color planning for interiors - eduwavepool.unizwa.edu.om
TRANSCRIPT
COLOR
PLANNING
FOR
INTERIORS
JOSHIMA V.M., UON.
COLOR CONCEPTS &
SYSTEMS
1. Additive mixing
2. Subtractive mixing
3. Munsell color system
4. Pantone System
5. Artist’s circle
6. Traditional color schemes
7. Itten’s contrast
ADDITIVE MIXING
• This describes color mixing with light in medias like televisions
and computer monitors.
• When combined, the additive colors create white light,
reflecting all wavelengths.
• RGB makes digital imaging possible.
• Eg: Mobile phones, Laptops, TVs etc.
YELLOW MAGENTA
CYAN
WHITE
SUBTRACTIVE MIXING
• Subtractive mixing happens in pigments, dyes and printing
processes.
• Subtractive colors mix to be black, absorbing all wavelengths.
• Red- Green-Yellow are the primary colors for pigments. Which
when combined together give brown instead of black.
• So for printing purposes, another 4 primary colors are used.
• CMYK- Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black
• CMYK makes color printing possible.
PIGMENT COLORS
YELLOW
ORANGE
PRINTING COLORS
MUNSELL COLOR
SYSTEM
Alber Munsell proposed a color system to standardize color
measurement and communication.
Munsell color system is a color space that
specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value
(lightness), and chroma (color purity).
Munsell system contains 5 principle colors-
red yellow green blue purple.
And 5- intermediate hues.
This system defines Tint, Shade and Tone in relation to value and
chroma.
PANTONE SYSTEM
The company Pantone offer commercial specification guides for
printing inks and other color related services like paints and
fabrics.
Company is noted for its Pantone Matching System (PMS).
Pantone has combines pigments to make colors that is not
possible with CMYK process.
ARTIST’S CIRCLE
Artist’s circle is also known as color wheel is an example of a
subtractive system containing primary pigments of Red, Yellow
and Blue.
TRADITIONAL COLOR
SCHEMES
Artist’s circle is
used to create
color schemes
based on
principles of
balance.
ITTEN’S CONTRAST
More insightful observation of color
were formulated by Bauhaus
instructor Johannes Itten.
Itten created his own variation of the
artist’s circle.
He enumerated 7 types of color
contrast found in 2-dimensional
applications.
7 TYPES OF COLOUR
CONTRASTS
1. Hue contrast
2. Temperature contrast
3. Value contrast
4. Saturation
5. Compliments
6. Simultaneous contrast
7. Extensions
1. HUE CONTRAST
Alternating different hues to create contrast
in the interior.
The greater the distance between hues on a
color wheel, the greater the contrast.
A great is example is black-white or even
yelllow-red-blue.
2. TEMPERATURE
CONTRAST
Colour temperature refers to the perceived warmth or coolness of
a hue.
Temperature contrast refers to creating contrast by evenly
distributing cool colours and warm colours.
It´s greatest effect is achieved with the colours orange-red and
blue-green.
TEMPERATURE
CONTRAST
Warm colours are made with orange, red, yellow
and combinations of them all they remind us of
sunlight.
Cool colours, such as blue, green and light
purple have the ability to calm and soothe and
they remind us of water and sky
3. VALUE CONTRAST
It is based on the use of different
brightness and tone values of the
colours.
All colours can be lightened with white,
and darkened with black.
Eg: Contrast of light and dark between
colours in a room is used to create
visual patterns.
4. SATURATION
CONTRAST
This is a contrast between luminous
and dull colours.
Some colours by nature are more
saturated than others. eg. Yellow
is more saturated colour than
purple.
A highly saturated hue creates focal
point in many natural and built
environment.
5. COMPLEMENTS
In the colour wheel, the complementary colours
occupy opposite positions.
Complimentary colours placed side by side
creates contrast.
Example:
Yellow-violet
Blue -orange
Red-green
6. SIMULTANEOUS
CONTRAST
Its effect is derived from the law of
complementary colours, according to which
each pure colour physiologically demands its
opposite colour – its complement.
If this colour is absent, the eye will produce it
simultaneously.
Eg: Strong green makes neutral grey next to it
appear reddish-grey, whereas the effect of
strong red on the same grey is a greenish-grey
appearance.
7. EXTENSIONS
Contrast of extension emphasis colours in relation to one another.
This is also known as contrast of proportion.
It involves the proportion of colours used.
Two factors determine the force of a pure colour>
• its brilliance
• lightness of value and its extent.
PSYCHOLOGY OF
COLOURS
RED
Red is the colour of fire and
blood, so it is associated with
energy, war, danger, strength,
power, determination, as well
as passion, desire and love.
It is a very emotionally intense
colour and enhances the
human metabolism, increases
the respiration rate and raises
the blood pressure.
In decorating, red is usually
used as an accent.
ORANGE
Orange combines the energy of
red and the happiness of yellow.
It signifies joy, sunshine,
enthusiasm, success, stimulation.
Orange increases the oxygen supply
to the brain, has an invigorating
effect and stimulates mental
activity.
As red, orange in decorating is
used most as an accent.
YELLOW
Yellow is the colour of sunshine
and it's associated with joy,
happiness, intellect and energy. It
produces an warming effect,
arouses cheerfulness, stimulates
mental activity and generates
muscle energy.
While it's considered an optimistic
colour, people lose their tempers
more often in yellow rooms and
babie will cry more.
It's a difficult colour for the eyes,
so not to over use it.
GREEN
Green is the colour of nature
and it symbolizes growth,
harmony, freshness and fertility.
It has a great healing power and
it's the most restful colour for
the human eyes.
BLUE
Blue symbolizes trust, loyalty,
wisdom, confidence, faith and truth.
It's considered beneficial for the mind
and the body, it slows the
metabolism and has a calming
effect.
It's a colour that produces tranquility
and calmness.
Blue can also be cold and
depressing.
PURPLE
Purple combines the
stability of blue and the
energy of red and it
symbolizes power, nobility
and ambition.
It is often associated
with wisdom, creativity,
mystery and magic and it
is rare in nature.
WHITE
White is considered to be the
colour of perfection.
It means safety, purity and
cleanliness and has o
positive connotation.
In decorating, white is popular
because it is light, neutral
and goes with everything.
BLACK
Black is associated with power
and elegance, but also with
evil and death.
It is a mysterious colour,
associated with fear and the
unknown.
In decorating, it is used as an
accent colour, because it
darkens the room.
COLOR PLANNING
FRAMEWORK
1. Color as Composition, shaping space.
2. Color as Communication, creating meaning.
3. Color as Preference, reflecting individuality or market
trends.
4. Color as Response, arousing feelings and responses.
5. Color as Pragmatics, responding to resource
parameters.
1. COMPOSITION
To work with color as composition elements, one need to
integrate color, lighting and materiality.
eg: white color wall can be red based or blue based with
reflecting or diffusing surface.
Color grouping in composition can be effective in :
1. Unify the exterior with interior
2. Visually connect different interior spaces
3. Create focal points
4. Camouflage areas within interiors
Key concepts for color composition are complexity, balance,
contrast, relationships, interaction and integration.
2. COMMUNICATION
Colors are used to communicate meanings to people.
Symbolic meanings and subtle connections are also expressed
through colour usage.
Key concepts for colour communication are identity,
concept, ambiance, time and place.
3. PREFERENCE
Color preferences influence the design process.
Individual preferences can also be influenced by market trends
and cycles which encourage selection of current color and
finishes.
Key concepts: signature colors, personal identity and market
color.
4. RESPONSE
Relationship between color and human response is tangible and
not fully understood.
It can be from arousal of emotions to navigation of buildings.
Key concepts: physiological, psychological and behavioral
responses.
5. PRAGMATICS
Color in design also reflects practical reality.
Resource constraints makes to use less expensive materials and
finishes in given color range.
Preconditions in reuse buildings and maintenance issues also
effect.
Key concepts: resources, preconditions, maintenance and
sustainability factors.
CASE STUDIES
1. COLOUR PROGRESSION &
TRANSITION
Colours can enliven transitional spaces through which people
move to their destinations.
O’Hare Airport in Chicago contains an automated walkway
between terminal 1 and 2. designed the space with kinetic
optical lights that pulsate in rhythm with music.
Contains angled mirrors and coloured lights, and filled with
sounds of native birds.
2. INTEGRATED COLOUR
Project: BellSouth Corporation, Atlanta
Colour is used to unify, create progressions and spatially zone the
large building on several levels.
1. Connect with urban setting.
2. To develop a sense of progression within interiors.
3. Unify areas and create areas of emphasis.
4. Communicate corporate mission.
5. Spatial zoning by activity and function.
The exterior glass walls exposes the red walls to visually
connect with the passer by and contrast the surroundings.
This red band is connected to
a stripped band of yellow,
orange and green.
In the less public areas the red
bands leads to a more
complex colour and
material palette.
Red continues into the self-
service area of the cafeteria
as one hue in a tile mosaic
of green and neutrals.
Transitional spaces
has more neutral
colour
appearance with
red toned wood,
glass and
metallic finishes.
In the deeper formal areas green
is more predominant with red
used in the ceilings.
CONFERENCE ROOM
Conference rooms are
more subdued to
support the lower
lighting levels.
3. BOLD COLORS
Project: Mexican Grocery
Colour was used to clearly demarcate product zones and
circulation pathways with strong accent colors, bold graphics
and signage.
4. PRAGMATICS
Project: K8 school, New Jersey
Focus of this project was to educate
children regardless of income.
No expensive finishes or installations were
used.
Different traditional warm and cool color
schemes were employed for different
grades of classes.
Materials were left with less finishes.