colonial america spanishfrenchenglishdutch. why did european countries explore? land=empire=power...
TRANSCRIPT
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Colonial Colonial AmericaAmerica
SpanishSpanish
FrenchFrench
EnglishEnglish
DutchDutch
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WHY DID EUROPEAN WHY DID EUROPEAN COUNTRIES EXPLORE?COUNTRIES EXPLORE?
• Land=Empire=Power• Gold=Money=Power• New markets and
materials=Money=Power• Political, Economical
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WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO WHY DID PEOPLE WANT TO EXPLORE?EXPLORE?
• Gold-they could get rich• Glory-they would become famous• Religion-they wanted to spread their
beliefs (Protestant vs. Catholic)• Spices-they wanted their food to
taste better
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Exploration, Exploration, Discovery and Discovery and
SettlementSettlement1492-17001492-1700
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North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Population: Estimated 10 million
Native Americans• Small Settlements: 300 people• Men: hunt, fished, made tools• Women: Grow crops• Others were Nomadic: Great Plains
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North American CulturesNorth American Cultures• Few large Societies• Pueblos: Southwest• Mississippian: Mississippi River• Iroquois: Great Lakes
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European and Native European and Native American interactionsAmerican interactions
• Hippocampus: Video Exchanges
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Spanish Empire Spanish Empire
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SPAINSPAIN• First country to explore• Conquered the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas• Interested in Raw Materials and Missionary
Work• Settled in Mexico, Central and South
America• Explored North America• First permanent settlement-St. Augustine,
FL (1565)
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Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus
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The French Empire The French Empire
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Jacques CartierJacques Cartier
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Saint Lawrence River Saint Lawrence River
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FranceFrance• Settled in Canada: St Lawrence River• Interested in the Fur Trade• Samuel De Champlain: Quebec• Joliet and Marquette:Mississippi River
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The Fur Trade The Fur Trade • Clothing made from deer, beaver and other animals
became fashionable in the 1600’s • Problem: Animals were hunted until near extinction.• Solution: New France. Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley.
HUGE SUPPLY • Fur Trade determined the shape of New France.
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Dutch EmpireDutch Empire
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Dutch EmpireDutch Empire• Henry Hudson: Explored Hudson
River New York.
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British Empire: The sun never British Empire: The sun never sets on the British Empire sets on the British Empire
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British Empire in North America British Empire in North America
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ENGLANDENGLAND• Explored only in North America• Interested in settlement• After defeat of the Spanish Armada-
become most powerful country in Europe
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Why North AmericaWhy North America• 1. Base to attack Spanish ships. Gold • 2. New Markets: Economy was depressed• 3. England was becoming too crowded. • 4. Find a Northwest Passage to Asia
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English ColoniesEnglish Colonies• Roanoke: The Lost Colony• Jamestown: Virginia • Puritan Colonies: • 1.Plymouth Colonies: Pilgrims • 2.Massachusetts Bay Colony:
Puritans
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How did the spread of English How did the spread of English settlements affect Native Americans?settlements affect Native Americans?
• It was a threat to their way of life. • Examples:• 1. Religion• 2. Land rights• 3. Food• 4. Disease
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Roanoke: The Lost ColonyRoanoke: The Lost Colony
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Roanoke Island Roanoke Island • Located at the outer banks of North Carolina. • First attempt at settlement in North America. • It failed: No one knows what happened to the
remaining settlers. • “Croatoan” carved into a tree was the only sign
left by the settlers.
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““Croatoan”Croatoan”
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What probably happenedWhat probably happened• The principal hypothesis is that they
dispersed and were absorbed by either the local Croatan or Hatteras Indians
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Jamestown Jamestown ColonyColony
16071607
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JamestownJamestown
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JamestownJamestown• Virginia Company: 1607 • Hardships: Indian attacks, famine
and disease (swampy area)• Search for gold instead of working. • Economic Survival: Tobacco
introduced by John Rolfe (Pocahontas)
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Tobacco and Labor forceTobacco and Labor force• A need for labor brought over indentured
servants. • Agreed to become a servant for 7 years in return
for a paid trip across the Atlantic. • 100,000 people came to America as indentured
servants. • 20 Africans arrived in 1619 • Both Slaves and Indentured Servants could be
lashed if they tried to runaway.
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Life in VirginiaLife in Virginia• Most villages were by rivers or
steams. • Farming of large fields or plantations. • Religion was not strictly practiced.• Hunting, Fishing, Farming. • Not everyone had slaves.
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Governing the ColonyGoverning the Colony• House of
Burgesses: • Representatives from
the colony• First instance of
limited self government in the English colonies.
•
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Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion • Led farmers against Native
Americans for farm land. • Turned on the Governor of
Virginia for not protecting colonists/farmers against large planters.
• Burned down Jamestown.• Problem: exposed sharp
contrast between poor and wealthy.
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Jamestown Adventure Jamestown Adventure • http://www.historyglobe.com/
jamestown/
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Hippocampus Hippocampus
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Puritan Puritan Colonies Colonies Plymouth and Plymouth and
Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay colonycolony
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Puritan ColoniesPuritan Colonies• Two colonies founded by religious
motivation (purify their church from Catholic influence).
• 1. Plymouth: • 2. Massachusetts Bay Colony• Both founded on John Calvin’s
protestant teachings.
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1. Plymouth Colony 1. Plymouth Colony
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Pilgrims Pilgrims • Separatist group that left England for
Virginia aboard the Mayflower and Speedwell.
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Pilgrim Dress Pilgrim Dress
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Mayflower IIMayflower II
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PilgrimsPilgrims• Mayflower
Compact: Agreement to obey all of the governments laws.
• Provided self government.
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Early Difficulties Early Difficulties • Landed in the winter.• Little food• No Housing • Over 100 die
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Native AmericansNative Americans• Squanto: showed the colonists how
to plant corn.• Thanksgiving: Feast in 1621.
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Hippocampus Hippocampus
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2. Massachusetts Bay 2. Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony
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Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay CompanyCompany
• Royal Charter: 1629• Leader: John Winthrop • Looking for religious freedom
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Puritans(not separatists) Puritans(not separatists) • Disliked the Church of England• Reform Protestant Church from within. • Liked to:• 1. study the Bible• 2. listen to sermons• 3. examine their lives and world for clues to Gods
will.
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Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials• Several young girls
claimed that the devil had taken control of them.
• 19 men and women executed.
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Hippocampus Hippocampus
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European Treatment of European Treatment of Native AmericansNative Americans
• Spanish: Conquer, rule and intermarry.
• English: occupied land and forced Native Americans inland.
• French: economic and military allies. • All nationalities viewed Native
Americans as inferiors who could be exploited.
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The Thirteen The Thirteen Colonies and Colonies and The British The British
EmpireEmpire1607-17501607-1750
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IntroIntro• Between 1607 Virginia and 1733
Georgia 13 distinctly different English colonies developed along the coast.
• Each colony had a tradition of independence and representative government.
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Types of ChartersTypes of Charters• A document granting special
privileges from the English King.• 1. Corporate: joint stock company• 2. Royal: under direct rule of the
king. • 3. Proprietary: under rule of an
individual who has ownership.
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13 Colonies13 Colonies
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New England ColoniesNew England Colonies• 1. Massachusetts• 2. Rhode Island• 3. Connecticut• 4. New Hampshire
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Development of New Development of New England Colonies England Colonies
• Strong religious convictions helped the Puritans establish both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• They were intolerant to anyone who questioned their religion.
• Result: Banishment from the colony
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Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Descents from the Massachusetts Bay Puritan Community Puritan Community
• Roger Williams: Providence Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson: Portsmouth Rhode Island.
• Thomas Hooker: Connecticut • John Wheelwright: New Hampshire
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King Philips WarKing Philips War• Conflict between Native Americans
and New England colonists that resulted in the killing of thousands.
• Result: New England colonists won, ending Native American resistance.
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The Middle The Middle Colonies Colonies
New York, Delaware, New New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania Jersey, Pennsylvania
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Middle Colonies Middle Colonies
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Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies• New York: 1664 Duke of York takes control
of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam and renames it New York.
• New Jersey: Duke of York turns New Jersey over to two friends. In 1702 the King of England joins both East and West Jersey.
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Middle Colonies Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania: William Penn was
granted the land by the King. “Holy Experiment” place to practice his Quaker beliefs: non-violent, tolerance of others.
• Delaware: Penn granted land to three counties to run independently.
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Southern Southern ColoniesColonies
Virginia, Maryland, Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia Carolina, Georgia
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Southern Colonies Southern Colonies
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Southern Colonies Southern Colonies • Maryland: Roman Catholic, Tobacco • Virginia: Tobacco• Carolinas: Split into North and South in 1712• South Carolina: Large rice plantations, need for
slave labor. • North Carolina: Small tobacco farms. Less slavery • Georgia: made up of criminals from England’s
overpopulated jails. Buffer State.
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Colonial Colonial Lifestyles and Lifestyles and
societysociety
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Colonial Family Colonial Family • Economic and Social center of
colonial life. • Men: landowners, voter, unlimited
power in the house. • Women: raised the family (8kids av),
educated them, worked by husband, had little legal or political rights.
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Colonial SocietyColonial Society• The English language and English
traditions were dominant. • Voters played an active role in
government• A degree of religious toleration could
be found in each colony. • It was possible for individuals to
better themselves.
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EconomyEconomy• New England: small farms, logging,
shipbuilding, fishing, rum distilling. • Middle: farming (wheat and corn),
iron making, trading• South: farming, rice, indigo, timber.
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Mercantilism and the Mercantilism and the Empire Empire
• A country should get as much gold and silver as possible. • Money=Power• England: Parent Country• 13 Colonies: Child • Colonies would harvest raw materials, send it back to
England. • England would sell the finished product back to the
Colonies for a profit. • Good? Bad?
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Education in the Colonies Education in the Colonies • New England Law: towns with more
than 50 people were required to establish a school. Tax funded
• Middle: church sponsored or private. • Southern: Tutors provide education
on the plantations. • Higher Education: Harvard 1636.
First college.
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Colonial ProfessionsColonial Professions• Ministers: had widespread respect. • Physicians: had no formal training. • Lawyers: A bar or board was
established to train lawyers.
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The institution The institution of slaveryof slavery
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Increased demand for Increased demand for slavesslaves
• Why?• 1. Decrease in the immigration rate
from England. • 2. Dependable work force.
Remember Bacon’s Rebellion.• 3. Cheap labor
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Slave LawsSlave Laws• 1641 Massachusetts: Africans would
be held in bondage for life. • 1661 Virginia: Children automatically
inherit their mothers slave status. • Results: Africans are viewed as social
inferiors (racism).
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Triangle of Trade Triangle of Trade
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Triangle of TradeTriangle of Trade• New England: Trade rum for slaves. • Africa: Slaves taken to West Indies
(middle passage) for sugar. • West Indies: Sugar taken back to
New England to make rum.
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Middle Passage Middle Passage • A slaves journey across the Atlantic
ocean. • It was the leg between Africa and the
West Indies.
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Middle Passage Middle Passage http://www.melfisher.org/exhibitions/
henriettamarie/middlepassage.htm
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Video: Middle PassageVideo: Middle Passage• http://
streaming.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm
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Great Awakening Great Awakening • Preacher: Jonathan Edwards• God was angry with human
sinfulness. Express penitence and you could be saved or eternal damnation.
• Revival designed to renew religious enthusiasm and political independence.
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Great Awakening Great Awakening • Political influence: make your own
religious decisions without relying on a minister.
• This was the first time the colonists shared a common experience.