color printer d-color 201mf -...

d-Color 201MFColor Printer

THEORY OF OPERATION

Code Y109670-2

PUBLICATION ISSUED BY:

Olivetti S.p.A.77, Via Jervis - 10015 Ivrea (TO)Italy

Copyright © 2008, OlivettiAll rights reserved

Revision historyAfter publication of this service manual, the parts and mechanism may be subject to change forimprovement of their performance. Therefore, the descriptions given in this service manual may not coincide with the actual machine.

When any change has been made to the descriptions in the service manual, a revised version will beissued with a revision mark added as required.

Revision mark:• To indicate clearly a section revised, show to the left of the revised section.

A number within represents the number of times the revision has been made.

• To indicate clearly a section revised, show in the lower outside section of the correspond-ing page. A number within represents the number of times the revision has been made.

NOTERevision marks shown in a page are restricted only to the latest ones with the old ones deleted.

• When a page revised in Ver. 2.0 has been changed in Ver. 3.0: The revision marks for Ver. 3.0 only are shown with those for Ver. 2.0 deleted.

• When a page revised in Ver. 2.0 has not been changed in Ver. 3.0: The revision marks for Ver. 2.0 are left as they are.

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Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008

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CONTENTS

d-Color MF201 Main body

Outline1. System configuration............................................................................................... 1

2. Product specifications ............................................................................................. 3

3. Section configuration............................................................................................... 8

4. Paper path............................................................................................................... 9

5. Image creation process......................................................................................... 10

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Composition/Operation6. Overall composition.....................................................

6.1 Control block diagram...............................................

7. Scanner section (IR section) .......................................

7.1 Composition..............................................................

7.2 Drive .........................................................................

7.3 Operation ..................................................................

7.3.1 When the power is ON......................................

7.3.2 When the Start key is pressed ..........................

7.3.3 Exposure unit ....................................................

7.3.4 Original size detection control ...........................

8. Write section (PH section)...........................................

8.1 Composition..............................................................

8.2 Operation ..................................................................

8.2.1 Exposure path...................................................

8.2.2 Write control......................................................

8.2.3 Writing area.......................................................

8.2.4 Color registration control ...................................

8.2.5 Protection shutter mechanism ..........................

9. Imaging unit section (IU section).................................

9.1 Composition..............................................................

9.2 Drive .........................................................................

9.3 Operation ..................................................................

9.3.1 IU life control .....................................................

10. Photo conductor section..............................................

10.1 Composition..............................................................

10.2 Drive .........................................................................

10.3 Operation ..................................................................

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10.3.1 PC drum drive mechanism ......................................................................... 35

10.3.2 PC drum phase control ............................................................................... 37

10.3.3 PC drum small amount rotation control ...................................................... 38

11. Charge corona section.......................................................................................... 39

11.1 Operation............................................................................................................ 40

11.1.1 PC drum charge corona ON/OFF control ................................................... 40

11.1.2 Cleaning/main erase mechanism ............................................................... 40

12. Developing section................................................................................................ 41

12.1 Composition ....................................................................................................... 41

12.2 Drive ................................................................................................................... 42

12.3 Transfer belt pressure retraction clutch .............................................................. 46

12.3.1 Developing drive control ............................................................................. 46

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12.3.2 Developer flow ....................................................

12.3.3 Developing bias ..................................................

12.3.4 TCR sensor control.............................................

13. Toner supply section .....................................................

13.1 Composition ...............................................................

13.2 Drive ...........................................................................

13.3 Operation....................................................................

13.3.1 Toner replenishing mechanism/control ...............

13.3.2 Toner cartridge detection ....................................

13.3.3 Toner remainder amount detection .....................

13.3.4 Shutter mechanism.............................................

14. Transfer corona section.................................................

14.1 Composition ...............................................................

14.1.1 1st image transfer section...................................

14.1.2 2nd image transfer section..................................

14.2 Transfer belt pressure retraction clutch ......................

14.2.1 1st image transfer section...................................

14.2.2 2nd image transfer section..................................

14.3 Operation....................................................................

14.3.1 Transfer belt drive mechanism............................

14.3.2 1st image transfer roller mechanism...................

14.3.3 2nd image transfer roller pressure mechanism...

14.3.4 IDC sensor shutter mechanism ..........................

14.3.5 ATVC (Auto transfer voltage control)...................

14.3.6 Transfer belt cleaning..........................................

14.3.7 Reversing control of the transfer belt ..................

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14.3.8 2nd image transfer roller cleaning............................................................... 67

14.3.9 Charge neutralization and separation of paper ........................................... 68

14.3.10 Detection of new transfer belt unit............................................................... 68

14.3.11 New unit detection timing/operation ............................................................ 68

14.3.12 Pressure/retraction control during ACS mode............................................. 69

14.3.13 ASC mode control change with the software SW ....................................... 71

15. Toner collecting section......................................................................................... 72

15.1 Composition........................................................................................................ 72

15.2 Drive ................................................................................................................... 73

15.3 Operation ............................................................................................................ 74

15.3.1 Toner collecting mechanism........................................................................ 74

15.3.2 Waste toner box-in-position detection ......................................................... 74

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15.3.3 Waste toner near-full/full detection control........

16. Paper feed section.......................................................

16.1 Tray1 .........................................................................

16.1.1 Composition ......................................................

16.1.2 Drive..................................................................

16.1.3 Paper Take-up control .......................................

16.1.4 Paper Near-Empty/Paper Empty detection .......

16.1.5 Paper Interval Control (PPM Control) ...............

16.1.6 Paper size detection control ..............................

17. Timing roller section ....................................................

17.1 Composition..............................................................

17.2 Drive .........................................................................

17.3 Operation ..................................................................

17.3.1 Timing roller control ..........................................

18. Fusing section .............................................................

18.1 Composition..............................................................

18.2 Drive .........................................................................

18.3 Operation ..................................................................

18.3.1 Fusing roller drive control..................................

18.3.2 Fusing loop control............................................

18.3.3 Fusing pressure roller pressure/retraction mech

18.3.4 Fusing temperature control ...............................

18.3.5 Fusing temperature control during a print job ...

18.3.6 Temperature control during stand-by ................

18.3.7 Temperature control during low power mode ....

18.3.8 Protection from abnormally high temperature...

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18.3.9 Detection of a new fusing unit..................................................................... 93

18.3.10 PPM control ................................................................................................ 93

18.3.11 Delay control ............................................................................................... 93

19. Paper exit/switchback section ............................................................................... 94

19.1 Composition ....................................................................................................... 94

19.2 Drive ................................................................................................................... 95

19.3 Operation............................................................................................................ 96

19.3.1 Paper exit control ........................................................................................ 96

20. Image stabilization control .................................................................................... 97

20.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 97

20.2 Operation............................................................................................................ 98

20.2.1 IDC registration sensor adjustment control................................................. 98

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power switch are ...................................... 111

sub power switch are ...................................... 111

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20.2.2 Max. density adjustment control .........................

20.2.3 LD (laser diode) intensity adjustment control......

20.2.4 Gamma correction control ..................................

20.3 Operation sequence ...................................................

20.4 Operation timing .........................................................

21. Image processing..........................................................

21.1 Scanner section image processing block diagram .....

21.2 Write section image processing block diagram ..........

22. Other control .................................................................

22.1 Fan control..................................................................

22.1.1 Construction........................................................

22.1.2 Operation ............................................................

22.2 Counter control ...........................................................

22.2.1 Construction........................................................

22.3 Parts operated when the main power switch and sub turned ON...................................................................

22.3.1 Parts operated when the main power switch andturned ON ...........................................................

Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 1. System configuration

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Outline1. System configuration1/2 System front view

DK-504

cabinet PC-104

cabinet PC-204

cabinet PC-405

tor JS-505

dle AH-101 *1

[2]

[6]

[8]

[12] [1]

[3][13]

A02FT1E007AA

[4]

[5]

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*1: Option of OC-508

[1] Main body [8] Desk

[2] Original cover OC-508 [9] Paper feed

[3] Automatic document feeder DF-612

[10] Paper feed

[4] Working table WT-503 [11] Paper feed

[5] Automatic duplex unit AD-505 [12] Job separa

[6] Multi bypass tray MB-502 [13] Assist han

[7] Paper feed cabinet (2nd) PC-105

[10][11]

[7]

[9]

Y109670-2 Theory of Operation

1. System configuration Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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2/2 System rear view

e ML-504

FK-507

[2]

[1]

[4]

[5]

A02FT1E008AA

[3]

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[1] Main body [4] Fax multi lin

[2] Stamp unit SP-503 [5] Fax kit

[3] Expanded memory unit EM-310

Theory of Operation

Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 2. Product specifications

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2. Product specificationsA. Type

.

Type Desktop/console *1 scanner/printer

Printing process Laser electrostatic printing system

PC drum type OPC drum: KM-12 (OPC with high mold releasability)

Scanning resolution 600 dpi

File memory 64 MB + 512 MB (Option)

Exposure lamp White rare-gas fluorescent lamp

Platen Stationary (Unit scan)

Original scanningUnit scanning CCD optical system* Sheet through system when DF-612 is used

Registration Rear left edge

Paper feeding rque limiter

eveloping system

ransfer system (2nd)

nd bias system

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*1: Only when the optional paper feed cabinet/desk is installed

separation systemTray 1 : Small roller separation system with to

Exposure system• Four-multi array PH unit system• Polygon mirror scan system

Exposure resolution 600 dpi 600 dpi

Developing system Dry 2 components developing method, HMT d

Charging system DC comb electrode scorotron system

Neutralizing system Red LED system

Image transfer system Belt image transfer system (1st)/roller image t

Paper separating system

Combination of curvature, separating claws, a

Fusing system Belt fusing

Heating system Halogen lamp


2. Product specifications Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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B. Functions

Types of original Sheets, books, and three-dimensional objects

Max. original size Book scanner A3 or 11 x 17

Max. original weight Book scanner Max. 2 kg

Multiple copies 1 to 999

Warm-up time (at ambient tempera-ture of 23 °C/73.4 °F and rated source volt-age)*Without FK-507 and EM-310

When the sub power switch is turned ON at any timing while the main power switch remains ON for a predetermined period of time or more:37 sec. or less (Monochrome print)40 sec. or less (Color print)

When the sub power switch is turned ON immediately after the main power switch is turned ON:90 sec. or less (Monochrome print and Color print)

Image loss Copy Leading edge: 4.2 mm (3/16 inch), Trailing edge: 3 mm (1/8 inch), Rear edge: 3 mm (1/8 inch),

inch)

(3/16 inch), 3/16 inch), 6 inch),

16 inch)

me, full color), OHP film

3,

1/2 x 11, plain paper)

1/2 x 11, plain paper)

0.707, x0.816, x0.866

0.647, x0.772, x0.785

1.224, x1.414, x2.000

1.294, x1.545, x2.000

A5S, B5, B5S, A4, A4S, A3, 8K, 16K, 16KS, FLS, k paper only)

/2, 5-1/2 x 8-1/2S, 7-1/4 x 10-1/2,1/2S, 8-1/2 x 11, 8-1/2 x 11S, A3 Wide (12 x 18) ck paper only)

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Front edge: 3 mm (1/8

PC Print Leading edge: 4.2 mm Trailing edge: 4.2 mm (Rear edge: 4.2 mm (3/1Front edge: 4.2 mm (3/

First copy time (Tray1 A4 or 8 1/2 x 11, full size)

Monochrome print 10.0 sec. or less

Color print 13.5 sec. or less

Processing speed 92.4 mm/s Plain paper (monochro

46.2 mm/s Thick 1, Thick 2, Thick Envelope, Label sheet

Copying speed for multi-copy cycle

1-sided 20 copies/min (A4 or 8

2-sided 18 copies/min (A4 or 8

Fixed zoom ratios Full size x1.000

Reduction Metric area x0.500, x

Inch area x0.500, x

Enlargement Metric area x1.154, x

Inch area x1.214, x

Zoom ratios memory 3 memories

Variable zoom ratios 0.250 to 4.000 in 0.001 increments

Paper size Tray 1 Metric area B6S, A5, A3 Wide,A6S (Thic

Inch area 5-1/2 x 8-1

7-1/4 x 10-8-1/2 x 14,4 x 6 (Thi

Copy exit tray capacity Plain paper 250 sheets

Thick paper 10 sheets

OHP film 1 sheet

Theory of Operation


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C. Paper

64 to 90 g/m2 (17 to 24 lb) or g/m2 (24.2 to 68 lb) are

Type

Paper source (maximum tray capacity)

Tray 1Tray 2

(Option)Multiple bypass

(Option)

Copy paper type

Plain paper (60 to 90 g/m2 / 16 to 24 lb)

250 sheets 500 sheets 100 sheets

Thick paper 1 (91 to 150 g/m2 / 24.2 to 40 lb)

20 sheets

150 sheets

20 sheets

Thick paper 2 (151 to 209 g/m2 / 40.2 to 55.6 lb)

Thick paper 3 (210 to 256 g/m2 / 55.9 to 68.1 lb) *1

10 sheets

o 297 mm 1.7 inch

90 to 311.1 mm 3.6 to 12.3 inch

431.8 mm 7 inch

139.7 to 457.2 mm 5.5 to 18 inch

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*1: Image is not guaranteed when thick paper 3 is used.*2: Monochrome print only.Automatic duplex unit : Only the plain paper weighing

thick paper weighing 91 to 256reliably fed.

OHP film (crosswise feeding only) *2

Label sheets

Envelopes

Postcards

Translucent paper

Copy paper dimensions

Width90 to 311.1 mm 3.6 to 12.3 inch

139.7 t5.5 to 1

Length139.7 to 457.2 mm 5.5 to 18 inch

182 to 7.2 to 1


2. Product specifications Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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D. Maintenance

E. Machine specifications

open.

No. of pages printed per month (average)

Color print 500 prints

Monochrome print 2,300 prints

Standard copy modeColor print 2 pages/job

Monochrome print 2 pages/job

Standard original density

Color print C, M, Y, K : 5%

Monochrome print K : 5%

Power requirements

Voltage: AC 100 V, 120 V, 220-240 V

Current: 100 V 12 A

110 V 12 A

120 V 11 A

8 (H) mm5.5 (H) inch

3

hout IU and TC)

0 C / 18 F or less per hour)

of 10%/h)

ft should be 1 degree or under.

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*1: Width when the manual bypass tray is closed*2: Height up to the original glass*3: The paper feed tray is slide out, and the upper right door is

F. Operating environment

127 V 11 A

230 V 6 A

Frequency: 50/60 Hz 3 Hz

Max power consumption 1,250 W or less

Dimensions *2620 *1 (W) x 688 (D) x 6424.5 *1 (W) x 27.0 (D) x 2

Space requirements

650 (W) x 688 (D) mm *225.6 (W) x 270 (D) inch *2

1117 (W) x 1061 (D) mm *44.0 (W) x 41.8 (D) inch *3

WeightMachine Approx. 68 kg / 150 lb (wit

IU and TC Approx. 6.8 kg / 15 lb

Temperature 10 to 30 C / 50 to 86 F (with a fluctuation of 1

Humidity 15 to 85% (Relative humidity with a fluctuation

Levelness Difference between front and back, right and le

Theory of Operation


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G. Print functions

d, the optional expanded PC.

ice.

Type Built-in type controller

Host interfaceEthernet (10Base-T or 100Base-TX), USB 2.0/1.1

Print speed 20 prints/min (color/monochrome, A4, 1-sided)

Resolution 600 dpi x 600 dpi

Printer languagePCL5e/c emulationPCL XL Ver. 2.1 emulationPostScript 3 emulation (3015)

Network protocol TCP/IP, LPD

Support OS

ServerWindows 2000/2003Windows 2003server x64 Edition

Client

Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows VistaWindows XP x64 Edition, Windows Vista x64 Edition

sh OS X Ver. 10.2 or later, r later

/2 x 11

/2 x 11

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• When the optional automatic duplex unit AD-505 is mountememory unit EM-310 is required for duplex printing from the

H. Scan functions

NOTE• These specifications are subject to change without not

Macintosh OS 9.x, MacintoMacintosh Intel OS X 10.4 o

Compatible paper size Max. standard paper size A3 Wide

FontsPCL Latin 80 fonts

PS Latin 136 fonts

Type Full-Colour Scanner

Protocol TCP/IP(SMTP)

Output format JPEG, PDF(V1.3 standrads), TIFF

Scan speed / DF-612

Monochrome(Resolution 300 dpi)

40 pages/min : A440 pages/min : 8 1

Full color(Resolution 300 dpi)

20 pages/min : A420 pages/min : 8 1

Scannable range Same as the copier (Max. A3)

Functions Scan to E-mail

Resolution 200/300/400/600 dpi


3. Section configuration Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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3. Section configuration

A02FT1C003AA

Scanner section (IR section)

Fusing section

Timing roller section

Write section (PH section)

l bypass section n)

Imaging unit section (IU section)

Toner supply section

Duplex section (Option)

Paper exit/switchback section

Transfer section

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Manua(Optio

Paper feed section (Tray1)

Paper feed section (Tray2, Option)

Toner collecting section

Theory of Operation

Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 4. Paper path

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4. Paper path

A02FT1C004AA

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5. Image creation process

ginal is separated into different CCD then converts it into a cor-signal to the IR imaging pro-

ital image signals. After going , M, Y, and K) are output to the

IDEO signals (Y, M, C, Bk) are n of the laser diode.

e surface of the PC drum is tent image.

develop electrostatic latent

in the developer mixing cham- image formed on the surface of ible, developed image.lied to the developing roller, e background image portion.

kside of the transfer belt, ge on the surface of each of the d onto the transfer belt.

A02FT1C007AA

[4] PC drum

[1] Photoelectric conversion

[2] IR image processing

[3] Printer image processing

[8] 1st image transfer

[9] 2nd image transfer

[11] Transfer belt cleaning

[13] Main erase

drum cleaning

[10] Paper separation

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[1] Photoelectric conversion

• The light reflected off the surface of the oricolors using the color filters (R, G, and B); responding electric signal and outputs the cessing section.

[2] IR image processing

• The electric signal is converted to 8-bit digthrough some corrections, video signals (Cprinter image processing section.

[3] Printer image processing

• D/A conversion will be performed after the Vcorrected. This data will control the emissio

[4] PC drum • The image of the original projected onto thchanged to a corresponding electrostatic la

[5] PC drum charging • Supply DC ( - ) charge on the PC drum.

[6] Laser exposure • Expose photo conductor to a laser beam toimage.

[7] Developing • The toner, agitated and negatively chargedber, is attracted onto the electrostatic latentthe PC drum. It is thereby changed to a vis

• AC and DC negative bias voltages are appthereby preventing toner from sticking to th

[8] 1st image transfer • A DC positive voltage is applied to the bacthereby allowing the visible, developed imaPC drums (Y, M, C, and K) to be transferre

[5] PC drum charging

[6] Laser exposure

[7] Developing

[12] PC

Theory of Operation

Theory of operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 5. Image creation process

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[9] 2nd image transfer • A DC positive voltage is applied to the backside of the paper, thereby allowing the visible, developed image on the surface of the transfer belt to be transferred onto the paper.

[10] Paper separation • The paper, which has undergone the 2nd image transfer process, is neu-tralized so that it can be properly separated from the transfer belt by the paper separator claws.

[11] Transfer belt cleaning

• Residual toner on the surface of the transfer belt is collected for cleaning by cleaning blade.

[12] PC drum cleaning • The residual toner left on the surface of the PC drum is scraped off.

[13] Main erase • The surface of the PC drum is irradiated with light, which neutralizes any surface potential remaining on the surface of the PC drum.

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Blank Page

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 6. Overall composition

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Composition/Operation6. Overall composition

6.1 Control block diagram

Exposure lamp (FL201)Inverter board (INVB)

CCDU board (CCDUB)

BCRU bozrd (BCRUB)

Scanner motor (M201)

Process

Fusing

Automaticdocumentfeeder (DF-612)

Paper feed,Transport,Duplex feed

Paper feed option(PC-104/105/204/405/ MB-502/AD-505

Fax part

Scanner part

Printer part

)

d FAX board (FAXUB, Extension, Option )

ACRU board

A02FT2E100AA

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MFBU board (MFBUB)

Imageprocessing

PH relay board(REYB/PH)

PH unit Y/M/C/K

Control line

Image path line

Printer control board(PRCB)

Mechanicalcontrol (CPU)

Finisher option (JS-505)

RAMU board

Operation panel (OPEUB

ADCUboard

FAX boar(FAXUB, Basis, Option )


7. Scanner section (IR section) Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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7. Scanner section (IR section)

7.1 Composition

A02FT2C061AA

e detection sensor/1 (PS203)

sor (PS205)

AA

peaker (SP)

iginal size detection sensor/2S204)

B)

rd (BCRUB)

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18 degree sensor (PS202)


Original siz

Lens

CCDU board (CCDUB) Original cover sen

Home position sensor (PS201)

Inverter board (INVB)

A02FT2C060

S

Or(P

ADCU board (ADCUB)

MFBU board (MFBU

BCRU boa

Exposure lamp (FL201)

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 7. Scanner section (IR section)

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7.2 Drive

A02FT2C062AA

canner drive wire /R

Exposure unit

Scanner drive wire /F Home position sensor (PS201)

Front

Rear

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Pulley shaft

Pulley

Pulley



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7.3 Operation

7.3.1 When the power is ON

1. The exposure unit is first returned to its home position, since it might have been moved out of the home position while the main power switch remains OFF.

2. The exposure unit moves from the home position to the exposure lamp ON posi-tion.

3. After the exposure lamp has been turned ON, the exposure unit moves up to the shading position (under the shading correction sheet).

4. The shading correction is made while the exposure unit is moving.5. After the adjustment has been made, the exposure unit moves from the shading

position to the home position.

A02FT2C065AA

Shading position

xposure lamp (FL201) ON

xposure unit movement

Y109670-2

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16

A02FT2C063AA

Home position

Home position

Shading position

Shading correction

Standby position

E

E

Exposure unit

Exposure lamp ON

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7.3.2 When the Start key is pressed

A. Document read mode• The document is read in either of the following two modes: the original cover mode, in

which the original is directly placed on the original glass; and the DF mode, in which the document is loaded in the automatic document feeder.

(1) Original cover mode1. The press of the Start key turns ON the exposure lamp.2. The exposure unit moves from the home position to the shading position to make a

shading correction.3. The exposure unit moves from the shading position to the scan start position.4. The exposure unit moves from the scan start position toward the image trailing

edge direction. Reading of the image of the original is started with the image leading edge posi-tion.Reading of the image of the original is completed at the image trailing edge posi-

osure lamp turns OFF. position to the home posi-

single scan motion, so the copying.

A02FT2C067AA

A02FT2C066AA

Back edge of the image

Back edge of the image

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olor

MF2

01

tion.5. After the image of the original has been read, the exp6. The exposure unit moves from the image trailing edge

tion.The R, G, and B data are stored in memory through ascan sequence is carried out only once even for color

Exposure lamp (FL201) ON

Shading position

Home position

Scan start position

Leading edge of the imageOriginal

Exposure unit

Shading position

Home position

Scan

Return

Shading correction



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(2) DF mode1. The press of the Start key turns ON the exposure lamp.2. The exposure unit moves from the home position to the shading position to make a

shading correction.3. The exposure unit moves from the shading position to the DF document read posi-

tion.4. The document in the automatic document feeder is fed up to the document read

position and the exposure unit reads the image of the document.5. After the image of the document has been read, the exposure lamp turns OFF.6. The exposure unit moves from the document read position to the home position.7. The R, G, and B data are stored in memory through a single scan motion, so the

scan sequence is carried out only once even for color copying.

A02FT2C068AA

Automatic document feeder (DF-612)Original

Y109670-2

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18

A02FT2C069AA

Reading of the image of the document

Exposure lamp (FL201) ON

Shading position

Home position

Return

Shading correction

Home positionImage reading position

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7.3.3 Exposure unit

• This model has the exposure lamp, lens, CCD, and inverter board mounted in the expo-sure unit.

4AB

Exposure unit

Original glass

Exposure Lamp

1st mirror

4th mirror

3rd mirror2nd mirror

5th mirror

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A02FT2C06

LensCCD



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7.3.4 Original size detection control

A. Detection method• The reflective original size detection sensors detect the length of an original in the sub scan direction

and the CCD detects the length in the main scan direction.

nsor 2 is mounted

tion

d)

Original size detection sensor 2

(PS204, option)

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF

OFF

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF

OFF

Unset/ON

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF/ON

OFF

ON

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF/ON

Unset/OFF

Unset/OFF/ON

OFF

Original size detection sensor 1(PS203, Standard)

AA

Original size detection sensor 2(PS204, option)

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*1: Size detectable only if the optional original size detection se

Original size CCD width (mm)Original size detec

sensor 1(PS203, Standar

Small size original 0 to 135 OFF

5-1/2 x 8-1/2S 135 to 144 OFF

A5S 144 to 163 OFF

B5S 163 to 188 OFF

16KS *1 188 to 199 OFF

A4S 199 to 213 OFF

8-1/2 x 11S

213 to 226

OFF

8-1/2 x 13 *1 ON

8-1/2 x 14 ON

B5226 to 262

OFF

B4 ON

16K *1262 to 275

OFF

8K *1 OFF

8-1/2 x 11275 to 289

OFF

11 x 17 ON

A4289 to 301

OFF

A3 ON

(non original) 301 or more OFF

A02FT2C060

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 8. Write section (PH section)

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8. Write section (PH section)

8.1 Composition

38T2C034AA

SOS mirror

1AB

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40
Laser diode

Polygon motor

SOS sensor

A02ET2C59


8. Write section (PH section) Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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8.2 Operation

8.2.1 Exposure path

• 4 units of the printer head are used for exposure process.• The surface of the photo conductor is irradiated with a laser light and an electrostatic

latent image is thereby formed.• The polygon mirror, which has only four faces.• The laser light emitted from the laser diode scans one line for each face of the polygon

mirror.

Transfer belt

2nd image transfer roller

/K

Direction of rotation of the PC drum

One lines One scan

e PC drum

A02FT2E101AA

Y109670-2

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22

Y M C K

LDLD/Y LD/M LD/C

PC drum Y

Beam

Surface of th

PC drumPolygonmirror

Laser diode

Directionof rotation of the PC drum

Beam

Return mirror 2

G2 lens

G1 lens

Return mirror 1

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8.2.2 Write control

(1) Laser exposure process1. Laser beam irradiated by the laser diode is reflected on the polygon mirror.2. The polygon mirror is a four-faced mirror that rotates at high speed motored by the

polygon motor. The polygon mirror reflects the incoming laser beam in the main scanning direction and reflects it on the G1 lens.

3. The G1 lens corrects the converging angle of the incoming laser beam and reflects it on the return mirror 1.

4. Return mirror 1 reflects the laser beam collected by the G1 lens to the G2 lens.5. G2 lens reflects the laser beam collected by the return mirror 1 on the return mirror

2.6. The return mirror 2 irradiates the laser beam came from G2 lens to the PC drum.

eriod of time after a print printer control board.ich illuminates the SOS sen-rate a SOS (Start of Scan)

iated to each main scan line.

4038T2C028AA

G1 lens

SOS mirror

Return mirror 1

PC drum

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01

(2) Laser emission timing• When a ready signal is detected after the lapse of a given p

cycle has been started, a laser ON signal is output from the• The laser ON signal triggers the firing of each laser light wh

sor via the polygon mirror, G1 lens, and SOS mirror to genesignal.

• This SOS signal unifies the timing at which laser light is irrad

Laser diode

Polygon motor

SOS sensor

Return mirror 2

G2 lens



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8.2.3 Writing area

A. Main scan direction (CD)• The writing area is determined by the paper size. • When the copy mode, writing area except for a 3.0 mm band at both paper sides.• When the PC print mode, writing area except for a 4.2 mm band at both paper sides.

B. Sub scan direction (FD)• The writing area is determined by the paper size. • When the copy mode, writing area except for a 4.2 mm band at the leading edge and a

3.0 mm band at the trailing edge.• When the PC print mode, writing area except for a 4.2 mm band at the leading edge and

a 4.2 mm band at the trailing edge.

A02ET2C501AA

Writing area in the main scan direction

.118 inch

Paper path direction

Example: Copy mode

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3.0 mm/0.118 inch

4.2 mm/0.165 inch

3.0 mm/0.118 inch

3.0 mm/0

Writing area in the sub scan direction

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8.2.4 Color registration control

• In a tandem engine, in which an independent image reproduction process is provided for different colors, incorrect color registration, or color shift, is more likely to occur due to individual PH assemblies being out of correct position or the relevant parts being out of accuracy. Due to the registration control system that automatically detects the color shift, the color shift in both main scan and sub scan directions can be corrected.

• The color shift detection sequence proceeds as follows. A color shift detection pattern in the sub scan direction is created at the front and rear sides on the transfer belt. The IDC registration sensor/YC and IDC registration sensor/MK read the corresponding pattern to calculate the amount of color shift in the sub scan direction and save the data. A color shift detection pattern in the main scan direction is created at the front and rear sides on the transfer belt. The IDC registration sensor/YC and IDC registration sensor/MK read the corresponding pattern to calculate the amount of color shift in the main scanning direction and save the data. Based on the data representing the amounts of color shift, the machine calculates how much each of the different colors should be corrected. The

ata stored in memory, the uts, thereby correcting the .ng when the image stabiliza-

4038T2C007AA

egistration sensor /YC /YC)

ion pattern for main ng direction

DC registration sensor /MK IDCS/MK)

d-C

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MF2

01

correction data is further stored in memory. Based on the dmachine controls each dot during production of image outpcolor shift (varying the timing at which the LD is turned ON)

• The color registration control system is activated at the timition sequence gets started.

Transfer beltIDC r(IDCS

Detectscanni

I(

Detection pattern for sub scanning direction



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A. Types of color registration control• Color shift is misalignment of the images of three different colors, yellow (Y), magenta

(M), and cyan (C), with respect to the image of black (K).• Four different types of color shift can occur: the color shift in the main scan direction, the

color shift due to overall scaling error in the main scan direction, the color shift in the sub scan direction, and image skew.

(1) The color shift in the main scan direction• If the image of each color (Y, M, C) is misaligned with respect to the image of black (K) in

the main scan direction, changing the write start timing in the main scan direction can correct the color shift. Color shift correction needs to be performed separately for the respective colors (Y, M, C).

• Color shift correction control is activated when the image stabilization sequence is started.

A02ET2C630AA

After correction

(M) No color shift

* When the image of magenta is misaligned with respect to the image of black (K)

Y109670-2

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Rotational direction of the transfer belt

Color shift

Before correction

Transfer belt

Black (K) Magenta

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(2) Color shift due to overall scaling error in the main scan direction• If the image of each color (Y, M, C) and the image of black (K) vary in length in the main

scan direction, changing the clock frequency of the laser diode can correct the length dif-ference in the main scan direction. Color shift correction needs to be performed sepa-rately for the respective colors (Y, M, C).

• Color shift correction control is activated when the image stabilization sequence is started.

ct to the image of black (K) in sub scan direction can cor-

med separately for the

abilization sequence is

A02ET2C631AA

Color shift

Before correction After correction

No color shift

* When the image of magenta is longer than the image of black (K)

Color shift

A02ET2C632AA

r shift

After correction

No color shift

of black (K) in the sub

d-C

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MF2

01

(3) The Color shift in the sub scan direction• If the image of each color (Y, M, C) is misaligned with respe

the sub scan direction, changing the write start timing in therect the color shift. Color shift correction needs to be perforrespective colors (Y, M, C).

• Color shift correction control is activated when the image ststarted.


Transfer belt

Black (K)

Magenta (M)


Colo

Before correction

Transfer belt

Black (K)

Magenta (M)

* When the image of magenta is misaligned with respect to the imagescan direction



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(4) Image skew• If the image of each color (Y, M, C) is tilted against the image of black (K), the image

skew can be corrected by changing the angle at which the printer head is mounted on the main body installation plate. Image skew correction needs to be performed sepa-rately for the respective colors (Y, M, C).

• The image skew correction is mechanically accomplished and the adjustment is made manually. (Image stabilization control does not make the skew correction.)

• The timing at which the image skew adjustment is made is when the printer head is replaced with a new one or a skewed image occurs.

ion plate, image distortion ad adopts the correction

f the corresponding printer

adjustment in the Adjust-

A02ET2C633AA

shift

Before correction After correction

No color shift

* When the image of magenta is tilted against the image of black (K)

B

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28

B. Skew control mechanism• When the printer head is mounted on the main body installat

(skew) occurs due to mounting error. Therefore the printer hesystem.

• The main body skew can be corrected by adjusting the dial ohead (Y, M, C.) For the detailed adjustment method, refer to PH mechanical ment/Setting section described in Field Service manual.


Color

Transfer belt

Black (K)

Magenta (M)

4038T2C038A

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C. Timing of color registration control• The “color shift in the main scan direction”, “color shift due to overall scaling error in the

main scan direction”, and the “color shift in the sub scan direction” are corrected when the image stabilization sequence is executed.

• The “image skew” is corrected when the printer head is replaced with a new one or a skewed image occurs.

8.2.5 Protection shutter mechanism

• There is a shutter mechanism provided to prevent the PH from being contaminated with foreign matter such as dust when the front cover is opened or closed, or prevent the emission laser from leaking outside for any reason.

• The shutter opens by pressing shutter guide at insertion of the imaging unit.

Shutter

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01

Shutter guide


9. Imaging unit section (IU section) Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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9. Imaging unit section (IU section)

9.1 Composition

e

ollecting screw

charge corona/

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Imaging unit/Y, M, C, K

Cleaning blad

PC drum/Y, M, C, K

Toner c

PC drumY, M, C, K

Developing unit/Y, M, C, K

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 9. Imaging unit section (IU section)

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9.2 Drive

A02FT2C054AA

Color PC motor (M3)

Color dev. unit engaged motor (M4)

Transport motor (M1)

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01

Developing clutch/K (CL4)


9. Imaging unit section (IU section) Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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9.3 Operation

9.3.1 IU life control

• Each IU has EEPROM board that detects a new IU and keeps track of the service life of the IU.

ditionsh is turned ON..

e of TCR sensors.

prompt the user to replace

r of pages is printed, the o request the unit replace-

ue is reached can be

n message that requests IU

at requests IU replacement

4038T2C012AA

EEPROM board

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A. New IU detection control• New IU detection control is activated under the following con

While the front door is closed, the main and sub power switcThe front door is opened and closed during normal operationThe machine is reactivating from the sleep mode.

B. Operation after a new IU detection• When a new IU is detected, an automatic adjustment is mad

C. When life is reached• The IU life counter is used to keep track of IU life.• When the life value is reached, a warning screen appears to

the imaging unit.• After the life value is reached, when a predetermined numbe

machine stops printing and displays IU replacement screen tment.

D. Warning screen display• The warning screen display that appears when the IU life val

changed in Consumable life reminder in the service mode.• When Consumable life reminder is set to YES, the full-scree

replacement is displayed when the life value is reached.• When Consumable life reminder is set to NO, the message th

is displayed when the life value is reached.

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 9. Imaging unit section (IU section)

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E. IU life setting• Comparing the “PC drum rotation time” with the “PC drum rotation time calculated based

on the number of printed pages”, the machine detects the end of unit life when either of them reaches the set value.

• By changing “IU life setting” in the “system setting - 2/2” in the “service mode”, a desired threshold for “PC drum rotation time” can be selected.

• When IU life is set to “normal”, the standard life value is used as the threshold for “PC drum rotation time”. Selecting “Normal” is appropriate when the machine is under normal use (Default setting).

• When IU life is set to “Long”, the longer life value is used as the threshold for “PC drum rotation time”.

• If the machine is under the following conditions, the number of pages that can be printed by one imaging unit can be increased in some cases by setting IU life to long.“Page/Job value is low”.“PV/M value is low”.“Color print ratio is low”.

er of pages that can be

antee if they are produced ibed in the product specifi-

t any warning message is , fusing unit, or transfer hanged while a warning and printing can be

e main power switch and

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01

NOTE• Setting IU life to Long cannot always increase the numb

printed by one imaging unit.• When IU life is set to Long, print images are out of guar

after the IU life counter goes beyond the number descrcations.

• Before changing the IU life setting, be sure to check thanot displayed to let the user know that the imaging unitbelt unit reaches the end of life. If the IU life setting is cmessage is displayed, unit change screen may appear stopped.

• After changing the IU life setting, be sure to turn OFF thturn it ON again more than ten seconds later.


10. Photo conductor section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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10. Photo conductor section

10.1 Composition

4036ma2338c0

Charge transport layer (CTL)

Charge generating layer (CGL)

Aluminum cylinder

PC drum

A02ET2C512AA

/K

PC drum/C

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10.2 Drive

PC drum

PC drum/M

Color PC motor (M3)

PC drum/Y


Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 10. Photo conductor section

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10.3 Operation

10.3.1 PC drum drive mechanism

• Two independent PC drum motors (for color and monochrome) are used for the drive mechanism to suppress incorrect color registration and uneven pitch.

A. PC drum/K drive mechanism• The transport motor drives the PC drum/K.• The transport motor is the common source that provides drive to manual feed, paper tray

feed, timing roller, transfer belt, and others.• Drive is transmitted to each of the PC drums when the triangular-prism-shaped shaft is

engaged with the mating coupling part.

A02ET2C513AA


drum/K

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01

Shaft

Coupling

PC



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B. PC drum/Y, M, C drive mechanism• The PC drums/Y, M, C are driven by the Color PC motor.• Drive is transmitted to each of the PC drums when the triangular-prism-shaped shaft is

engaged with the mating coupling part.

A02ET2C514AA

Color PC motor (M3)

PC drum/C

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36

Shaft

Coupling

PC drum/M

PC drum/Y

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 10. Photo conductor section

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10.3.2 PC drum phase control

• The drive source of the PC drum/K is the transport motor.• The drive source of the PC drums/Y, M, C is the PC motor. The three PC drum drive

gears/Y, M, C are connected by gears to each other and the PC drums/Y, M, C is always in the same phase.

• The PC drum/K and the PC drums/Y, M, C use a different drive source to rotate them-selves.

• Drive to the PC drums is provided by PC drum drive gears/Y, M, C and the PC drum drive gear/K. If these eccentric gears can not synchronize with each other in their eccentric rotation, rotational speed variations between the PC drums may happen. By synchroniz-ing the eccentric rotation of the PC drum drive gears/Y, M, C with that of the PC drum drive gear/K, rotational speed variations between the PC drums/Y, M, C and the PC drum/K can be eliminated.

• The PC drum phase control system synchronizes the phase of all PC drum drive gears by adjusting the rotation start timing of the drive gears/Y, M, C and the PC drum drive

nsor (Main/Sub) and the on the PC drum drive gear/

A02ET2C524AA

PC drum drive gear/C

C drive main sensor (PS15)d-

Col

or M

F201

gear/K when the PC drums start rotating.• The phases of the gears are detected by Color PC drive se

monochrome PC drive sensor (Main/Sub) which are locatedC and PC drum drive gear/ K, respectively.

* Back view

PC drum drive gear/K

Color P

Black PC drive main sensor (PS16)

Color PC drive sub sensor (PS17)

Black PC drive sub sensor (PS18)



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10.3.3 PC drum small amount rotation control

• Humidity around the imaging unit can cause variations in sensitivity among different PC drums, allowing black bands to occur on images. In addition, ozone stagnant in areas near the PC drum charge corona reduces sensitivity of the PC drums, causing white bands to occur in the image.

• To prevent these image problems, that the PC drum is turned at regular intervals to keep the surface sensitivity uniform as temperature and humidity change.

A. PC drum small amount rotation timing• This operation is performed during the standby condition after the completion of a print

cycle.• Small amount rotation time changes according to accumulated time of the PC drum rota-

tion and interior temperature.• The small amount rotation is carried out when the PC drum stop hour counter reaches

the specified value. PC drum stop hour counter value is determined by the humidity mea-sured when the PC drums are stationary and by how long IU has been operated.

Y109670-2

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38 Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 11. Charge corona section

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11. Charge corona section

4038T2C027AA

Comb electrode

Grid mesh

d mesh

ing blade

electrode/Y, M, C, K

d-C

olor

MF2

01

A02FT2C055AA

Gri

Clean

Comb

Comb electrode


11. Charge corona section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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11.1 Operation

11.1.1 PC drum charge corona ON/OFF control

• The grid voltage (Vg) value applied to the grid mesh is determined through the image stabilization control.

f the PC drum, scraping

C drum, is fed by the toner the rear of the machine. It is

ocess is irradiated with light l left on the surface of the

4038T2C024AA

Drum charge corona bias Y, M, C

Drum charge corona bias K


Color PC motor (M3)



4038T2C030AA

Cleaning blade

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11.1.2 Cleaning/main erase mechanism

A. Cleaning/main erase operation1. The cleaning blade is pressed up against the surface o

residual toner off the surface (forward blade system).2. Toner, which has been scraped off the surface of the P

collecting screw back toward to the conveying screw in then collected in the waste toner collecting box.

3. The surface of the PC drum after the image transfer prfrom the main erase lamp. This neutralizes any potentiaPC drum.

Cleaning blade

Toner collecting screw

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 12. Developing section

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12. Developing section

12.1 Composition

A02FT2C054AA

Doctor blade

Developing roller

r supply screw

ling/K

eloping roller/K

Toner conveying screw

Imaging unit

d-C

olor

MF2

01

4038to503c0

Tone

Developing drive coup

PC drum/K

PC drum/Y

Dev

Supply screws

Developing drive coupling/C

Developing drive coupling/M

Developing drive coupling/Y

PC drum/M

PC drum/C


12. Developing section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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12.2 Drive

A02FT2C012AB

PC drum/K

Color PC motor (M3)

Developing roller/K


Imaging unit


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Supply screws

PC drum/Y

PC drum/M

PC drum/C

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A. Developing section/K drive mechanism• Drive force from the transport motor is transmitted to the developing clutch so that the

developing section/K is driven• The transport motor is the common source that provides drive to the manual feed, paper

tray feed, timing roller, and transfer belt.

A02FT2C013AA

19AA

PC drum/K

r


Developing drive coupling


Transport motor shaft

d-C

olor

MF2

01

A02ET2C5

Supply screws


Developing rolle

Developing section/K





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B. Developing section/Y, M, C drive mechanism• Drive force from the color PC motor is transmitted to the color dev. unit engaged motor so

that the developing section/Y, M, C is driven.• When the color dev. unit engaged motor starts running, the color dev. unit engaged gear

is engaged with the color dev. unit drive transmission gear and the drive force of the color PC motor is transmitted to the developing section/Y, M, C.

• The state of the coupling operated by the color dev. unit engaged motor is detected by the color dev. unit engaged position sensor.

A02ET2C523AA

A02FT2C056AA

Color PC motor (M2)


Developing roller/M

PC drum/C

PC drum/M

ng roller/C

Color dev. unit engaged gear

Color drive transmission gear

Developing section/Y, M, C

Y109670-2

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44

Supply screws

PC drum/Y

Developi

Developing roller/Y

Color PC motor (M3)



Coupling released

Coupled

Theory of Operation


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C. Color dev. unit engaged position detection• The color PC motor is the drive source of the developing section/Y, M, C• When the color dev. unit engaged motor rotates the coupling detection gear, the color

dev. unit engaged gear is engaged with the color drive transmission gear. In this condi-tion, rotation of the color PC motor is transmitted to the developing section/Y, M, C via the color drive transmission gear.

• While the gears are engaged with each other, when the color dev. unit engaged motor starts running again, the color dev. unit engaged gear is disengaged and the developing section/Y, M, C stops rotating.

• The engaged position of the color dev. unit engaged gear is detected by the color dev. unit engaged position sensor and the light blocking plate of the coupling detection gear.

.

A02ET2C528AA

A02ET2C527AA

*Back view

nblocked

Color drive transmission gearCoupled

Blocked

r (M4)

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A02ET2C525AA

A02ET2C526AA

U

Coupling released

Color dev. unit engaged position sensor (PS19)

Coupling detection gear

Color dev. unit engaged moto





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12.3 Transfer belt pressure retraction clutch

12.3.1 Developing drive control

A02FT2C050AA

Color PC motor (M3)



Drum charge corona bias/K

Drum charge corona bias/Y, M, C

Developing bias/K (DC)

Developing bias/K (AC)


Y109670-2

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Developing bias/Y, M, C (DC)

Developing bias/Y, M, C (AC)

Transfer belt pressure retraction clutch (CL3)

2nd image transfer pressure retraction motor (M5)

Theory of Operation


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12.3.2 Developer flow

1. Toner supplied from the rear end of the developing unit is fed to the lower screw. It is then fed to the front of the unit, while being mixed with developer and electrically charged by the Supply screws.

2. The TCR sensor installed on the underside of the developing unit detects toner-to-carrier ratio during this time.

3. The developer, fed to the front of the developing unit, is conveyed further to the upper supply screw.

4. The developer is conveyed onto the developing roller. The doctor blade then con-trols the height of the developer brush to ensure that the developer on the develop-ing roller levels out.

5. The toner sticks to the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the PC drum.6. The developer that is left on the sleeve is returned to the lower supply screw by the

magnetic pole positioning of the developing roller. 7. It is then conveyed to the rear side of the imaging unit.

A02ET2C529AA

Supply screws

octor blade

2

5

6

PC drum

ensor

4

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PC drum

Developing roller

Toner supplied from hopper D

1

7

TCR s

3



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12.3.3 Developing bias

• The developing bias voltage (Vdc) is applied to the developing roller so that an adequate amount of toner is attracted onto the surface of the PC drum.

• In addition to the negative DC component, AC voltage is applied during development to help toner to be attracted more easily to the surface of the PC drum. This AC component is applied only while development is taking place. At any other timing, only the DC(-) Vdc is applied.

• The developing bias (Vdc) is supplied from high voltage unit (HV1).

eveloping roller

* Back view

re plate

PC drum/Y

Y109670-2

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48

A02ET2C530AA

D

Developing bias is applied to the pressu

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12.3.4 TCR sensor control

• The TCR sensor is mounted on the underside of each of the developing sections. • The sensor for C, M, Y and K is a magnetic type. • Each of these sensors detects toner-to-carrier ratio (T/C) of the developer. The reading is

used for determining the amount of toner supplied.• Only when a new imaging unit is installed in the machine, an automatic adjustment is

made of each of these TCR sensors. The automatic adjustment of TCR sensors cannot be done at your own discretion.

• The target T/C ratio is 7%.• The magnetic permeability (powder density) of the carrier in the developer is measured

to determine the T/C.• A mylar is provided for the conveying screw portion to scrape toner off the surface of the

TCR sensor.• The TCR sensor is integrated with the imaging unit. When the TCR sensor is to be

replaced with a new one, the entire imaging unit must be replaced.

4038T2C031AA

ensor

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4038to503c0

TCR sensor

Mylar

TCR sensor

TCR s


13. Toner supply section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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13. Toner supply section

13.1 Composition

A02ET2C534AA

A02ET2C624AA

Toner cartridge/Y, M, CToner cartridge/K

oner cartridge/K

Y109670-2

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50

A02ET2C623AA

TC drive unit/YM

T

Toner cartridge/Y

TC drive unit/CK

Toner cartridge/C

Toner cartridge/M

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 13. Toner supply section

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13.2 Drive

A02ET2C535AA

Toner supply motor CK (M7)

Agitating blade/K

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Toner supply motor YM (M6)

Agitating blade/C

Agitating blade/M

Agitating blade/Y



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13.3 Operation

13.3.1 Toner replenishing mechanism/control

A. Toner replenishing mechanism• Two toner supply motors are used to supply toner of four different colors.• By changing the rotating direction of the toner supply motor/YM and toner supply motor/

CK, Y or M and C or K can be supplied, respectively.

* The above shows the rotating direction viewed from the motor drive shaft side.

gear train to the toner car-

urns only in one direction. ht or left, only one corre-f toner (Y and M or C and K)

e toner cartridge rotates to t.

in body and drops into the

Toner supply motor/ CK (M7)

K toner C tonerToner supply

motor/ YM (M6)Y toner M toner

Right turn Not supplied Supplied Right turn Not supplied Supplied

Left turn Supplied Not supplied Left turn Supplied Not supplied

A02ET2C533AA

Drive gears

Y109670-2

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• Replenishing operation1. Drive of the toner supply motor is transmitted through a

tridge drive gears for two different colors.2. The shaft of the drive gears has a one way clutch that t

Depending on whether the toner supply motor turns rigsponding drive gear turns. Structurally, the two colors ocannot be supplied at one time.

3. When the drive gear turns, the screw installed inside thconvey the toner to the toner cartridge replenishing por

4. Then the toner goes through the carrier pipe of the maimaging unit port to be supplied to the imaging unit.

One-way clutch

Toner supply motor/ CK (M7)

Toner supply motor/ YM (M6)

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B. Toner replenishing control• T/C is detected by TCR sensor when the developing section of the imaging unit is being

operated. (TCR sensor is located in the imaging unit.)• Based on T/C ratio detected by the TRC sensor and amount of consumption calculated

by the dot counter, toner replenishing time (amount) is determined.• When the machine determines the toner replenishing, sometime it detects the toner

amount that surpasses the maximum volume for one replenishing control. If it is not pos-sible to replenish the supply of the required amount of toner within this maximum replen-ishing time, the reminder time is stored in memory and added to the replenishing time for the next replenishing sequence.

13.3.2 Toner cartridge detection

A. Detection of toner cartridge mounted in place• When the front door is closed, the machine accesses the EEPROM board of each toner

cartridge to determine whether or not the corresponding toner cartridge is loaded.

tected, the machine deter- data.

t of toner packed of the toner

A02ET2C584AA

Toner cartridge/Y,M,C

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B. Detection of new toner cartridge• After the toner cartridge in the loaded position has been de

mines if the toner cartridge is new or not using the EEPROM• If it is determined that the toner cartridge is new, the amoun

remainder amount information is reset to the default value.

A02ET2C582AA

Toner cartridge/K



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13.3.3 Toner remainder amount detection

• The amount of toner still available for use, or toner remainder amount, is determined using the toner remainder amount information stored in EEPROM or the count of the empty detection counter calculated from the T/C ratio.

• A toner empty condition can be divided into 3 groups: normal, near-empty, empty

A. Toner near-empty detection controlEither one of the following detection conditions detects a toner near-empty condition.• Toner remainder amount information

The amount of toner replenished, as calculated from various conditions, is subtracted empty condition is detected threshold value.

tion detected by the TCR any difference in the toner sum of the counts deter-s a predetermined thresh-

empty condition.

ount information reaches

fter the detection of a near-

is detected can be enabled

e notifying the user that the an be continued even after

notifying the user that the g can be continued without

Toner empty condition Toner remainder amount

Normal Remaining number of prints that can be produced is over 1000.

Near-empty Remaining number of prints that can be produced is up to 1000.

Empty Toner remaining level is 0.

Y109670-2

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from the default value of the amount of toner packed. A near-when the toner remainder amount reaches a predetermined

• Empty detection counter At each timing of detecting the T/C ratio, the toner concentrasensor is compared with a target toner concentration to find concentration. A near-empty condition is detected when the mined according to the toner concentration difference reacheold value.

B. Toner empty controlEither one of the following detection conditions detects a toner • Toner remainder amount information

An empty condition is detected when the toner remainder amzero.

• Empty detection counter An empty condition is detected when the sum of the counts aempty condition reaches a predetermined threshold value.

C. Near empty display• The warning screen to be displayed when a toner near-empty

or disabled in the Unit Change in the service mode.• When the warning screen display is set to “YES”, the messag

toner cartridge needs replacing soon is displayed. Printing cthe message appears (Default setting).

• When the warning screen display is set to NO, the message toner cartridge needs replacing soon is not displayed. Printinhaving the message displayed.

Theory of Operation


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D. Empty display• The screen mode to be displayed when a toner empty is detected can be selected by

specifying the person who replaces the unit in the Unit Change in the service mode.• When User is selected as the person, the message requesting toner cartridge replace-

ment by user is displayed when a toner empty condition is detected. After the message appears, printing is stopped. Printing can be started again after replacing the toner car-tridge with a new one.

• When Service is selected as the person, the message prompting service engineer to replace the toner cartridge is displayed. Printing can be continued even after the mes-sage appears. To avoid any image failure including the decrease of image density, the toner cartridge must be promptly replaced with a new one.

13.3.4 Shutter mechanism

• To prevent toner from being spilled when the toner cartridge is removed from the machine, there is a shutter mechanism provided. When the toner cartridge is installed in

lose.

A02ET2C593AA

cartridge is installed

d-C

olor

MF2

01

the machine, the shutter opens.

NOTE• Put the replacement port face down to keep the cover c

A02ET2C592AA

Before toner cartridge is installed When toner

Shutter


14. Transfer corona section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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14. Transfer corona section

14.1 Composition

14.1.1 1st image transfer section

A02ET2C583AA

4038T2C151AB

A02ET2C620AA

nsfer roller /K

oller


g drive motor (M2)

Y109670-2

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1st image transfer roller /C

1st image tra

Transfer belt drive rCleaning blade

1st image transfer roller /Y

1st image transfer roller /M


Pressure cam

Transfer belt retraction sensor (PS6)

Fusin

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 14. Transfer corona section

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14.1.2 2nd image transfer section

4038T2C019DA

4038T2C117AA


age transfer pressure welding ion sensor (PS36)

Temperature/humidity sensor (TEM/HUM)

A02FT2C043AA

sensor/YC (IDCS/YC)

Shutter

d-C

olor

MF2

01

4038T2C106AA


2nd imalienat

Shutter

IDC registration sensor/MK (IDCS/MK) IDC registration

Temperature/humidity sensor (TEM/HUM)

IDC registration sensor/MK (IDCS/MK)

IDC registration sensor/YC (IDCS/YC)



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14.2 Transfer belt pressure retraction clutch

14.2.1 1st image transfer section

A02ET2C621AA

A02ET2C622AA

Transfer belt


1st image transfer roller /K




)

Y109670-2

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58


Fusing motor (M2



Theory of Operation


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14.2.2 2nd image transfer section

4038T2C019DA


Pressure lever

Shutter

Cam

Shutter

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2nd image transfer retraction motor (M5)



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14.3 Operation

14.3.1 Transfer belt drive mechanism

• The transfer belt is driven by the transport motor.

14.3.2 1st image transfer roller mechanism

• Pressure/retraction mechanism is equipped for pressing the 1st image transfer rollers (Y, M, C) to inside the transfer belt at the 1st image tansfer.

• The 1st image transfer roller (K) does not have pressure/retraction mechanism. The 1st image transfer roller (K) always presses the transfer belt to the PC drum (K).

• Driving force from the fusing motor is transmitted to the pressure/retraction mechanism through the transfer belt pressure retraction clutch.

• The transfer belt retraction sensor is installed to detect retracting position of the 1st image transfer roller.

A. Pressure/retraction operation

er belt pressure retraction

ed ON, the rotation of the

h allows the sliding plate to

wn to be pressed to the

traction sensor.nd the slide plate move-

F..ng pressed.

nsfer belt pressure retrac-

d ON, rotation of the fusing

e gear rotates. to retract from the transfer

etraction sensor.r and the slide plate move-

F.

ir retraction position.

Y109670-2

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• Pressure operation1. Rotation of the fusing motor is transmitted to the transf

clutch.2. When the transfer belt pressure retraction clutch is turn

fusing motor is transmitted to the drive gear.3. Rotation of the drive gear turns the pressure cam, whic

move.4. The 1st image transfer roller (Y, M, and C) will move do

transfer belt when the sliding plate moves.5. The slide plate raises the actuator of the transfer belt re6. The actuator blocks the transfer belt retraction sensor a

ment is detected.7. The transfer belt pressure retraction clutch is turned OF8. The cam will stop rotating and the siding plate will stop9. The 1st image transfer roller (Y, M, and C) will stay bei

• Retraction operation1. The rotation of the fusing motor is transmitted to the tra

tion clutch.2. When the transfer belt pressure retraction clutch is turne

motor is transmitted to the drive gear.3. The cam will rotate to move the sliding plate as the driv4. The 1st image transfer roller (Y, M, and C) will move up

belt as the sliding plate moves.5. The slide plate lowers the actuator of the transfer belt r6. The actuator unblocks the transfer belt retraction senso

ment is detected.7. The transfer belt pressure retraction clutch is turned OF8. The cam will stop rotating to stop the sliding plate.9. The 1st image transfer roller (Y, M, and C) will keep the

Theory of Operation


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A02ET2C622AA


Fusing drive motor (M2)

Sliding plate

Drive gear

Cam

4038T2C136AB

s past 2nd image transfer roller

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• Operation timing


Start key ON Paper move

Fusing motor (M2)





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B. Pressure position changing mechanism• To extend the service life of the PC drum/Y, M, C, the pressure position of the 1st image

transfer roller is changed between the monochrome mode and the color mode.• The 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C presses the transfer belt only in the color mode.• The 1st image transfer roller/K presses the transfer belt in both the monochrome and

color mode.

Color mode:• In the color mode, the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C is pressed against the transfer belt

and PC drum and the PC drum/Y, M, C is rotated.

Monochrome mode:• In the monochrome mode, the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C is retracted, so that the

PC drum/Y, M, C remains stationary.

4038T2C162AB

Color mode

4038T2C163AB

image transfer roller /K

C drum/K

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Monochrome mode

Transfer belt


PC drum/Y



1st

PC drum/M

PC drum/C

P

Theory of Operation


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14.3.3 2nd image transfer roller pressure mechanism

• The 2nd image transfer roller has the pressure/retraction mechanism which presses to and retracts from the transfer belt so the patterns made on the transfer belt except by printing (such as detection pattern during image stabilization) will not affect the 2nd image transfer roller.

A. Pressure/retraction operation• Pressure operation

1. Rotation of the 2nd image transfer retraction motor is transmitted to the cam.2. The cam rotated from the retraction position releases the pressure lever. This

causes the 2nd image transfer roller to be pressed against the transfer belt by the spring.

• Retraction operation1. The cam rotated from the pressure position pushes down the pressure lever at the

retraction position, which results in the 2nd image transfer roller to be retracted.

4038T2C168AA

When retracted

4038T2C022DA

Cam

Pressure lever

Spring

A02FT2C051AA

s past 2nd image transfer roller

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• Operation timing

4038T2C167AA


When pressedTransfer belt

Cam

Pressure lever

2nd image transfer retraction sensor (PS36)


Start key ON Paper move


2nd image transfer welding alienation sensor(PS36)




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14.3.4 IDC sensor shutter mechanism

• The IDC sensor can be contaminated with toner since it is located under the transfer belt. There is a shutter mechanism provided for the sensor to prevent it from being contami-nated.

• The shutter opens and closes in synchronism with the pressure and retraction motion of the 2nd image transfer roller.

• The cam will press the pressure lever to open the shutter on the IDC sensor during retraction.

A. Shutter open/close operation1. Drive from the 2nd image transfer retraction motor is transmitted through a gear

train to the cam.n the pressure lever at the

he pressure lever at the

2nd image transfer roller Shutter

Retracted Open

Pressed Closed

4AA

4038T2C107AA

ction motor (M5)

4038T2C170AA

nsor shutter is open

Shutter

hen retracted

Cam

Pressure lever

Spring

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2. The cam rotated from the pressure position pushes dowretraction position, causing the shutter to open.

3. The cam rotated from the retraction position releases tpressure position, causing the shutter to close.

4038T2C20

4038T2C169AA

4038T2C108AA

2nd image transfer retra

IDC registration sensor/ YC(IDCS/MK)

Shutter

IDC registration sensor/ CK(IDCS/MK)

When sensor shutter is closed When se

Pressure lever

Shutter

WWhen pressed

Cam

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14.3.5 ATVC (Auto transfer voltage control)

• A different fixed 1st image transfer output current value is used for each of the process speeds (full and half speed.)

• To optimize image transfer output, the machine is provided with ATVC control, or auto transfer voltage control.

• The control lets a constant current flow through each of the image transfer rollers to mea-sure voltage. The detected voltage is corrected and the optimum 2nd image transfer out-put voltage is determined.

A. Overview of the 2nd transfer ATVC operation

ut from the high pressure unit 2nd image transfer roller,

d humidity, print mode (color are used as the basis for

rol is carried out when a print

ON”.

e of the change in interior

Calculate the resistance value of the 2nd image transfer roller.

transfer

Calculates the resistance value

the paper type, temperature rint mode, and the like.

Calculate the 2nd image transfer output volt- resistance value and the of the external factors.

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B. 2nd image transfer ATVC operation1. The 2nd image transfer constant current which is outp

will feed back to the printer control board through the transfer belt, and transfer belt drive roller.

2. The measured resistance, paper type, temperature anor monochrome), and print side (1st side or 2nd side)determining the optimum 2nd image transfer voltage.

C. 2nd image transfer ATVC operation timing• When one of the following conditions is met, the ATVC cont

job is received. “The main power switch and the sub power switch is turned“The machine is being reactivated from the sleep mode”. “The control operation is performed when the threshold valutemperature is exceeded”.

Constant voltage


Transfer belt

Transfer belt drive roller

Determine the 2nd imageoutput voltage.

Printer control board (PRCB)

HV

2nd image transfer output voltage

Information onand humidity, p

age based on thecorrection values



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14.3.6 Transfer belt cleaning

• The cleaning blade is pressed against the transfer belt in order to remove any residual toner from the transfer belt surface.

• The cleaning blade is always pressed to the transfer belt by the fixed blade system.

en rotated forward to transfer belt and the edge

f every print job. to replace the transfer unit, nsfer unit is replaced with a

A02ET2C569AA

Driven roller

Toner collecting screw Transfer belt

A02ET2C570AA

Driven roller

lt

tion

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14.3.7 Reversing control of the transfer belt

• The transfer belt is rotated backward to a small extent and thremove foreign matter (dust, toner, etc.) wedged between theof the cleaning blade.

A. Operation timing• The backward rotation control is provided at the completion o

However, after a warning screen appears to prompt the userthe backward rotation control will not be provided until the tranew one.

Cleaning blade

Forward rotation


Transfer be

Backward rota

Forward rotation

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14.3.8 2nd image transfer roller cleaning

• In order to remove the remaining toner on the 2nd image transfer roller, -/+ (DC) charge is applied alternately to transfer the remaining toner on the 2nd image transfer roller to the transfer belt. (The number of times that electrical charge is applied to the 2nd image transfer roller is different depending on each situation.)

• The cleaning blade then scrapes off the toner on the surface of the transfer belt.

ing is carried out. e.

specified value. ors that caused the unsuc-

image transfer cleaning

out.

4038T2C161AB

HV-

-----

---

-

+

Transfer belt 2nd image transfer roller

4038T2C137AA

Paper moves past 2nd image transfer roller

Number of times

3

value 5

10nsfer clean-

2

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A. Operation timing• Under the following situations, the 2nd image transfer clean

During a print job, the print counter reaches a specified valuAt the completion of a print job, the print counter reaches aWhen a door is closed after handling paper jam or other errcessful completion of a print job. During a print job or at the completion of a print job, the 2ndoperation is interrupted. At the start of a print job When the 2nd image transfer ATVC control is being carried

B. Number of times that electrical charge is applied

Cleaning blade

2nd image transfer reverse bias (+)

2nd image transfer pressure retraction motor (M5)

2nd image transfer reverse bias (-)


Start key ON* When a print job is not completed normally

due to paper jam or other errors

Situations

During a print job, the printer counter reaches a specified value

At the completion of a print job, the printer counter reaches a specified

A print job is not completed normally due to paper jam or other errors

During a print job or at the completion of a print job, the 2nd image traing is not completed normally.

At the start of a print job

When the 2nd image transfer ATVC control is being carried out.



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14.3.9 Charge neutralization and separation of paper

• In order to remove the residual potential on the paper with the 2nd image transferred, the neutralization material is applied to the guide plate without contact after the 2nd image transfer roller.

• In order to separate the paper from the transfer belt without fail after the 2nd image trans-fer, a separation claw is mounted (one point.)

life counter is automatically

is turned OFF and ON or

3AA

harge neutralizing cloth

Transfer belt

nd image transfer roller

Separation claw

close

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14.3.10 Detection of new transfer belt unit

• When a new transfer belt unit is installed in the machine, thecleared through new unit detection.

• The new unit detection is made when the main power switchthe right door is opened and closed.

14.3.11 New unit detection timing/operation

4038T2C17

C

2

Life counter is cleared

Check detection of the new unit

Image stabilization

Initial operation of the transfer belt

Main power switch OFF/ON, right door open/

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14.3.12 Pressure/retraction control during ACS mode

• The pressure/retraction of the 1st image transfer roller is controlled by the number of multiple copies for the monochrome original during multi-copy cycle, so it promotes the high productivity and extends the consumables’ life.

* ACS: Auto color selection• The ACS mode does not function for the first copy and it functions for the second and

subsequent copies.• The 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C is pressed against the transfer belt when the roller is

in its default position.

A. General• ACS control starts counting the number of multi-copies of the monochrome original when

switched from the color original to the monochrome original.• When the number of multi-copies is as specified or under

: The monochrome printing will start with color mode. (with the 1st image transfer roller /Y/M/C being pressed)

tates when the pressed

age transfer roller does not

complete and the 1st image nochrome mode.

by useless rotation.

per feed speed is 92 mm/s.

per feed speed is 46 mm/s.

Monochrome printing after switched to monochrome mode

2 sheets or more

ochrome mode

Monochrome printing after switched to monochrome mode

2 sheets or more

ochrome moded-

Col

or M

F201

IU (Y/M/C) does not develop or transfer the image, but it rotransfer belt rotates. The transfer belt being pressed saves time since the 1st imneed to be retracted.

• When the number of multi-copies is as specified or over.: The monochrome printing will start when the color mode is

transfer roller /Y/M/C is retracted to be switched to the moThe transfer belt being retracted prevents IU to be wasted

B. ACS control criteria• Number of multiple copies of monochrome original when pa

• Number of multiple copies of monochrome original when pa

Paper lengthMonochrome printing in color

mode

457 mm or under 1 sheet

Over 457 mm Switched to mon

Paper lengthMonochrome printing in color

mode

457 mm or under 1 sheet

over 457 mm Switched to mon



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C. Operation of ACS control (1) When printing in monochrome with color mode• If there is a small number of consecutive monochrome originals, printing is effected with

the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C kept pressed against the transfer belt.

mode selectedals, printing is effected with er belt.

4038T2C165AA

First sheet of color mode First sheet of monochrome mode First sheet of color mode

Ex. : 1 sheet of color original 1 sheet of monochrome original 1 sheet of color original (A4 size, Plain paper)

A02FT2C058AA

Second sheet of monochrome mode

originals

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(2) When printing in monochrome using the monochrome• If there is a large number of consecutive monochrome origin

the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C retracted from the transf

First sheet of color mode

First sheet of monochrome mode

First sheet of color mode

Ex. : 1 sheet of color original 2 sheets of monochrome1 sheet of color originals (A4 size, Plain paper)

Theory of Operation


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14.3.13 ASC mode control change with the software SW

• By changing the software SW 308 setting from “HEX assignment 00” to “HEX assign-ment 02”, you can change the pressure and retraction control of the 1st image transfer rollers.

• When the software SW 308 is set to “HEX assignment 02”, the 1st image transfer roller’s default position is changed to the monochrome position (retracted position). When the setting is “HEX assignment 00”, the default position of the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C is at the color print position (pressed).

• For users who mainly produce monochrome prints, when “HEX assignment 02” is selected, the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C can be at the retracted position more fre-quently, which helps to reduce the wearing out of PC drums caused by unnecessary rotation of color imaging units. The disadvantage of the setting (“HEX assignment 02”) is that the first copy time becomes longer for color print as the 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C is moved from the color print position to the monochrome print position.

A02FT2C059AA

initial position pressed

initial position retracted

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

e

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Ex. : 2 sheets of originals 3 copies

Originals

Copy (Setting: HEX assignment 00) : 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C

1st image transfer roller pressure and retraction operation

Copy (Setting: HEX assignment 02) : 1st image transfer roller/Y, M, C

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrome

1 2

Mono-chrome

Mono-chrom

1 2


15. Toner collecting section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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15. Toner collecting section

15.1 Composition

A02FT2C057AA

A02ET2C585AA

Transfer belt unit

Imaging unit

r full sensor (PS8)

Waste toner box

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A02ET2C545AA

Waste toner collecting mechanism

Waste toner box

Waste tone

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 15. Toner collecting section

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15.2 Drive

A02ET2C541AA


IU toner collecting screw

r belt toner collecting screw

PC drum flange

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Transfe

Drive transmitting mechanism for waste toner box

Waste toner box toner collecting screw



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15.3 Operation

15.3.1 Toner collecting mechanism

• Toner collected by the cleaning blade of the transfer belt and waste toner in each of the imaging units are conveyed by the corresponding toner collecting screws to the waste toner box.

l sensor detects the waste chanism for more informa-

rmed when the main power e does not start printing .

A02ET2C543AA

IU toner collecting screw

r belt toner collecting screw

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15.3.2 Waste toner box-in-position detection

• The waste toner full detection signal from the waste toner fultoner box set in position. (See waste toner level detection metion.)

• The detection of the presence of the waste toner box is perfoswitch is turned ON and the front door is closed. The machinwhen it detects that the waste toner box is not set in position

Waste toner box

Transfe

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15.3.3 Waste toner near-full/full detection control

A. Waste toner level detection mechanism• The waste toner level is detected by the actuator and the waste toner full sensor. The

actuator is turned in synchronization with the toner collecting screw that is provided in the waste toner box.

A02ET2C544AA

A02FT2C019AA

Waste toner box

Actuator

*Cross section

)

r: Upper position

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A02FT2C018AA

Waste toner full sensor (PS8)


Actuator: Lower position


Waste toner full sensor (PS8Actuator

Actuato



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B. Waste toner level check control• The waste toner level is determined by the number of times that the waste toner full sen-

sor is blocked and unblocked while the toner collecting screw makes two rotations.• As the amount of waste toner increases, the actuator is raised by waste toner and its

amplitude decreases. This reduces the number of times that the waste toner full sensor is blocked and unblocked.

• Once the machine detects there is a toner full condition, the waste toner full indication is not reset until the waste toner box is replaced with a new one.

ctuator movement while the ste toner is determined by d and unblocked while the

A02ET560AB

Actuator

Waste toner full sensor (PS8)Actuator amplitude

Waste toner empty

Waste toner full

A02ET563AB

ll sensor (PS8)

es that the toner full sensor d unblocked

Block 3 Unblock 4

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C. Waste toner full sensor actuator movement• The following illustration shows the waste toner full sensor a

toner collecting screw makes one rotation. The amount of wathe number of times that the waste toner full sensor is blocketoner collecting screw makes two rotations.

A02ET2C561AB

Actuator amplitude Waste toner

Actuator

Actuator movement in the waste toner empty condition

Waste toner fu

Number of timis blocked an

Block 1Unblock 2

Block 2 Unblock 3

Actuator amplitude

Unblock 1Block 2

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A02ET2C566AB

A02ET2C564AB

A02ET2C565AB

Actuator

Actuator movement in the waste toner near full condition (1)

Waste toner full sensor (PS8)

Number of times that the toner full sensor is blocked and unblocked

Block 2

Unblock 2

Block 1Unblock 1

Block 2 Block 3

ude

Unblock 2

r amplitude

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Actuator amplitude

Actuator movement in the waste toner near full condition (2)

* As the waste toner amount increases, the actuator amplitude decreases.

Block 1 Unblock 1

Block 1

Actuator amplit

Actuator movement in the waste toner full condition

* As the waste toner box becomes full, the actuator amplitude gets smaller and the signal from the waste toner full sen-sor continued to be blocked.

Block 1

Block 1

Actuato



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D. Waste toner level decision criteria

rinting further.laced with a new one and the

unit can be specified so that a cted.r to replace the waste toner box

vice engineer to replace the

StateNumber of blocking and unblocking detections

Operation

waste toner empty 10 times or more • Ready for printing

Waste toner near full 1 to 9 times • Displays a message that indicates a waste toner near full condition

• Ready for printing

Waste toner near full 0 times and stay blocked • Displays a message that warns a waste toner near full condition

• Printing not available• When detected during the job, print-

ing will stop when all paper exit.

Waste toner box not installed

0 times and stay unblocked • Displays a message that warns the waste toner box is not installed

• Printing not available

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E. Waste toner full indication• When the waste toner full message is displayed, the machine stops p• The waste toner full message is reset after the waste toner box is rep

machine resumes printing.• From Unit Change in the service mode, the person who replaces the

different message can be displayed when a toner full condition is dete• When User is selected as the person the message requesting the use

is displayed when a toner empty condition is detected.• When Service is selected as the person, the message prompting ser

waste toner box is displayed.

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 16. Paper feed section

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16. Paper feed section

16.1 Tray1

16.1.1 Composition

A02FT2C022AA

A02FT2C023AA

21AA

Tray1 separation roller

Tray1 feed roller

clutch (CL2)

per empty sensor (PS10)

Tray1 separation roller

Tray1 CD size detect sensor (PS9)

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A02FT2C0

Sensor in front of tim. roller (PS1)

Tray1 paper feed

Tray1 pa

Tray1 feed roller

Tray1 device detection sensor (PS12)

Tray1 near empty sensor (PS11)

Tray1 FD paper size detect board (PSDTB/1)


16. Paper feed section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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16.1.2 Drive

A02FT2C048AA

Tray1 Feed RollerTransport motor (M1)

4038T2C138AA

er ON

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16.1.3 Paper Take-up control

Tray1 paper feed clutch (CL2)

Start Key ON


Tray1 paper feed clutch (CL2)

Timing roll

Tim. roller clutch (CL1)

Sensor In front of tim. roller (PS1)

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16.1.4 Paper Near-Empty/Paper Empty detection

• When the tray1 near empty sensor is blocked, a corresponding warning display is given on the control panel.

• The paper supply level when the tray1 paper near-empty condition is detected is about 50 30 sheets.

• The tray1 paper empty sensor detects a paper empty condition.

to the paper size and mode

4036ma2116c0

A Near-empty Condition An Empty Condition

r empty sensor (PS10)

4038T2C194AA

per interval

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16.1.5 Paper Interval Control (PPM Control)

• It sets the proper interval between papers (pitch) accordingfor multiple printing.

A. Basic Paper Interval Control

4036ma2038c1

Tray1 near empty sensor (PS11) Tray1 pape

Paper feed direction

Space between papers

Pa


16. Paper feed section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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16.1.6 Paper size detection control

• Paper width/length are detected to determine the paper size from their combination.

Metric Area

Paper Size

Tray1 FD paper size detect board (PSDTB/1) Tray1 CD size detect sensor

(PS9)1 2 3 4

A6S OFF ON OFF ON Blocking

B6S ON OFF ON OFF Blocking

A5S OFF ON OFF OFF Blocking

A5 OFF ON OFF ON Unblocking

B5S OFF OFF/ON ON ON Blocking

B5 ON OFF ON OFF Unblocking

A4S OFF/ON OFF OFF OFF Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Blocking/Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Tray1 CD size detect sensor(PS9)

Blocking

Unblocking

Blocking

Blocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

Unblocking

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Inch Area

A4 OFF ON OFF OFF

A3 ON ON OFF ON

A3 Wide ON OFF ON ON

8K ON ON ON OFF

16KS OFF ON ON OFF

16K OFF OFF ON OFF

FLS OFF OFF OFF/ON ON

Paper Size

Tray1 FD paper size detect board (PSDTB/1)

1 2 3 4

5-1/2 8-1/2S OFF ON OFF OFF

5-1/2 8-1/2 OFF ON OFF ON

7-1/4 10-1/2S OFF ON ON OFF

OFF OFF/ON ON ON

7-1/4 10-1/2 OFF/ON OFF ON OFF

8-1/2 11S ON ON OFF/ON OFF

OFF ON ON OFF

8-1/2 11 OFF ON OFF OFF

8-1/2 14 OFF OFF/ON ON ON

11 17 ON ON OFF ON

12 18 ON OFF ON ON

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GuideTray1 FD paper size detect board (PSDTB/1)

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17. Timing roller section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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17. Timing roller section

17.1 Composition

2C573AA

Timing roller

A02FT2C049AA

Timing roller

(CL1)

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17.2 Drive

A02ET



Tim. roller clutch

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 17. Timing roller section

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17.3 Operation

17.3.1 Timing roller control

• A loop is formed in the paper when it is conveyed between the feed roller and the timing roller. The loop corrects skew in the paper.

• The timing roller clutch is controlled to synchronize the timing of image writing with the timing when the paper reaches the timing roller.

4038T2C143AA

ON



ON

A loop formation is completed before the timing roller

Timing roller rotation

Feed roller ON

A02FT2C037AA

Loop

Timing roller

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Feed rollerFeed roller OFF

A02FT2C038AA

Paper


Feed roller


18. Fusing section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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18. Fusing section

18.1 Composition

A02ET2C587AA

9J06T2C002DA

Fusing pressure roller thermistor (TH4)

Pressure roller

Pressure roller heater lamp (FH3)

Fusing pressure roller thermostat (TS1)

er

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Fusing roll

Fusing belt

Heating roller heater lamp/S (FH2)

Heating roller heater lamp/L (FH1)

Heating roller

Heating roller thermostat (TS2)

Heating roller thermistor/F (TH2)

Heating roller thermistor/C (TH1)

Heating roller thermistor/R (TH3)

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 18. Fusing section

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18.2 Drive

9J06T2C003DA

Fusing pressure roller retraction motor (M12)

Fusing pressure home sensor (PS38)

Fusing pressure retraction sensor (PS37)

Fusing motor (M2)

Fusing pressure roller

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Fusing belt



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18.3 Operation

18.3.1 Fusing roller drive control

A. Fusing roller speed change control• The fusing belt is driven by the fusing motor. The fusing pressure roller rotates along with

the fusing belt.• To avoid fusing failure, the fusing belt rotation speed is controlled to be switched from

one level to another depending on paper type.

op is formed in the paper p corrects variations sfer and the fusing speed.p formed in the paper

to the loop length in the

Paper type Print mode Fusing speed (mm/second)

Plain paper (60 to 90 g/m2)OHP film (Only for monochrome printing)

Monochrome/Color 92.4

Thick paper 1/2/3 (91 g/m2 to 256 g/m2),Envelopes, Labels

Monochrome/Color 46.2

Glossy paper Monochrome/Color 46.2

Fusing loop detect sensor (PS3)

ON

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18.3.2 Fusing loop control

A. Outline• To prevent double transferred images and brush effects, a lo

between the 2nd image transfer and fusing sections. The loobetween the paper conveyance speed during the image tran

• The fusing loop detect sensor detects the condition of the loobetween the 2nd image transfer section and fusing roller.

• The fusing roller speed is increased or decreased accordingpaper, thereby controlling the fusing loop amount.

9J06T2C004DA

OFF

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B. Operation flow1. It starts controlling when the front-edge of the paper reaches to the predetermined

position before the fusing roller.2. The fusing speed is decelerated so that a loop is formed in the paper between the

2nd image transfer roller and the fusing roller.3. When the paper loop more than specified, the fusing loop detect sensor will be ON.

The fusing speed will increase when the sensor turns ON.4. When the paper sags less than specified, the fusing loop detect sensor will be OFF.

The fusing speed will decrease when the sensor turns OFF.5. Operations explained above will keep the amount of the paper loop within specified

range so the speed difference between the fusing and the paper conveyance for image transfer will be adjusted.

6. The fusing loop control will finish when the back-edge of the paper passes the pre-determined position on the back of the transfer roller.

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18.3.3 Fusing pressure roller pressure/retraction mechanism

• To ensure prolonged durability of the fusing belt, the pressure roller is retracted*1 from the fusing belt during any time other than a print cycle. (The roller is, however, retracted*1

during a print cycle using envelopes.) *1: The pressure roller does not completely retract but is slightly pressed to the fusing belt.

• The fusing pressure roller retraction motor is turned forward or backward to press the pressure roller up against, and retract it from, the fusing belt. When the motor rotates, the fan-shaped gear will rotate to move the pressure roller.

• The fusing pressure home sensor detects the pressed position of the pressure roller. The retracted position of the pressure roller is determined by counting a predetermined num-ber of encoder pulses from the pressed position using the fusing pressure retraction sen-sor.

ted paper passes between xt paper to be fed will be period of time between

9J06T2C006DA

ction operation

Pressure/retraction operation

Pressure

Retraction

Retraction

Retraction

Pressure

Pressure Retraction *2

Retraction Pressure *2

Retraction

Retraction

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• Pressure/retraction timing

*2: Pressure/retraction will be conducted after the currently printhe fusing belt and the pressure roller. The timing for the nedelayed during the pressure/retraction and keep the certainfeeding the papers.

A02FT2C052AA

Pressure roller

Sector gear

Pressure operation Retra

Conditions

Warm-up At the start of a warm-up cycle

At the completion of a warm-up cycle in a high humid-ity condition

Standby At the completion of the fusing belt preliminary rota-tion

Printing For envelopes

For paper types other than envelopes

When printing the multi jobs

When current printing is for other than envelopes and the next job is for the envelopes.

When current printing is for the envelopes and the next job is for other than envelopes.

Power save mode ON

When the fusing heater lamp is turned OFF (a door opened, a mal-function occurs, or other factors.)

Theory of Operation


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18.3.4 Fusing temperature control

• The surface temperatures of the fusing belt and pressure roller are detected using ther-mistors and the corresponding heater lamps are turned ON or OFF as necessary to maintain the set fusing temperature.

A. Temperature control chart

tate (normal operation)

ode

e

[2][1] [3] [5] [6] [7][4]

A02FT2C040AA

Sub power switch ON Start key ONPower save mode canceled

Warm-up completed

*An example when a machine is warmed up under a normal ambient condition

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[1] In warm up [5] In standby s

[2] Stand-by (preliminary rotation) [6] Low power m

[3] Stand-by (normal operation) [7] In sleep stat

[4] During a print cycle

100

140

0

180

Pressure roller temperature

Fusing belt temperature



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18.3.5 Fusing temperature control during a print job

A. Fusing heater lamp control• Temperature setting for the fusing belt and the pressure roller varies depending on the

paper type and the copy/print mode in order to prevent declining of the image stability.• To heat the fusing belt, both the heating roller heater lamp/L and heating roller heater

lamp/S are used. Either of them is energized to control the temperature.• Either one of the heater lamps is turned ON to control the temperature of the fusing belt.

The two heater lamps can never be turned ON at the same time.• Either the heating roller heater lamp/L or heating roller heater lamp/S is energized

depending on the fusing temperature, print mode, and paper type.• To heat the pressure roller, the pressure roller heater lamp is used.

B. Fusing temperature control during printing.• Fusing temperature control prevents declining of the image stability as well as reduces

curling of the paper, uneven waxing, offset, etc., according to the paper type to be used.• Fusing temperature adjustment can be made from Service mode/Machine adjustment/

urther adjustment is neces-

to the print control when a

nsure that the temperature ined temperature range.

wer mode than in the

Pressure roller

20 C to + 5 C (step: 5 C)

5 C to + 5 C (step: 5 C)

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Fusing temperature.• Adjust the fusing temperature at the heating side first. If the f

sary, adjust on the pressure side.

18.3.6 Temperature control during stand-by

• The standby temperature is controlled to accelerate the shiftprint job is received.

• Each of the heater lamps is controlled to turn ON or OFF to eof the fusing belt and pressure roller falls within a predeterm

18.3.7 Temperature control during low power mode

• Fusing temperature is controlled at a level lower in the low postandby state in order to reduce power consumption.

Paper type Fusing belt

Plain paper

- 20 C to + 5 C (step: 5 C) -

OHP film

Thick paper 1

Thick paper 2

Thick paper 3

Thick paper 4

Envelopes - 5 C to + 5 C (step: 5 C) -

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18.3.8 Protection from abnormally high temperature

• The machine provides protection against abnormally high temperature of the fusing unit in the following three steps.

A. Level 1• If the heating roller thermistor/C detects a predetermined temperature or more for more

than a predetermined period of time, the temperature is judged to be abnormally high. Trouble code C3721: Abnormal high fusing temp. detection (center of heater side) will be displayed.

• When the fusing pressure roller thermistor detects a predetermined temperature or more for more than a predetermined period of time, the temperature is considered to be abnor-mally high. Trouble code C3723: Abnormal high temp. (press side) will be displayed.

• When the trouble code is displayed, printing will be prohibited.

B. Level 2• A different protection is provided when the CPU overruns, becoming unable to detect the

malfunction of an abnormally high temperature. If any of the thermistors detects an pply is turned OFF through lamps is then shut down. heater relay being OFF, the 3721: Fusing abnormal high

played.heater lamps can be shut es damage to the fusing unit

roaches 1 and 2 above is not hermostat comes into play to

ounter is automatically fusing unit.

rinted images, the printed nd the machine prevents the

to the fusing temperature.

perature on both side ends e is decreased. to the paper width and

rks, timing to start feeding he target temperature.

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abnormal temperature, the heater relay of the DC power suthe printer board. Power supply to each of the fusing heater

• When the hardware circuit in the DC power unit detects thetemperature is judged to be abnormally high. Trouble code Ctemperature detection (center of the heater side) will be dis

• Through these control procedures, the power supply to the down before the thermostat is activated. It thereby suppressitself.

C. Level 3• If detection of the abnormally high temperature through app

possible due to a defective thermistor or other reason, the tshut down the power supply to each of the heater lamps.

18.3.9 Detection of a new fusing unit

• When a new fusing unit is installed in the machine, the life ccleared through the machine’s capability of detecting a new

• New unit detection is made under the following situations.The main power switch is turned ON.The machine is reactivated from sleep mode.

18.3.10 PPM control

A. Pressure roller fusing temperature PPM control• To achieve the intended level of fusing performance of the p

pages/minute value is reduced in a continuous print cycle asurface temperature of the pressure roller from decreasing.

• The print speed in a continuous print cycle varies according

B. Small size paper PPM control• In a continuous print cycle of small paper, to prevent the tem

of the fusing belt from rising, the printed pages/minute valu• The print speed in a continuous print cycle varies according

length.

18.3.11 Delay control

A. Delay control for starting printing• In order to secure the stability and to avoid the exit roller ma

paper will be delayed so that the fusing belt will be kept at t


19. Paper exit/switchback section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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19. Paper exit/switchback section

19.1 Composition

A

A02FT2C042AA

oling fan motor (FM11)

Paper exit sensor (PS2)

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A02ET2C629A

Paper exit/switch back roller

Fusing cover co


Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 19. Paper exit/switchback section

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19.2 Drive

A02FT2C044AA

Fusing motor (M2)

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19. Paper exit/switchback section Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008bi

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19.3 Operation

19.3.1 Paper exit control

A. Paper exit control• The fusing motor, which drives the paper exit/switch back roller, is controlled by the out-

put from the paper exit sensor.• In single-sided printing, the paper exit/switchback roller rotates forward and the paper

conveyed from the fusing section is ejected onto the paper exit tray.

A02FT2C045AA

Paper exit/switch back roller(Duplex unit not mounted)

Paper exit sensor (PS2)

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Exit tray

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 20. Image stabilization control

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20. Image stabilization control

20.1 Overview

• The machine provides the following image stabilization control to ensure stabilized copy image.

Purpose Control Detection means

To stabilize image densityTo stabilize gradation

• IDC registration sensor adjust-ment control

• Max. density adjustment control• LD intensity adjustment control* Registration control (color shift

correction)• Gamma correction control

IDC registration sensorsTemperature/humidity sensor

To stabilize toner density * TCR control (Y,M,C,K) TCR sensor

* Image transfer output controlTemperature/humidity sensor

IN

OUT

2nd imagetransfer roller

oltage Vg

IDC registration sensor

Transfer ATVC control

PCdrum/

K

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* An explanation is given of the control for each section.

To stabilize image transfer• 2nd image transfer ATVC

Image DensityGradation controlGamma correction dataGradation correction table

OUT/IN

Toner supply motor

Toner repleni-shing control

TCR sensor Developing bias Vdc Grid v

Temperature/humidity sensor

D MAX densityBackground voltage marginATDC toner supply

· To be set on control panel

PCdrum/

Y

PCdrum/

M

PCdrum/

C


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20.2 Operation

20.2.1 IDC registration sensor adjustment control

• Controls changes in characteristics due to change with time and contamination of the transfer belt and IDC registration sensor, part-to-part variations in the sensors, and change of environment.

• IDC registration sensor output is corrected on a part of the transfer belt (back ground level) that no toner adhered.

20.2.2 Max. density adjustment control

• The developing bias (Vdc) is adjusted to control changes in the solid density resulting from variations in developing characteristics, variations in sensitivity of the PC drum, and changes in the environment, durability, and the amount of charge in toner.

• Patterns are produced on the surface of the transfer belt and the IDC registration sensor detects the amount of toner sticking to them.

• Referring to the detected data and the environment data taken by the temperature/e appropriate maximum

und margin adjustment

e reverse outline, which is the PC drum, developing ual difference, environment

elt with the given level of LD sor.sensor data.

ct changes in gradation racteristics are caused by ristics and changes with

ates gradation characteris-nsor.ted from individual grada- each gradation.

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humidity sensors, the developing bias value that results in thdensity is calculated and stored in memory.

• Thereafter, the grid voltage (Vg) value, including the backgrovalue, is calculated and stored in memory.

20.2.3 LD (laser diode) intensity adjustment control

• It adjusts the variation in reproducibility of the thin line and thresulting from the variations in electrostatic characteristics ofcharacteristics and transfer characteristics in terms of individand durability, to make it the target level.

• It produces detection patterns on the surface of the transfer bintensity and detects the output value of IDC registration sen

• LD intensity is calculated from the detected IDC registration

20.2.4 Gamma correction control

• The intensity of LD in all gradation levels is adjusted to correcharacteristics to a linear one. The changes in gradation chavariations in the PC drum sensitivity and developing charactetime and in environment.

• It produces gradation patterns on the transfer belt and calcultics output by the current engine with the IDC registration se

• The gamma correction data is calculated from the data detections and different optimum LD intensities are determined for

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20.3 Operation sequence

• One of the six modes is selected for image stabilization operation.

in the last IDC registration surface of the transfer belt ed value is out of the speci-is carried out.

istic tilted value and Vdc

e for characteristic tilted

for LD intensity for adjust-.

s setting value for LD inten-tment pattern.

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5 Mode 6

1IDC registra-tion sensor adjustment

IDC registra-tion sensor detection





2Dmax density adjustment 1

Dmax density adjustment 2

Simplified reg-istration


Simplified gamma cor-rection

Dmax density adjustment 2

3LD light inten-sity adjust-ment 1


Simplified gamma cor-rection

— —LD light inten-sity adjust-ment 2

4 RegistrationSimplified gamma cor-rection

— — —Simplified reg-istration

—Simplified gamma cor-rection

— —

— —

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*IDC registration sensor detection:The IDC registration sensor uses the output value calculated sensor adjustment and check that the value measured on the(background level) is within the specified range. If the measurfied range, mode 1 is used when the next image stabilization

* Max. density adjustment control 1: Use default for charactervalue.

Max. density adjustment control 2: Use previous setting valuvalue and Vdc value.

* LD (laser diode) intensity adjustment control 1: Use default ment pattern

LD (laser diode) intensity adjustment control 2: Use previousity for adjus

5Dmax density adjustment 2

— — —

6LD light inten-sity adjust-ment 2

— — —

7Gamma cor-rection

— — —



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20.4 Operation timing

A. Image stabilization at initial operation

Mode Operation timing Operation condition

Mode 1

• At main power ON or sub power ON

• Front door opened and closed

• At the start of image stabili-zation after the last time when it was

• A new transfer belt is detected• A new IU is detected (Image stabilization sequence is executed only

for a new IU that has been installed)• Toner empty state is reset.• In the last image stabilization, the value of IDC registration sensor

detection was out of the specified range.• The absolute humidity change from the last image stabilization is

greater than a predetermined value.• The print count reaches 1000 or more after image stabilization was

performed last time.• During the last image stabilization, a trouble code (P-21/P-22)

appeared.

image stabilization was per-

the last image stabilization.

e stabilization is greater than

f change in re starting a

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B. Image stabilization from the service mode

C. Image stabilization before the start of a print job

interrupted

Mode 2

• The print count is less than 1000 after formed last time.

• Being reacti-vated from sleep

• The specified period has passed since

Mode 4

• At main power ON or sub power ON

• Front door opened and closed

• Being reacti-vated from sleep

• Temperature change from the last imagthe specified value.

• Waste toner full detection is reset.

Mode Operation condition

Mode 1 Initialize + Stabilization

Mode 6 Stabilization only

Mode Operation condition

Mode 4During standby, the machine detects the specified amount oinner temperature from the last image stabilization (Only befocolor print job.)

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D. Image stabilization during a print job

Mode

Operation conditions

Operation timing

Print count from the last time when image stabilization was performed *3

Absolute humidity change that exceeds a pre-determined value from the last time image stabilization was performed

Temperature change that exceeds a pre-determined value from the last time image stabilization was performed

1000 or more *1Presence • Interrupts a print job and performs

image stabilizationAbsence

800 or more *1Presence • Performs image stabilization during

an interval between sets of printsAbsence

r the completion of a print jobing an interval from when mono-me printing completes to when r printing startsrrupts a print job and performs ge stabilization if the print job 50 or more remaining pages to rinted

r the completion of a print jobing an interval from when mono-me printing completes to when r printing starts

rrupts a print job and performs ge stabilization

forms image stabilization during nterval between sets of prints



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Mode 1 Presence

Less than 800

Presence

• Afte• Dur

chrocolo

• Inteimahasbe p

Absence

• Afte• Dur

chrocolo

Mode 2 *2Mode 3

1000 or more *1

Absence Presence

• Inteima

800 or more *1• Per

an i

400 or more

• Afte• Dur

chrocolo

• Inteimahasbe p

Mode 4 Less than 400 Absence Presence

• Afte• Dur

chrocolo

• Inteimahasbe p



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mage stabilization may not detects that the print count eaches 1000 or more, print-he printer detects that the performed reaches 800 or tween sets of prints.ection data was not within a st time.

d by the “IDC registration as out of a predetermined

-21/P-22) appeared during

Mode

Operation conditions

Operation timing

Print count from the last time when image stabilization was performed *3

Absolutehumidity change that exceeds a pre-determined value from the last time image stabilization was performed

Temperature change that exceeds a pre-determined value from the last time image stabilization was performed

Mode 5

1000 or more *1

Absence Absence

• Interrupts a print job and performs image stabilization

800 or more *1• Performs image stabilization during

an interval between sets of prints

• After the completion of a print jobg an interval from when mono-e printing completes to when

printing starts

e

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*1: During a print job of many pages, there is a possibility that ibe performed until the end of the print job. When the printerfrom the last time when image stabilization was performed ring is stopped and image stabilization is performed. When tprint count from the last time when image stabilization was more, image stabilization is performed during an interval be

*2: Image stabilization will operate in mode 2 if the gamma corrpredetermined range in the image stabilization performed la

*3: How to count the number of prints

• Image stabilization will operate in mode 1 if the value providesensor detection” at the time of the last image stabilization wrange.

• Image stabilization will operate in mode 1 if a trouble code (Pthe last image stabilization.

400 or more• Durin

chromcolor

Lengths in sub scan directionCount number

Monochrome mode Color mod

216 mm or under 1 2

over 216 mm 2 4

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 21. Image processing

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21. Image processing

21.1 Scanner section image processing block diagram

med by the scanner section. reflected off the original and nal. To make data process-

wo channels, one for even-ls. sensor chips are synthe-

turn converted to 8-bit digital

section through the interface

CCDU board

BCRU board

To the MFBU board

1. Photoelectric conversion

2. Analog-to-digital conversion

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• The following detail the image processing operations perfor1. A reduction type CCD sensor is used to read the light

convert the optical data to a corresponding electric siging faster, data transfer and output are done through tnumbered pixels and the other for odd-numbered pixe

2. The odd and even analog signals output from the CCDsized to form a single string of signal data which is in signals (256 gradation levels).

• The image data is transmitted to MFBU board on the write cable.


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21.2 Write section image processing block diagram

From scanner section

MFBU board

work output, FAX output

4. Converting color space (RGB YMCK)

1. Shading correction

2. Line-to-line variation correction

3. Gamma correction

5. Background adjustment

PEG image output

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To PH unit

Binary data

9. Brightness adjustment

11. Converting color space (YMCK RGB)

Color copying Monochrome copying

Net

Multi-valued data(8 bit data)Multi-valued data

(8 bit data)

6. Enlargement or reduction

7. Sharpness adjustment

8. Contrast adjustment

10. Saturation adjustment

13. J

12. Error diffusion (binary)

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 21. Image processing

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• The following detail the image processing operations performed by MFBU board on the Write section.

1. A correction is made of errors that occur due to variations in sensitivity of each CCD chip and the light distribution varying along the length of the exposure lamp. The shading correction is made by holding the peak value, i.e., the maximum value of readings taken of multiple lines, to prevent adverse effects on the image due to dust on the shading sheet.

2. Memory called FIFO is employed to compensate for a deviation in the scanning position of the original, which represents a gap between two adjacent CCD chips, thereby matching the output timing of R, G, and B data.

3. Makes the necessary corrections so that the printed gradations have linear charac-teristics, since the image density of the input image data is not directly proportional to that of the printed image because of the changing developing and PC drum char-acteristics.

4. The R, G, and B data are translated to corresponding Y, M, C, and K density data.5. A background adjustment of the image data is made according to the settings

e settings made on the con-

cording to the settings made

rding to the settings made on



ng R, G, and B density data.le data, converts to 2-value ta., performs raster/block con-

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made on the control panel and other controls.6. The image data is enlarged or reduced according to th

trol panel and other controls.7. A sharpness adjustment of the image data is made ac

on the control panel and other controls.8. A contrast adjustment of the image data is made acco

the control panel and other controls.9. A brightness adjustment of the image data is made ac

on the control panel and other controls.10. A saturation adjustment of the image data is made ac

on the control panel and other controls.11. The Y, M, C, and K data are translated to correspondi12. This converts RGB 24-bit image data to 8-bit gray sca

data by error diffusion processing, and outputs the da13. This performs sub-sampling processing of YMCK data

version, and outputs the data.


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22. Other control

22.1 Fan control

22.1.1 Construction

A02FT2C046AA/1 (FM16)

Suction fan motor (FM10)

Fusing cover cooling fan motor (FM11)

Fusing cooling fan motor (FM13)

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Cooling fan motor

Exhaust fan motor (FM14)

Power supply cooling fan motor (FM8)

Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation Ver. 1.0 Sep. 2008 22. Other control

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22.1.2 Operation

A. Function

Motor name Control conditions


• To avoid temperature increase at the DC power supply section, heat accumulated inside the machine will be discharged outside.

Suction fan motor (FM10) • Paper will be sucked between 2nd transfer part and fusing part, so it will have a stable behavior and go smoothly into the fusing roller.

• The air inside will be exhausted outside the unit.


• When the paper with toner heated at fusing part exit while still at high temperature, toner may be transferred to other paper on the exit tray.In order to avoid this, air is applied to cool the toner and paper.


• To avoid temperature increase at the switchback motor, heat accumu-lated at the paper exit drive section will be discharged outside the machine.

• To avoid temperature increase in paper, heat accumulated inside the tside the machine.

cause of the lower sensitivity of around the PC drum charge one filter removes the ozone ep the sensitivity of the PC drum.arge corona will be absorbed by

aging unit, PH unit, or image into the machine.

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paper exit section will be discharged ou

Exhaust fan motor (FM14) • A white belt may occur on the image bethe PC drum due to ozone accumulatedcorona. In order to avoid this trouble, ozinside the PC drum charge corona to ke

• Ozone accumulated around PC drum chozone filter and be removed.

Cooling fan motor/1 (FM16)

• To avoid temperature increase at the imtransfer section, outside air will be taken



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B. Fan control

Motor name Control Control conditions (outline)


OFF • When updating the firmware• In sleep

ON(Half speed)

• In standby• At paper-jam, in trouble, or when the door is open• When a waste toner box, IU, or TC is not installed• In low-power

ON(Full speed)

• At warm-up• At fusing roller's preparatory rotation• At initial operation, image stabilization, function *1• When printing

Suction fan motor (FM10)

OFF • At paper-jam, in trouble, or when the door is open• When updating the firmware• In sleep

or TC is not installed

preparatory rotationbilization, function *1

or TC is not installed

bilization, function *1

ed when printing a single-sided he second print cycle when out a paper exit option). *2

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• When a waste toner box, IU,

ON(Half speed)

• At warm-up, At fusing roller's • At initial operation, image sta• In low-power• In standby

ON(Full speed)

• When printing


OFF • When the door is open• In sleep• When updating the firmware• When a waste toner box, IU,

ON(Half speed)

• At paper-jam, in trouble• In standby• At initial operation, image sta• In low-power

ON(Full speed)

• When printing Half speed rotation is perform(plain paper job or including tprinting with the machine with

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check etc.)er present condition, the fan

ate at full speed and then will

Motor name Control Control conditions (outline)


OFF • At paper-jam, in trouble, or when the door is open• When updating the firmware• In sleep• When a waste toner box, IU, or TC is not installed

ON(Half speed)

• In standby• At warm-up, At fusing roller's preparatory rotation• At initial operation, image stabilization, function *1• In low-power

ON(Full speed)

• When printing

Exhaust fan motor (FM14)

OFF • At paper-jam, in trouble, or when the door is open• When updating the firmware• In low-power or sleep• In standby

rotation, or TC is not installed

—

abilization, function *1

hen the door is open

, or TC is not installed

rotation

abilization, function *1

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*1: Some operations selected in the service mode (Paper path*2: During a print job, until the paper exit sensor detects a papmotor continues to rotate at half speed.

Half speed control: When switching from stop to half speed control, the fan will rotrotate at half speed.

• At fusing roller's preparatory• When a waste toner box, IU

ON(Half speed)

ON(Full speed)

• At warm-up• At initial operation, image st• When printing

Cooling fan motor/1 (FM16)

OFF • At paper-jam, in trouble, or w• In low-power or sleep• When updating the firmware• When a waste toner box, IU• In standby

ON(Half speed)

• At fusing roller's preparatory

ON(Full speed)

• At warm-up• When printing • At initial operation, image st



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22.2 Counter control

22.2.1 Construction

f service mode. setting].

rints of all jobs.al

rints produced in the copy,

r, Total

TX counter, Fax RX counter

counter, total duplex counter

A02ET2C700AA

Total counter

Electronic counter

Printer control board (PRCB)

MFBU board (MFPB)

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NOTE• The counting modes can be selected at [billing setting] o

For details, see [Field service/adjustment/setting/billing

Name Function/system

Total counter • Displays the cumulative number of copies and p• A mechanical counter driven by an electric sign• Counts one when an exit signal is applied to it

Electronic counter • Displays the cumulative number of copies and pprinter, scan, and other modes.

• Counts one when an exit signal is applied to it.

Copy Black, Full color, Single color, 2 colo

Print Black, Full color, 2 color, Total

Scan/Fax Black, Full color, Scan counter, Fax

Other No. of originals counter, No. of prints

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22.3 Parts operated when the main power switch and sub power switch are turned ON

22.3.1 Parts operated when the main power switch and sub power switch are turned ON

• When the sub power switch is turned ON, MFBU board detects it and sends a control signal to the DC power supply through the printer control board.

• The DC power supply then supplies 3.3 V DC, 5V DC, 12V DC, 15 V DC, and 24 V DC to all boards and options. It also turns ON the relays in the PWBs, preparing AC power ready to be supplied to each heater lamp.

ower switch before and d then goes out.

FF the main power switch If a setting value or values

ore to incorporate the set-

A02FT2J047AA

Sub power switch

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NOTE• To turn OFF the main power switch, turn OFF the sub p
make sure that blue lighting of the start key turns off an• To turn OFF and ON the main power switch, first turn O

and wait for 10 sec. or more before turning it ON again.in the tech. rep. mode are changed, it takes 10 sec. or mting changes properly in the machine.

• Power switch OFF/ON procedure 1. Turn OFF the sub power switch. 2. Turn OFF the main power switch. 3. Wait for 10 sec. 4. Turn ON the main power switch. 5. Turn ON the sub power switch.

Main power switch



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Theory of Operation

UPDATING STATUS

DATE UPDATED PAGES PAGES CODE

09/2008 1ST EDITION 120 Y109670-2

color printer d-color 201mf -...

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