color management fundamentals...swop vs. gracol vs. inkjet vs. adobe rgb. color space 48 swop vs....
TRANSCRIPT
Color Management FundamentalsWide Format Series
Kerry Moloney Field & Channel Marketing Manager – Fiery Wide Format
John NateWW Technical Product Training Manager – Fiery Wide Format
Session overview
• Color management fundamentals, including basic color theory and management terms
• Get the best out of all of color technologies, regardless of the technology type
• Focus today on printing, with an emphasis on some wide format printing considerations
• Take a quick poll
2
Topics to be covered
• Color management defined• Color space• Color accuracy and Delta-E (ΔΕ or dE)• Device dependent and device independent color• Gamut• Rendering intents & black point compensation• Color transforms• Calibration & profiling• Spot colors
3
What is color management?
And why do we need it?
4
Color management is…
5
• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
6
• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
7
• A process, not a task• Ensures color fidelity between devices• Limited by each device
Color management is…
8
by Steve Upton
…like making toast…
Color management is…
9
…like making toast…
by Steve Upton
Color management is…
10
…like making toast…
Color management is…
11
…like making toast…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Color management fundamentals
Basic terms
12
Color space (L*a*b*)
13
L*
0
100
50
Color space (L*a*b*)
14
a*
+127-127 0
Color space (L*a*b*)
15
b*
+127-128 0
b*
a*
L*
Color space (L*a*b*)
16
Color space (L*a*b*)
17
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Color space (L*a*b*)
18
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
19
Color inaccuracy
• Hue - color• Chroma - saturation• Luminance - brightness
20
Cooler Warmer
Hue
Actual
Color
Where is your color?
21
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Hue
22
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Hue
23
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
24
Less
Saturation
More
Saturation
Chroma - Saturation
Actual
Color
Chroma or Saturation
25
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Chroma or Saturation
26
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Chroma or Saturation
27
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
28
Actual
Color
Darker Lighter
Luminance
Where is your color?
29
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Where is your color?
30
-b*
Blue
b*
Yellow
a*
Red
-a*
Green
L* = 100
White
L* = 0
Black
Gray
Delta-E or ΔΕ or De
31
Original Color
Delta-E 3 Delta-E 7
32
Device dependent color
33
R = 201
G = 5
B = 2
Device dependent color
R = 206
G = 3
B = 7
34
CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/97/90/85/93/88/0
Device dependent color
35L*a*b* = 56/95/54
CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/97/90/85/93/88/0
Device dependent color
Gamut
36
Gamut
37
Gamut
38
Gamut
39
Gamut
40
Gamut
41
Gamut
42
Gamut
43
Color space
44
SWOP
Color space
45
SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
Color space
46
SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
vs.
Inkjet
Color space
47
SWOP
vs.
GRACoL
vs.
Inkjet
vs.
Adobe RGB
Color space
48
SWOP
vs.
Toner
vs.
Inkjet
49
Gamut
Larger Smaller
?
50
Gamut
Larger Smaller
Spot colors
51
Spot colors – Pantone Bridge
52
Color management application
Decision time
53
Rendering intent
54
Larger Gamut
Smaller Gamut
In-Gamut Colors
Out-Of-Gamut Colors
1 3
2
654
55
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
56
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
57
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
58
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
59
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
60
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
61
Perceptual
1
2
3
4 5 6
1 3
2 654
62
Colorimetric
1 3
2 654
63
Saturation
64
Colorimetric – relative vs. absolute
Newsprint
Relative Colorimetric
Newsprint
Absolute Colorimetric
65
Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
66
Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
67
Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
68
Banding
Original
Perceptual
Colorimetric
69
Newsprint
Black point compensation
70
Black point compensation
71
Black point compensation
72
Black point compensation
73
Graphic program defaults
74
Graphic program defaults
75
Assigning vs. converting
76
Assigning vs. converting
Assigning = Change the way the image looks/prints
Converting = Keep the look the same
77
Assigning vs. converting
1 Tb. = 1 Tb.
Assign = Not the same taste
78
Assigning vs. converting
1 Tb. = 4 Tb.
Convert = The same taste
79
Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
80
Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
Assign SWOP 523/92/53/17
41/51/10
81
Assigning vs. converting
Original Color in GRACoL23/92/53/17
40/50/14
Assign SWOP 523/92/53/17
41/51/10
Convert SWOP 524/93/61/19
40/50/14
82
Converting
GRACoL SWOP
83
Assigning vs. converting
Convert
Assign
Assign
Calibration and profiling
Controlling your color
84
85
Calibration
• Calibration is active
86
Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time
87
Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time• Bring to a repeatable state
88
Calibration
• Calibration is active• Match a device to itself over time• Bring to a repeatable state• Tuning the guitar
89
Calibration
• Sometimes called “linearization”• Linearization is only one part of calibration
90
Calibration – cameras
• Shutter speed• Aperture• White/gray balance
91
Calibration – monitors
• Brightness• Contrast• White point
92
Calibration – output devices
93
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink/toner limits• Per channel linearity• Total ink/toner limit• Ink gray balance
• Usually through the use of a RIP
94
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limits
95
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limitsWet
Wet
No additional saturation
No additional saturation
96
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel ink limitsWet
Wet
No additional saturation
No additional saturation
92%
89%
96%
81%
97
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
75%
98
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
25%
75%
99
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
Non-Linear
Non-Linear25%
75%
100
Calibration – output devices
• Per channel linearity (ink or toner)
25%
75%
50%25% 75%
Non-Linear
Non-Linear
Linear
101
Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
102
Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
TIL
103
Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
Wet
TIL
104
Calibration – output devices
• Total ink limit
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
No darker
280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400%
Wet
TIL
TIL
105
Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable Gray Balance
Good Gray Balance
106
Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable gray balance
Good Gray Balance
107
Calibration – output devices
• Ink gray balance
Poor gray balance
Questionable gray balance
Good gray balance
108
Profiling
• Profiling is passive
ICC ProfileInternational Color Consortium
109
Profiling
• Profiling is passive• A snapshot of the device characteristics
110
Profiling
0/51/24/0
73/36/13
66/36/24/0
55/-10/-18
92/0/81/23
46/-55/16
CMYK
L*a*b*
0/0/0/30
78/0/0
0/100/66/0
61/127/105
111
Profiling
CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/100/66/0 0/97/90/8
L*a*b* = 61/127/105
CMYK = 0/100/66/0
L*a*b* = 61/127/105
Color management is…
112
…like making toast…1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Session summary
• What we learned– Basic color management concepts apply to getting the most out
of all types of color technologies
– Take charge of your color management setting and options
– Color management is not a single task, rather a complete process
• To learn more, we have some resources for you
113
114
Additional resources
• www.efi.com• ABCs of Color• Rendering Intent• Black Point Compensation articles
• www.colorwiki.com• Glossary of color terms
• www.xrite.com• Complete Guide to Color Management• A Guide to Understanding Color Communication• The Color Guide and Glossary
115
Additional World of Fiery sessions
• May 27 – Color Management Fundamentals• Learn the foundations of color theory and management to get the most
from your design software and color technologies.• June 17 – Color Standards & Specifications
• Gain knowledge of the latest industry standards and how they apply to wide and superwide format printing and proofing.
• July 8 – Color Management Inside Fiery XF & Fiery proServer• Put your knowledge into practice and understand RIP-level color
controls.• Production Series for wide format printing starting this September, you can
register your interest for these on the World of Fiery Webinars home page
116
Color management fundamentals
Questions?
117
Color management fundamentals
Thank you!