. drug trade.

Religion of ColombiaReligion of Colombia – –

90% Roman Catholic/ 10% Other90% Roman Catholic/ 10% Other

Type of Government Type of Government – –

Republic/ President – Juan Manuel SantosRepublic/ President – Juan Manuel Santos

Population Population ––45,239,07945,239,079

Famous Historical Figures of Famous Historical Figures of ColombiaColombia

Antonio Nariño (1795-1817) – Antonio Nariño (1795-1817) –

Antonio was a patriot of the Antonio was a patriot of the rebellion against Spain, starting rebellion against Spain, starting when he secretly passed out when he secretly passed out thousands of copies of the book thousands of copies of the book The Declaration of the Rights of The Declaration of the Rights of ManMan, a book which boosted the , a book which boosted the life of the rebellion against life of the rebellion against Spain. After being imprisoned, Spain. After being imprisoned, he escaped from prison, went to he escaped from prison, went to Europe and eventually returned Europe and eventually returned to Colombia. He has a province to Colombia. He has a province named after him and is named after him and is mentioned in the Colombian mentioned in the Colombian national anthem.national anthem.

Famous Historical Figures of Famous Historical Figures of ColombiaColombia

Francisco Jose de Paula Francisco Jose de Paula Santander (1792-1840) - Santander (1792-1840) -

This iconic Colombian was a This iconic Colombian was a military and political leader, best military and political leader, best known for his service from 1810-known for his service from 1810-1819. He served under Simón 1819. He served under Simón Bolívar and later became a Bolívar and later became a

president of Gran Colombia.president of Gran Colombia. Policarpa Salavarrieta (1795-1817) Policarpa Salavarrieta (1795-1817)

- -

Starting in 1817 when she snuck into Starting in 1817 when she snuck into the mainly Royalist city of Bogotá with the mainly Royalist city of Bogotá with forged passports, she very quickly forged passports, she very quickly became successful as a spy because became successful as a spy because she was virtually unknown in Bogotá, she was virtually unknown in Bogotá, as well as because she was a woman. as well as because she was a woman. She assisted the rebels in learning She assisted the rebels in learning information about the royalists plans, information about the royalists plans, but she was caught and executed on but she was caught and executed on November 14, 1817.November 14, 1817.

Famous Historical Figures of Famous Historical Figures of ColombiaColombia

José Antonio Galán (1749-José Antonio Galán (1749-1782) –1782) –

José was a native born José was a native born Colombian who participated in Colombian who participated in and partially led the and partially led the Insurreccíon de los Comuneros, Insurreccíon de los Comuneros, or the Insurrection of the or the Insurrection of the Villagers. In this protest, the Villagers. In this protest, the poor villagers as well as many poor villagers as well as many common people of the common people of the Viceroyalty of New Granada Viceroyalty of New Granada marched to protest increased marched to protest increased taxes on tobacco and high taxes on tobacco and high polling taxes introduced by polling taxes introduced by Spain. Like many others, he Spain. Like many others, he was executed for participating was executed for participating in this protest.in this protest.

Modern Day Famous Modern Day Famous ColombiansColombians

Camilo Villegas (Born 1982) –Camilo Villegas (Born 1982) – Born in Medellín, Colombia, Born in Medellín, Colombia, Camilo is one of the most famous Camilo is one of the most famous South American golfers. He has South American golfers. He has won the PGA golf tournament won the PGA golf tournament three times, the Japanese Golf three times, the Japanese Golf Tour once, and other major Tour once, and other major tournaments five times.tournaments five times.

Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (Born 1977) – (Born 1977) – Known as a rock and roll singer/ Known as a rock and roll singer/ belly dancer, Shakira is a world belly dancer, Shakira is a world renowned artist. She was born in renowned artist. She was born in Baranquilla, Colombia, and is now Baranquilla, Colombia, and is now touring. Her last record “Dónde touring. Her last record “Dónde Están los Landrones?” sold nearly Están los Landrones?” sold nearly seven million copies world wide!seven million copies world wide!

Modern Day Famous Modern Day Famous ColombiansColombians

Edward Niño Hernández Edward Niño Hernández (Born 1986) –(Born 1986) –

Born in Bogotá, Edward has Born in Bogotá, Edward has been made famous simply been made famous simply due to his height. At a due to his height. At a whopping 2 ft. 3 ½ inches, is whopping 2 ft. 3 ½ inches, is it really a surprise he is the it really a surprise he is the Guinness World Record Guinness World Record holder for the shortest man to holder for the shortest man to live?live? Carlos Jacanamijoy (Born 1964) Carlos Jacanamijoy (Born 1964)

– –

Carlos was born in Santiago, Carlos was born in Santiago, Putumayo, Colombia, and he is Putumayo, Colombia, and he is known as a modern-abstract artist. known as a modern-abstract artist. He has paintings in museums and He has paintings in museums and galleries throughout South America. galleries throughout South America.

Places to Visit in Places to Visit in Colombia Colombia

Santa Marta – Located between Santa Marta – Located between the snowcapped Sierra Nevada’s the snowcapped Sierra Nevada’s and the sands of beaches, Santa and the sands of beaches, Santa Marta has been called the most Marta has been called the most beautiful part of Colombia. It is beautiful part of Colombia. It is not only rich in view, but also not only rich in view, but also culture and tranquility. culture and tranquility.

Maloka Museum- This museum Maloka Museum- This museum in Bogotá showcases gold in Bogotá showcases gold statues and other things created statues and other things created by the Inca and Mayans.by the Inca and Mayans.

Zipaquira Salt Cathedral – This Zipaquira Salt Cathedral – This underground Roman Catholic underground Roman Catholic Cathedral is located directly Cathedral is located directly under the town of Zipaquira. It under the town of Zipaquira. It is amazing!is amazing!

Pictures of ColombiaPictures of Colombia

Major Cities of ColombiaMajor Cities of Colombia Bogotá – Capital of Colombia, founded in 1867 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada.Bogotá – Capital of Colombia, founded in 1867 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada.

Manizales – This Colombian city is best known for its coffee plantations, which Manizales – This Colombian city is best known for its coffee plantations, which are numerous. It is one of Colombia’s main coffee producers, and it’s located just are numerous. It is one of Colombia’s main coffee producers, and it’s located just North of the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis.North of the Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis.

Barranquilla – Located on the mouth of the Magdalena River on the Caribbean Barranquilla – Located on the mouth of the Magdalena River on the Caribbean Sea, this is one of Colombia’s major shipping ports of coffee throughout the Sea, this is one of Colombia’s major shipping ports of coffee throughout the country.country.

Cali – Being the third largest city in Colombia, it was founded in 1536 and has Cali – Being the third largest city in Colombia, it was founded in 1536 and has been rapidly growing since. Its population is currently 2,392,877 people. been rapidly growing since. Its population is currently 2,392,877 people.

Cartagena – This city is located on the Caribbean Sea and is quickly turning into Cartagena – This city is located on the Caribbean Sea and is quickly turning into a beach resort town. It has a population of 892,545 people and is rapidly a beach resort town. It has a population of 892,545 people and is rapidly growing.growing.

Ibagué – This town is the capital of the province of Tolima. It was founded in Ibagué – This town is the capital of the province of Tolima. It was founded in 1551 and was at one time the capital of New Granada. This city lies on the 1551 and was at one time the capital of New Granada. This city lies on the Andean Volcanic Belt and is in the vicinity of two active volcanoes. Andean Volcanic Belt and is in the vicinity of two active volcanoes.

Imports and ExportsImports and Exports

Imports includeImports include – Industrial – Industrial Equipment, Transportation Equipment, Transportation Equipment, Consumer Goods, Equipment, Consumer Goods, Chemicals, Paper Products, Fuel, Chemicals, Paper Products, Fuel, and Electricityand Electricity

Exports includeExports include – Petroleum, Coal, – Petroleum, Coal, Emeralds, Coffee, Nickel, Cut Emeralds, Coffee, Nickel, Cut Flowers, Bananas, ApparelFlowers, Bananas, Apparel

Popular Celebrations of Popular Celebrations of ColombiaColombia

Colombian Independence Day – July 20Colombian Independence Day – July 20thth

El Día de San Jose – March 19El Día de San Jose – March 19thth

El Día de la Batalla de Boyacá – August 7El Día de la Batalla de Boyacá – August 7thth

Inmaculada Concepción – December 8Inmaculada Concepción – December 8thth

La Navidad – December 25La Navidad – December 25thth

Día de los Santos – November 1Día de los Santos – November 1stst

Día de la Raza – October 12Día de la Raza – October 12thth

Día del Trabajador – May 1Día del Trabajador – May 1stst

¡Gracias!¡Gracias!