colonization: a permanent habitat for the colonization of mars
TRANSCRIPT
COLONIZATION
A PERMANENT HABITAT FOR THE
COLONIZATION OF MARS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Engineering Science (Research) in
Mechanical Engineering
B Y
M A T T H E W H E N D E R
T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F A D E L A I D E
S C H O O L O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
S U P E R V I S O R S – D R . G E R A L D S C H N E I D E R &
C O L I N H A N S E N
A u g u s t 2 0 0 9
APPENDIX A – MAPS OF MARS
This section includes labelled maps of Mars including names of locations and features. The figure below is a diagram indicating the global
location of each of the following maps. The maps have been created from Viking Orbiter photographs and coloured based on altitude
measured from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimiter (MOLA) instrument, blue the being lowest altitudes and white being the highest.
180°E (180°W)
190°E (170°W)
200°E (160°W)
210°E (150°W
)
220°E (1
40°W)
230°
E (130
°W)
240°
E (
120°
W)
250°
E (
110°
W)
26
0°E
(1
00
°W)
270°E (90°W)
28
0°E
(80
°W)
290°E (70°W
)
300°E (60°W
)
310°E (50°W)
320°E (40°W)
330°E (30°W)
340°E (20°W)
350°E (10°W)0°E (0°W)
10°E (350°W)
20°E (340°W)
30°E (330°W
)
40°E (3
20°W)
50°E
(310
°W)
60°E
(30
0°W
)
70°E
(29
0°W
)
80
°E (
28
0°W
)
90°E (270°W)
10
0°E
(26
0°W
)
110°E (250°W
)
120°E (240°W
)
130°E (230°W)
140°E (220°W)
150°E (210°W)
160°E (200°W)
170°E (190°W)
65°
70°
75°
80°
85°
85°
80°
75°
70°
65°
BO
R
E
A
L
I
SV
A
S
T
IT
AS
SC
AN
DI
A
CO
LL
ES
Korolev
O
LY
MP
IA
U N D AE
*
BO
R
E
A
L
I
SV
A
S
T
IT
AS
P L A N U M
B O R E U M
AbalosUndae
Hyperboreae
Undae
Hyperbore
us
Labyrinthus
Ru
pe
s
Tenu
is
Hyperborei
Cavi
Sevel
Inuvik
Lomonosov
Escorial
C
HASMA
BOREALE
Hyperboreae Undae
Tantalus Fossae
Alba Fossae
Abalos Colles*
S c a n d i a T h o l i *
Scandia Cavi*
Scandia Cavi*
Pa
nc
ha
i aR
up
es
*
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
S C A N D I A
C O L L E S
Milankovicv
L Y C U S S U L C I
Diacria
Patera
Cy
an
e
Fo
ss
ae
Cy
an
eFo
ss
ae
AC
HE
RO
N
FO
SS
AE A
CH
ER
ON
FO
SS
AE
E
R
E
B
U
S
M
O
N
T
E
S
A R C A D I A
P L A N I T I A
A M A Z O N I S
P L A N I T I AA
rc
ad
ia
Do
rs
a*
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
180°E(180°W) 185°E(175°W) 190°E(170°W) 195°E(165°W) 200°E(160°W)
205°E(155°W)
210°E(150°W)
215°E(145°W)
220°E(140°W)
225°E
(135°W)
230°E
(130°W)
235°E
(125°W)
240°E
(120°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°180°E (180°W)
185°E (175°W)
190°E (170 W)
195°E (165°W)200°E (160°W)
205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W)220°E (140°W)
225°E (135°W)
230°E (130°W)
235°E (125°W)
240°E (120°W)
Ru
bico
n
Va
l les
Ravius Val les
AL
BA
F
O
SS
AE
AL
BA
PA
TE
RA
Cer
auni
usC
aten
a
Alb
aC
aten
a
Cya
ne
Fo
ss
ae
Cya
ne
Ca
ten
a
CE
RA
UN
IU
S
FO
SS
AE
TA
NT
AL
US
FO
SS
AE
Lowbury
Cangwu
Reykholt
Woolgar
KisamboGandzani
Charlieu
Jampur
Ellsley
Nipigon
Barabashov
Timoshenko
Perepelkin
GonnusMons
Labeatis
Mons
PindusMons Catena
Baphyras
MA
RE
OT
I S F
OS
SA
E
T
E
M
P
E
F
O
S
S
A
E
A S C U R I S
P L A N U M
T E M P E
T E R R A
A
r tyn
ia
Ca
ten
a
P
hleg
etho
n
Cate
na
A
cher
on
Cat
ena Ta
naica
Mon
tes
T
an
ais
Fo
ssa
e
En
ipeu
s
V
a llis
Tr
act
us
Cate
na
Chatturat
Tan
t al u
s
F
l uc t u
s
Labeatis
Fossae
N
iloke
ra
s Scopulus
Handlová.
MA
RE
OT
I S F
OS
SA
E
Ayacucho.
Issedon P
ateraeIssedon Tholus
.
Tem
pe Colle
s
E. Mareotis
Tholus.
. N. Mareotis
Tholus
. W. Mareotis
Tholus
Atrax
Dorsum
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
240°E(120°W) 245°E(115°W) 250°E(110°W) 255°E(105°W) 260°E(100°W)
265°E(95°W)
270°E(90°W)
275°E(85°W)
280°E(80°W)
285°E(75°W)
290°E
(70°W)
295°E
(65°W)
300°E
(60°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°240°E (120°W)
245°E (115°W)
250°E (110°W)
255°E (105°W)260°E (100°W)
265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W)280°E (80°W)
285°E (75°W)
290°E (70°W)
295°E (65°W)
300°E (60°W)
300°E(60°W) 305°E(55°W) 310°E(50°W) 315°E(45°W) 320°E(40°W)
325°E(35°W)
330°E(30°W)
335°E(25°W)
340°E(20°W)
345°E(15°W)
350°E
(10°W)
355°E
(5°W)
360°E
(0°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°300°E (60°W)
305°E (55°W)
310°E (50°W)
315°E (45°W)320°E (40°W)
325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W)340°E (20°W)
345°E (15°W)
350°E (10°W)
355°E (5°W)
360°E (0°W)
Kunowsky
Lomonosov
Sytinskaya
Lagarto
Eagle
MohawkYakima
Bamburg
Sklodowska
Dein
Freedom
Apt
Lota
Elath
Arandas
Bonestell
A R A B I A
T E R R A
T E MP E
T E R R A
Nilokeras
Scopulus
N i l o k e r a s
M e n s a e
A c i da l i
a
Me n s a e
Ac i d
a l ia
Co l l
e s
Mareotis Fossae
Tempe Fossae
Tempe Fossae
Garm
Gol
Can
Cray
Faith
Jen
Tem'
Eil.
Vils
C
yd
on
ia
Me
ns
ae
Chom . .
...
CruzGwash
Lutsk
Gaan
Esk.
. Wer
Hope
LandLaf
C H R Y S E P L A N I T I A
A C I D A L I A
P L A N I T I A
Cydonia
Colle
s* C
ydonia
L
abyr
inth
us*
Ortygia Colles*
Xa
nt h
e
D
or
sa
*
..
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
0°E(360°W) 5°E(355°W) 10°E(350°W) 15°E(345°W) 20°E(340°W)
25°E(335°W)
30°E(330°W)
35°E(325°W)
40°E(320°W)
45°E(315°W)
50°E
(310°W)
55°E
(305°W)
60°E
(300°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°0°E (360°W)
5°E (355°W)
10°E (350°W)
15 E (345°W)20°E (340°W)
25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W)40°E (320°W)
45°E (315°W)
50°E (310°W)
55°E (305°W)
60°E (300°W)
D e u t e r o n i l u s M e n s a e
Deuteronilus
Colles
MA
ME
RS
V
AL
LE
S
Focas
C e r u l l i
Semeykin
L y o t
M o r e u x
R u d a u x
Q u e n i s s e t
P r o t o n i l u s M e n s a e
Coloe Fossae
I s m e n i a e
F o s s a e
A C I D A L I A
P L A N I T I A
Colles
Nil i
An
io
Va
lles
C
lasi
a
Vallis
Hypsa
sVal
lisClanisValles
A R A B I A T E R R A
T E R R A
S A B A E A
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
60°E(300°W) 65°E(295°W) 70°E(290°W) 75°E(285°W) 80°E(280°W)
85°E(275°W)
90°E(270°W)
95°E(265°W)
100°E(260°W)
105°E
(255°W)
110 E
(250°W)
115°E
(245°W)
120°E
(240°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°60°E (300°W)
65°E (295°W)
70°E (290°W)
75°E (285°W)80°E (280°W)
85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W) 95°E (265°W)100°E (260°W)
105°E (255°W)
110 E (250°W)
115°E (245°W)
120°E (240°W)
U T O P I A
P L A N I T I AVivero
Pyram
us
Fossae
Renaudot
C o l l e s N i l i
NI
LO
SY
RT
IS
M
EN
SA
E
Auqakuh
Val l is
AS
TA
PU
S C
OL
LE
S
Nier
ColoeFossae
Huo
Hsin
g V
al l is
AD
AM
AS
LA
BY
RI N
TH
US
T E R R A
S A B A E A
Ut o
pi a
Ru
pe
s *
Cy
dn
usRu
pe
s*
H e p h a e s t u sR u p e s *
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
120°E(240°W) 125°E(235°W) 130°E(230°W) 135°E(225°W) 140°E(220°W)
145°E(215°W)
150°E(210°W)
155°E(205°W)
160°E(200°W)
165°E
(195°W)
170°E
(190°W)
175°E
(185°W)
180°E
(180°W)65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°
65°
60°
55°
50°
45°
40°
35°
30°120°E (240°W)
125°E (235°W)
130°E (230°W)
135°E (225°W)140°E (220°W)
145 E (215° W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W)160°E (200°W)
165°E (195°W)
170°E (190°W)
175°E (185°W)
180°E (180°W)
Stokes
Bulhar
Umatac
Loja
Adams
Tyndall
Kumara
Chincoteague
Kufra
M i e
Galaxias
Fossae
Ga l a x i a s F o s s a e
GalaxiasMons
Trebia
Valles
H e c a t e s
T h o l u s
BuvindaV
allis
Granicus V
alles
Granicus
Valles
AR
CA
DI A
P L A NI T I A
Ph
le
gr
a
M
on
te
s
A
es
ac
us
D
or s u m
Styx
Dor
sum
Galaxias Chaos
G a l a x i a s F l u c t u s_
Ga l a
x i as
Co l l
e s
Krasnoye
Fenagh
Irharen
Ocampo
H r a d Va
l lis
H r a d Va
l l i s
Ap
sus V
allis
Ti n
j ar
Va
ll
es
Mendota
Leleque
CorbyRaub
Bhor
Nain
OrindaRynok
Naju
Achar
Keul'
Ston
Tsau
Rimac
Hit-
+
Viking 2 Landing Site
. Goldstone
.Volgograd
.Kaliningrad . Madrid
.Houston
. Tsukuba
. Kagoshima
. Canaveral
.Evpatoriya
.Hamaguir
.Woomera
.Johannesburg . Jodrell
. Canberra
.Baykonyr
... Wallops
Kourou
Hsuanch'eng-
Pa
nc
ha
i a
Ru
pe
s*
Ph
le
gr
a
D
or
sa
*
Ph
le
gr
a
D
or
sa
*
C y d n u s
R u p e s *
.
.
.
P
hl
eg
ra
Mo
nt
es
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
180°E (180°W)
25°
30°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)
180°E (180°W) 185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
Pettit
Nicholson
Ma
rt
e
V
al l
i s
Go
r di i D
or s u
m
Eu
me
ni d
es D
or s u
m
Oly
mp
us
Ru
pe
s
OLYMPUS
MONS
LYCUS
S
ULCI
LYCUS SULCI
A M A Z O N I S
P L A N I T I A
T a r t a r u s
C o l l e s *
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
225°E (135°W)
25°
30°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°225°E (135°W) 230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)
Lycus
Sulci
Pav
onis
S
ulci
Cyane Sulci
Olympus
Olympus
Rupes
Rup
es
Sulci
Gordii
Sulci
Gordii
Gigas
Sulci
OLYMPUSMONS
Biblis Patera
UlyssesPatera
UraniusTholus
UraniusPatera
CerauniusTholus
TharsisTholus
PavonisFossae
Pavonis
Chasma
PAVONIS MONS
ASCRAEUS MONS
THARSI
S
MO
NTE
S
Ascra
eus
AscraeusMensa
Poynting
Olympica
Cya
ne
Fossae
Fo
ssae
Jovi
s
F
oss
ae
JovisTholus
Tra
ctu
s
Tra
ctu
s
Fo
ssa
e
Labeatis Fossae
LabeatisLabeatis
Catenae
Ura
niu
s
Fo
ssa
e
Fossae
For
tuna
F
ossa
e
Ca
ten
a
Rhabon VallesParos
Chasm
ata
H
alex
F
oss
ae
Cya
ne
Fossae
Cer
auni
us
Fos
sae
Ceraunius
Fossae
Rahe
Asc
raeu
s S
ul
ci
Gig
as
Fossae
Gordii Fossae
Gordii Fossae
Gor
dii F
ossa
e
Uly
sse
s
Fo
ssa
e
.
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
270°E (90°W)
25°
30°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
275°E (85°W) 280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W)
270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W) 280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
Labeat is
Fossae
Labea
tis
Men
sa
Nilus
Chaos
Sa c r a
Su l c
i
Nilus
Dorsa
Aveiro
Sulak
Fesenkov
Val lesSacra S
ulci
Tempe
Mensa
Sacra Fossae
SACRA MENSA
Lunae Mensa
Sharonov
Ottumwa
Broach
Rauch
Waspam
Canso
Changsong
<
Kasei
Blois Sucre
Jijiga
Rongxar
Wassamu
Worcester
Guaymas
Poona
TroyVol'sk
Nema
Northport
Chinook
Sögel
Cairns
CloghPeixe
Dromore
Santa Fe
C H R Y S E
P L A N I T I A
Darvel
Balvicar
Montevallo
Tibrikot
Medrissa
Banh
Dixie
Herculaneum
Pompeii
Cantoura
Nilokera
s Fossae
Xa
nt h
e
Do
r sa
Valverde
Iste
r C
haos
Mandora
Vistula
Valles
Na
ne
di
Va
ll
es
X A N T H E
T E R R A
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7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
315°E (45°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
320°E (40°W) 325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W) 340°E (20°W) 345°E (15°W) 350°E (10°W) 355°E (5°W) 360°E (0°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°315°E (45°W) 320°E (40°W) 325°E (35°W) 330°E (30°W) 335°E (25°W) 340°E (20°W) 345°E (15°W) 350°E (10°W) 355°E (5°W) 360°E (0°W)
C H R Y S E
P L A N I T I A
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Lydda
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010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
0°E (360°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
5°E (355°W) 10°E (350°W) 15°E (345°W) 20°E (340°W) 25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W) 40°E (320°W) 45°E (315°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°5°E (355°W) 10°E (350°W) 15°E (345°W) 20°E (340°W) 25°E (335°W) 30°E (330°W) 35°E (325°W) 40°E (320°W) 45°E (315°W)0°E (360°W)
Maggini
A R A B I A T E R R A
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Henry
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Va
llis
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der V
allis
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M E R I D I A N I
P L A N U M *
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
45°E (315°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
50°E (310°W) 55°E (305°W) 60°E (300°W) 65°E (295°W) 70°E (290°W) 75°E (285°W) 80°E (280°W) 85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°50°E (310°W) 55°E (305°W) 60°E (300°W) 65°E (295°W) 70°E (290°W) 75°E (285°W) 80°E (280°W) 85°E (275°W) 90°E (270°W)45°E (315°W)
Flammarion
Teisserencde Bort
S c h ö n e r
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I S I D I S
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010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
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0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
90°E (270°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°95°E (265°W) 100°E (260°W) 105°E (255°W) 110°E (250°W) 115°E (245°W) 120°E (240°W) 125°E (235°W) 130°E (230°W) 135°E (225°W)
95°E (265°W)
90°E (270°W)
Escalante
AM
EN
TH
ES
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OS
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E
T Y R R H E N A T E R R A
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MarbachBasin
Viana
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Cost
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PE
NT
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S
ME
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ph
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010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
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0
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0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
E LY S I U M
F O S S A E
ElysiumCatena
PhlegraMontes
Lockyer
Eddie
Elysium
Fossae
E LY S I U MF O S S A E
Ze
phy
rus
F
ossa
e
Elysium R
upes
ELYSIUMMONS
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Galaxias Fluctus–
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Valli
s
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ena
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Elysium
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la
eus
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Catena
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la
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Fos
sa
e
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Valles
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TA
RT
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US M
ON
TE
ST A R T A R U S
C O L L E S *
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S MO
NT
ES
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ra
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Pl
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ra
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phyrus Fossae
135°E (225°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°
145°E (215°W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W) 160°E (200°W) 165°E (195°W) 170°E (190°W) 175°E (185°W) 180°E (180°W)
30°
25°
20°
15°
10°
5°
0°140°E (220°W) 145°E (215°W) 150°E (210°W) 155°E (205°W) 160°E (200°W) 165°E (195°W) 170°E (190°W) 175°E (185°W) 180°E (180°W)
140°E (220°W)
135°E (225°W)
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
ME
DU
SA
EFO
SS
AE
Me
mn
on
i a
Su
l ci
Med
usae
Sul
ci
Nicholson
Sa
bis
Va
l lis
Mi n
io V
a llis
Labou
Vallis
Ab
us
Va
llis
Burton
Bernard
Comas Sola
Williams
Ejriksson
Dejnev
Columbus
Cobres
Marca
M a n g a l a F o s s a
M E M N O N I A
F OS S A E
S I R E N U M F O
S S A E
K o v a l ' s k y
Amazonis Sulci
T E R R A
S I R E N U M
D A E D A L I A
P L A N U M
L U C U S
P L A N U M
Pa
du
s V
alli
s
Aso
pu
s V
all i
s
Tin
ia
Va
lles
Tau
s V
alli
s
D
ubi
s V
allis
He
rmu
s V
alli
s
Senus V
allis
Isa
ra V
alle
sM
un
da
Va
llis
Deva
Va
llis
Va
rus V
alle
s
Term
es
Va
llis
Ne
stu
s V
alle
s
Nic
er
Va
llis
Arim
an
es R
up
es
M
an
ga
la
Va
l le
s
Ma
ng
ala
Va
ll e
s
180°E (180°W)
-5°
0°
185°E (175°W)
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)0°
-5°
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
180°E (180°W) 185°E (175°W) 190°E (170°W) 195°E (165°W) 200°E (160°W) 205°E (155°W) 210°E (150°W) 215°E (145°W) 220°E (140°W) 225°E (135°W)
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
Ars
iaS
u l ci
Ag
an
ipp
e F
ossa
Arsia
Cha
smat
aO
ti
Fos
sae
ARSIAMONS
TH
AR
SI
S
MO
NT
ES
PAVONIS MONS
NO
CT
I S
F
OS
SA
E
N O C T I SL A B Y R I N T
HU
S
S Y R I A
P L A N U M
D A E D A L I A
P L A N U M
S I N A I
P L A N U M
VALLES
MARINERIS
Oudemans
CL
AR
I TA
S
FO
SS
AE
Tame
Cooma
Tecolote
Kinda
Lenya
Mistretta
NhillKoga
Zhigou
Llanesco
CaxiasIzendy
S O L I S
P L A N U M
....
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
Cla
ri tas
Ru
pe
s
.
225°E (135°W)
-5°
0°230°E (130°W)
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)0°
-5°
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
225°E (135°W) 230°E (130°W) 235°E (125°W) 240°E (120°W) 245°E (115°W) 250°E (110°W) 255°E (105°W) 260°E (100°W) 265°E (95°W) 270°E (90°W)
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters
Protva
T i thoniae
Fossae
EchusChasma
HebesMensa
I U S C H A S M A
O P H I R C H A S M A
C A N D O R C H A S M A
Perrotin
TithoniaeCatenae Candor Labes
Cet
iM
ensa
Candor
Mensa
Candor
Chaos
M E L A S
C H A S M A
C O P R A T E SC H A S M A
CetiChasma
Melas
Labes
Ophir Labes
GangesCatena
Di t
t ai n
o V
al l
e s
Ju
ve
nt a
e
Do
rs
a
BaetisChasma
HydraeChasma
Juve
ntae
C
hasm
a
T I T H O N I U M C H A S M A
Tithoniae Catenae
Geryon MontesIus Labes
Louros Valles
Calydon Fossa
S I N A I
P L A N U M
O P H I R
P L A N U MA U R O R A E
P L A N U M
T H A U M A S I A
P L A N U M
S I NA I
DO
R S A
CopratesLabes
C o p r a t e s C a t e n a
M u t c h
Ibragimov
Ritchey
Lassell
V A L L E S
MA R I N E R I S
Eos Chaos
ME
LA
S
ME
LA
S
FO
SS
AE
DO
RS
A
SO
LI S
DO
RS
A
DO
RS
A
FE
LI
S
Val les
Her DesherVallis
L U N A E P L A N U M
X A N T H E T E R R A
Ti thoniae Fossae
H E B E S C H A S M A
Bae
tis
Men
sa
G A N G E S C H A S M A
Elav e r V
allis
CA
PR
I C H A S M A
E O S C H A S M A
Nia Fossae
NE
CT
AR
IS
FO
SS
AE
Nirgal Vall i s
Orson Welles*
SO
L I S P
LA
NU
M
N O A C H I S
T E R R A
Capri Mensa*
270°E (90°W)
-5°
0°275°E (85°W)
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W)0°
-5°
-10°
-15°
-20°
-25°
-30°
270°E (90°W) 275°E (85°W) 280°E (80°W) 285°E (75°W) 290°E (70°W) 295°E (65°W) 300°E (60°W) 305°E (55°W) 310°E (50°W) 315°E (45°W)
010
00
3000
-100
0
-300
0
-500
0
-700
0
-900
0
5000
7000
9000
1100
0
1300
0
1500
0
1700
0
1900
0
2100
0
-8200 Minimum 21229 MaximumElevations above 9000 meters
found only on the larger volcanos.
Elevation in meters