WARS WITH COLONIAL/AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT

Colonial Wars Pequot War 1637 – first serious armed

conflict between indigenous people and settlers. Cause: land Effect: Pequot tribe nearly wiped out.

King Philip’s War 1675-76 – war threatened much of New England. Wampanoag Indians v settlers. Cause: land Effect: Natives sold into slavery, Wampanoag’s had to adapt to survive; Colonist would take decades to recover from decrease in population.

Colonial Wars

French and Indian War – Cause: Leading up to this war, England and France had fought 3 wars due to mercantilist competition: King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, King George’s War. These wars began a land frenzy on the North American continent. Land claim disputes in the Ohio Valley area would spark the F&I war.

Colonial Wars

French and Indian War – Albany Congress; “Join or Die”; George Washington; Fort Duquesne; William Pitt; Battle of Quebec; Effects – France lost nearly all land in North America to British; “bad blood” between England and colonist; major debt for England

Pontiac’s War – Native Am. banned together to fight expansion of colonists; Proclamation of 1763

American Independence

Salutary neglect; Navigation Acts, taxes, Quartering Act; Intolerable Act; Sons of Liberty; Boston Massacre; Boston Tea Party

Washington’s goal – win by not losing Lexington/Concord; Bunker Hill;

Common Sense; Battle of New York; Valley Forge; Trenton and Princeton; Saratoga; Yorktown

Barbary Wars Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis –

Barbary States of North Africa Hijacking ships; demanding tributes to

trade in area; piracy which restricted American trade

Jefferson sent in Navy and Marines; “Millions for defense but not one red cent for tribute”; after War of 1812, America returned to area and forced the Barbary States into a treaty ending tribute payments.

War of 1812 US v Britain Causes: Impressment; British troops in

Ohio Valley; Non-Intercourse Act (once neutrality was respected trade would resume with Britain and France); War Hawks

US not prepared for war; patriotism soared Battle of New Orleans; Fort McHenry; Star

Spangled Banner; Effects: Spain signed Adams-Onis Treaty;

end of Federalist Party (Hartford Convention); end of British/Indian alliance

Mexican/American War 1846-1848 Cause: idea of Manifest Destiny; dispute

over borders of Mexico/USA; Texas War of Independence

Zachary Taylor; Robert E. Lee; Winfield Scott; Santa Anna; capture of Mexico City;

Treaty of Guadeloupe Hildalgo – US agreed to pay Mexico $15 million dollars for seizing what is now the American SW and California

Civil War

Causes: Slavery; tariffs; state’s rights SC first seceded when Lincoln elected Richmond becomes capital of the CSA

after skirmish at Fort Sumter, SC. Anaconda Plan; King Cotton Diplomacy George McClellan; U.S Grant; William T.

Sherman; Robert E. Lee; Stonewall Jackson

Civil War

South dominated the first years of the war.

Antietam – bloodiest one day battle in war; Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg – turning point of war; South would never attempt to invade North again; Gettysburg Address

Vicksburg; Atlanta; Appomattox Courthouse

Spanish-American War 1898 Causes: US looking to expand for new

markets; new territory gained would be colonies not states; end of the frontier; economic questions; “white man’s burden”; US coveted Cuba; yellow journalism; USS Maine

Theater of Operations – Cuba and Philippines

Joseph Pulitzer; William Randolph Hearst

Spanish-American War

President McKinley; Teddy Roosevelt; San Juan Hill; Manila Bay; Rough Riders

Effects: US gained Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines; helped to unite the US for the first time after Civil War; US seen as a legitimate world power

Wars with Native Americans 1800’s Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 - William

Henry Harrison then Governor of Indian Territory won a battle against the Shawnee Indians. The Prophet, brother of Shawnee Chief Tecumseh lead the attack for the Shawnee Indians.

Battle of Little Bighorn 1876 – Gen. Armstrong Custer and 250 soldiers were killed by Sioux warriors

Wars with Native Americans Battle of Wounded Knee (aka The

Massacre of Wounded Knee) 1890 – the US Army killed the final band of fighting Sioux; this effectively ended the plains Indian wars.

Seminole Wars (Indian Removal); Ute Wars (Mormons taking land); Sioux Wars (resisting settlers moving westward of the MS River)

Wars with Native Americans Apache Wars – Apache resistance to

reservation life; Geronimo, Cochise; most gave up in 1886; some fought until 1900

Nez Perce War – fought to keep their land in Oregon, Idaho and Montana; surrendered near the Canadian border