colonial regions environment, culture, and government
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But first,…the Glorious Revolution
Even today England has elected representatives (the Parliament) and a monarchy: (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/Overview.aspx
While today’s monarchy has little governing power, the transfer of control to the Parliament was only finally assured in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
While trying to seize more power form the elected government and tighten control over the colonies, King James II was ousted off the throne and replaced with his daughter by the Parliament.
This power of democracy over monarchs will inspire the colonies.
3 Types of Colonial Governments Charter Colonies – established by groups of
settlers who had been given a charter, or grant of rights and privileges. These colonies elected their own governors and representatives.
Proprietary Colonies– rules by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land. Power shared between proprietor and colonists.
Royal Colonies – Britain directly rules these colonies. Governors were appointed by Parliament and did what Great Britain demanded.
Only white men who owned property had the right to vote
New EnglandEnvironment
Small Farms on Outskirts of Towns Very Short Growing Season Rocky Soil – Long Cold Winters Well-organized Towns Town’s center was a piece of land called ‘the
green’
PRODUCTS Subsistence Farming
producing just enough to meet the need of a family
Timber and Ship Building Supplies (Rope, Masts, Tar)
Dried Fish Rum and other
Manufactured Trade Goods
PEOPLE Puritans Protestants who
wanted to reform the Anglican or English Church from within.
Pilgrims separatist who broke away from the Anglican Church and who believed in working hard and following strict rules.
Merchants, Manufacturers, and Lawyers.
New EnglandCulture
Charters – Governor could not veto acts of legislature
Royal Charter – ruled directly by England
The Mayflower Compact
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
New EnglandGovernment
MassachusettsRoyal Charter
New HampshireRoyal Charter
ConnecticutCharter
Rhode IslandCharter
Middle ColoniesEnvironment
Large Farms and Cities.
Medium growing season and cold winters.
Many lakes and rivers for transportation.
PRODUCTS Called the Bread
Basket of the Colonies.
Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye.
Mining. Small-scale
manufacturing (iron works).
PEOPLE People from: England,
the Netherlands, France, Germany and Sweden (diversity).
Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews.
Middle ColoniesCulture
Proprietary – rule by proprietors
Religious Freedom and Tolerance
Freedom of the Press
Strong Courts
Middle ColoniesGovernment
New YorkRoyal Charter
PennsylvaniaProprietary
New JerseyRoyal Charter
DelawareProprietary
ENVIRONMENT Plantations. Long growing season
and fertile land. Warm for most of the
year.
PRODUCTS Farmed Tobacco,
Rice, Indigo, and Cotton.
Trade “cash crops” farmed on Plantations.
Purchased almost all their manufactured goods.
Southern ColoniesEnvironment & Culture
Southern Colonies
Culture
Anglicans English Plantation
Owners, Indentured Servants, Transported Criminals, and Slaves.
Royal and Proprietary Charters.
The House of Burgesses
Colonies run for the profit of the Joint-Stock Company or Proprietors.
Southern ColoniesGovernment Maryland
Proprietary
VirginiaRoyal Charter
North CarolinaRoyal Charter
South Carolina?
GeorgiaRoyal Charter
Triangular Trade A Triangular Shape
Trade Route Between the Colonies, West Indies, and West Africa.
From the West Indies, Colonists Traded for Sugar, Molasses, and Fruit (used to make rum).
Form West Africa, Colonists Would Trade Rum for African Slaves.
Merchant: A person who produces or trades goods (link: New England region).
Subsistence Farming: When a family grows only enough food to survive (link: New England region).
Diversity: Variety ( link: cultural diversity represented in the Middle Colonies).
Cash Crops: Crops that are grown in large amounts and sold for a profit (link: Middle and Southern regions).
Patroons: wealthy Dutch landowners in the colony of New Amsterdam now part of New York.
Colonial RegionsVocabulary
Indentured Servants: People who are brought to the colonies and must work to pay off the trip (link: colonial growth).
Overseers: Bosses hired to keep the slaves working hard (link: slavery).
Slaves: People captured in Africa and sold to plantation owners. The plantation owner saw them as property (link: southern economy).
Colonial RegionsVocabulary
England Starts to Tighten Control Over the Colonies
In the 16th & 17th centuries, European countries followed an economic theory called mercantilism – a view that a nation’s power depended on expanding its trade and increasing its gold supply.
To make certain only England benefited from trade with the colonies, in the 1650s Britain's Parliament passed a series of laws called the Navigation Acts that restricted the flow of goods in and out of the Colonies in favor of England.
The Navigation Acts To ensure that only England would enjoy the
wealth that could be squeezed from the Colonies, all trade was restricted in a series of laws called the Navigation Acts.
These laws required colonists to use only the more expensive English ships to send goods to England. In addition, colonists were ordered not to ship certain products to any other country except England. (colonists angry )
Many colonists responded to these laws by smuggling – sneaking goods in and out the country.
Family RolesMEN WOMEN
CookedMade butterPreserved foodSpun yarnSometimes held jobs (teachers, nurses, or maids)Single and widowed women could own property
Built barns, houses, and fencesHead of householdManaged farmInvolved in community affairs
Both
Worked in fields / Cared for children / Taught children farming task / Involved in decision-making in church
Ben Franklin Member of the PA assembly. Published Poor Richard’s
Almanac. Owned a newspaper Was a printer Founded University of
Pennsylvania Statesman-patriot Inventing the lighting rod,
bifocal lenses, a stove for heating
Founded hospital, fire department, and the first lending library
Growth of Faith vs. Science
Great Awakening Enlightenment
Religious movement in the 1730’s & 1740s.
Encouraged a return to the strong faith of earlier days
Led to the formation of many new churches
Preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
A social movement
Knowledge, reason, and science could improve society
John Locke