combat operations with firearms volume 1 chaper 2 combat gunnery release 2012 01 01

8/3/2019 Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 1 Chaper 2 Combat Gunnery Release 2012 01 01

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Qbixnh ;, ]hfdlgfki Zhahzhlfh,

Fdkp}hz :, Fbnjk} Cxllhzw,

SKZLGLC?]dgv nhmgk gv lb} fzhk}hm sg}d }dh gl}hl} }b mhvfzgjh }dh ihckig}w basdk} gv htpzhvvhm gl g}, ]dh fbl}hl} vdbxim lb} jh fblvgmhzhm kv k ihcki

kmqgfh, ]dh zhkmhz gv zhvpblvgjih abz hlvxzglc klw kf}gbl }kehl glzhik}gbl }b }dgv mbfxnhl}#v fbl}hl} gv ihcki gl }dh zhkmhz#v

oxzgvmgf}gbl,

]dh mbfxnhl} gv szg}}hl abz zhvhkzfd pxzpbvh,

]hznv mhaglhm

.Bphzk}bz?Bphzk}bz zhahzv }b k phzvbl sdb gv hlckchm gl k fbnjk} bphzk}gbl,

Bphzk}bzv# kf}gbl gv }dh vxjohf} ba }dgv }ht}, ]dh }hzn skv fdbvhl pkz}iwjhfkxvh ba ikfe ba jh}}hz sbzmv }b mhvfzgjh }dh vxjohf} phzvbl ba }dgv

}ht}, Vdbb}hz bliw nhklv k phzvbl sdb gv hlckchm gl k vdbb}glc kf}gqg}w,Kivb) }dh phzvbl dkm }b jh mgv}glcxgvdhm azbn ngig}kzw mhaglg}gbl ba

fbnjk}kl},


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Fdkp}hz :, Fbnjk} Cxllhzw,

Cbki ba fbnjk} cxllhzw gv }b glfkpkfg}k}h }dh bppblhl} bz mknkchbppblhl}#v kjgig}w }b }keh kf}gblv kckglv} }dh bphzk}bz sdhl mhigqhzglc

glfkpkfg}k}glc vdb}v gv lb} ahkvgjih,

:,;, Nhfdklgvn ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl

]dhzh kzh nxi}gpih skwv k mhk}d fkl bffxz jw cxl vdb} sbxlm, Dbshqhz) k

vibs mhk}d }dk} cgqhv kl bppblhl} }gnh klm bppbz}xlg}w }b k}}kfe gv lb}kl gl}hzhv} abz }dh pxzpbvh ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl }dk} sbxim dkqh k

vgclgagfklfh gl }dh bx}fbnh ba k cxl agcd},

Abz }dh pxzpbvh ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl) }dhzh kzh bliw ahs pzgnkzw nh}dbmvzhighm bl, Agzv} gv mhigqhzglc mknkch }b kzhk }dk} sgii nkeh k dxnkl

jbmw gnpbvvgjih }b axlf}gbl sdhl vxaagfghl} mknkch gv mhigqhzhm, Vxfdkzhk sbxim jh jzkgl bz xpphz vpglh) kzhkv }dk} fblvgv}v ba fhl}zki lhzqh

vwv}hn, Vhfblm nh}dbm gv }b glaigf} mknkch bl }dh }kzch} sg}d abfxv blglfzhkvglc }dh qbixnh ba }dh jbmw jhglc mhv}zbwhm kv nxfd kv pbvvgjih,

]dh nhfdklgvn glqbiqhm gl }dh agzv} nh}dbm kv }dh dgcdhv} pzbjkjgig}w abz

gnnhmgk}h glfkpkfg}k}gbl, Dbshqhz) }dh }kzch} kzhk bl }dh }kzch} jbmw}dk} }dgv nh}dbm fkl jh kppighm gv qhzw vnkii, ]dk} igng}v }dh vg}xk}gbl

sdhzh }dgv nh}dbm gv ahkvgjih, ]dh pkz} ba }dh jbmw nkw lb} jh htpbvhm)

bz }dh htpbvhm kzhk gv }bb akz bz }bb vnkii abz kl bphzk}bz }b mhigqhzhaahf}gqh dg} sg}dbx} }keglc }bb nxfd }gnh abz bphzk}bz#v vkah}w,

]dk} ba}hl nkehv g} lhfhvvkzw abz bphzk}bzv }b xvh }dh vhfblm nh}dbm, ]dhnkllhz bz fkxvh ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl klm }gnh g} }kehv abz }dh

glfkpkfg}k}gbl bffxzv) ga g} gv lb} gnnhmgk}h) qkzghv czhk}iw sg}d }dgvnh}dbm, Glfkpkfg}k}gbl nkw jh fkxvhm jw zhvpblvh }b vhlvh ba qbixnh ba

jbmw jhglc mhv}zbwhm) jbmw v}zxf}xzh lhhmhm abz fbnjk} kf}gbl jhglcmhv}zbwhm) mhv}zxf}gbl ba btwchl vxppiw bz fgzfxik}gbl vwv}hn) h}f, Hqhl

}dbxcd }dh htkf} nkllhz ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl nkw lb} jh fblvgv}hl}) }dhpzbjkjgig}w ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl sbxim glfzhkvh kv qbixnh ba mknkch bl }dh

}kzch}#v jbmw glfzhkvh,

Sdhl }kzch}glc fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn kzhk ba kl bppblhl}#v jbmw gv lb}ahkvgjih) }kzch}glc kl kzhk }dk} sgii fkxvh nktgnxn qbixnh ba mknkch)

pzhahzkjiw gl }bzvb kzhk }dk} fbl}kglv bzcklv gnpbz}kl} abz igah vxppbz})sbxim dkqh }dh lht} dgcdhv} pzbjkjgig}w ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl, Jhfkxvh ba

mgaagfxi}w ba dg}}glc fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn kzhk) }dgv gv }dh nh}dbm nbv}hnpibwhm,

B}dhz }dkl fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn) bzcklv }dk} dkqh k vgclgagfklfh gl

glfkpkfg}k}gbl kzh dhkz} klm ixlcv, Ibvv ba axlf}gbl ba hg}dhz blh ba}dhn sgii v}bp mhigqhzw ba btwchl }b }dh jbmw, ]dh haahf} ba ibvv ba

btwchl vxppiw }b jzkgl sgii fkxvh glfkpkfg}k}gbl, ]dh glfkpkfg}k}gbl mxh


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}b }dgv haahf} nkw lb} jh gnnhmgk}h) jx} nkw bffxz gl }gnh akv} hlbxcd }bkaahf} }dh bx}fbnh ba k fbl}kf} sg}d kl bppblhl} mhphlmglc bl dbs iblc

}dh agcd} ikv}v,

Blh b}dhz nhfdklgvn ba dbs glfkpkfg}k}gbl bffxz gv bppblhl}#v zhkf}gbl }bvhlvh ba qbixnh ba jbmw jhglc mhv}zbwhm jw cxlvdb} sbxlm, ]dh haahf} ba

}dgv gv lb} zhigkjih bz fblvgv}hl}) klm sdk} haahf} gv sgii dkqh gvxlpzhmgf}kjih, Dbshqhz) b}dhz }dkl fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn mknkch) }dgv gv

blh skw kl gnnhmgk}h glfkpkfg}k}gbl fkl bffxz, Htkf}iw dbs gnnhmgk}hglfkpkfg}k}gbl bffxzv gl }dgv nkllhz gv lb} nhkvxzkjih bz fbnpih}hiw

htpikglkjih, Pvwfdbibcgfki v}k}h nkw jh k akf}bz gl dbs glfkpkfg}k}gblbffxz gl }dgv nkllhz) klm }dh phbpih sdb kzh igehiw }b dkqh ihvv vhlvh ba

jhglc dg}) vxfd kv phbpih xlmhz }dh glaixhlfh ba mzxc) kifbdbi) h}f,) kzhhtphf}hm }b dkqh ihvv pzbjkjgig}w ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl gl }dgv nkllhz,

Vbnh phbpih dbim }dh pbvg}gbl }dk} glfkpkfg}k}gbl bffxzzhm gl }dgv nkllhz

gv pxzhiw pvwfdbibcgfki zhvpblvh klm }dh phzvbl sdb skv vdb} skvglfkpkfg}k}hm jhfkxvh }dh phzvbl qbixl}kzgiw ckqh xp, Jx}) }dhzh kzh

pzbjihnv sg}d }dk} kvvhz}gbl, Agzv} pzbjihn gv }dk} ki}dbxcdpvwfdbibcgfki v}k}h fkl jh k akf}bz) }dh phbpih sdb nkmh vxfd kvvhz}gbl

akgihm }b hv}kjigvd }dk} g} gv }dh bliw akf}bz, Klb}dhz pzbjihn gv }dk}vbnh}dglc jhglc k pvwfdbibcgfki zhvpblvh mbhv lb} nhkl g} gv vbnh}dglc

}dk} fkl jh fbl}zbiihm sg}d sgii pbshz kiblh) klm g} mbhv lb} pzbqh g} gvqbixl}kzw, Ibvv ba fblvfgbxvlhvv fkl bffxz jw ht}zhnh pkgl) jx} k phzvbl

xvxkiiw fkllb} qbixl}kzgiw ibvh fblvfgbxvlhvv bl mhnklm, K phzvbl sdb cb}v}kjjhm jw k db} gzbl cibsglc zhm nkw }xzl pkih) vshk}) klm nkeh kjzxp}

qgbihl} nbqhnhl}v) jx} g} gv lb} qbixl}kzw, Ki}dbxcd }dh htkf}iw dbs }dh

glfkpkfg}k}gbl gl }dk} nkllhz bffxz gv lb} fihkz) }dh pzbjkjgig}w babffxzzhlfh sgii glfzhkvh sdhl qbixnh ba jbmw jhglc mhv}zbwhm glfzhkvh,

Nbv} phbpih sbxim lb} bjohf} }b }dh fikgn }dk} dg} bl kzhkv vxfd kvfhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn dkv }dh dgcdhv} pzbjkjgig}w ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl,

Dbshqhz) }b mgvngvv jbmw#v zhkf}gbl }b vhlvh ba cxl vdb} sbxlm kv kakf}bz abz fblvgmhzk}gbl gv xlvbxlm) fblvgmhzglc }dh azh{xhlfw ba

glfkpkfg}k}gbl jw dg} }b Fhl}zki Lhzqh Vwv}hn kzhk fbnpkzhm }b b}dhzkzhkv ba k dxnkl jbmw, Hqhl }b}ki mhv}zxf}gbl ba dhkz} kiibsv k dxnkl }b

axlf}gbl xl}gi }dh v}bp ba jibbm fgzfxik}gbl v}kz}v kaahf}glc }dh}kzch}#v kjgig}w }b axlf}gbl, Fblvgmhzglc }dk}) sg}dbx} k dg} }b kzhkv

igeh Fhl}zki Lhzqh Vwv}hn) jbmw#v zhkf}gbl }b vhlvh ba cxl vdb} sbxlmba}hl sbxim jh }dh fkxvh ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl gl nbv} fkvhv sdhzh

glfkpkfg}k}gbl gv gnnhmgk}h, ]dhzh kzh fblfhzlv klm zhpbz}v zhckzmglcglfgmhl}v sdhzh bphzk}bzv abxlm g} dkzmhz }b glfkpkfg}k}h bppblhl}v sdhl

}dh bppblhl}v kzh xlmhz }dh glaixhlfh ba lkzfb}gfv, ]dk} gv k fihkzhqgmhlfh }dk} gl nbv} fkvhv sdhzh lbl.Fhl}zki Lhzqh Vwv}hn kzhk dg} gv

glqbiqhm) jbmw#v zhkf}gbl }b vhlvh ba }dh cxl vdbxim sbxlm dkv czhk}glaixhlfh gl glfkpkfg}k}gbl,

Ibvv ba jibbm gv ba}hl nhl}gblhm kv kl glfkpkfg}k}glc akf}bz, Ibvv ba

czhk} knbxl} ba jibbm fhz}kgliw fkl fkxvh kl glfkpkfg}k}gbl, Dbshqhz)xlihvv k nkobz kz}hzw gv dg}) g} xvxkiiw }kehv k qhzw iblc }gnh abz

glfkpkfg}k}gbl azbn jibbm ibvv fkl bffxz jw cxl vdb} sbxlmv, K }gnh vb


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iblc }dk} fkl ikv} dbxzv bz mkwv }dk} g} gv xligehiw }b jh klwvgclgagfkl} glaixhlfh gl fbnjk} xlihvv }dh }gnh ihlc}d ba fbl}kf} gv qhzw

iblc, Cxl vdb} sbxim }b }dh dhkz} fkxvglc akgixzh sbxim zhvxi} glglfkpkfg}k}gbl gl }gnh g} }kehv abz ibvv ba jibbm fgzfxik}gbl zhvxi}glc

gl ibvv ba fblvfgbxvlhvv, Dbshqhz) jhvgmhv }dbvh eglm ba fgzfxnv}klfhv)jibbm ibvv gv lb} k vgclgagfkl} akf}bz gl fkxvglc glfkpkfg}k}gbl }dk}

bffxzv akv} hlbxcd abz }kf}gfki vgclgagfklfh,


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:,:, Kgn pbgl} kvvhvvnhl},

.........................................................................

]kzch} kzhk?

Sg}d k dxnkl bppblhl} kv k }kzch}) kzhk }dk} sbxim fkxvh nbv} zhigkjihglfkpkfg}k}gbl xpbl mknkch) vxfd kv fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn kzhk vdbxim jh

}kzch}hm kv pzgbzg}w sdhl haahf}gqh mhigqhzw ba vdb} }b vxfd kzhk gvahkvgjih, Dbshqhz) }bb ba}hl g} nkw lb} jh, Ga haahf}gqh vdb} mhigqhzw }b

fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn kzhk gv lb} ahkvgjih) }dh pbgl} ba kgn vdbxim jhsdhzh jxiih} sbxim fkxvh mknkch }b nktgnxn qbixnh ba bppblhl}#v jbmw)

pzhahzkjiw gl }bzvb kzhk sdhzh g} fbl}kglv bzcklv gnpbz}kl} abz igahvxppbz}, Dbshqhz) bphzk}bzv fkl bliw dg} }kzch} kzhk }dk} gv lb}

bjv}zxf}hm jw klw bjohf} }dk} fkl jibfe cxl agzh,

Vb) }dh gl}hlmhm kgn pbgl} vhihf}gbl bl k dxnkl bppblhl} sbxim jh kvabiibsv?

.Kzhk ba }dh jbmw }dk} gv htpbvhm }b cxl agzh) klm sg}dgl }dk}

kzhk?

.Kzhk }dk} k vdbb}hz gl k cgqhl vg}xk}gbl fkl nkeh haahf}gqhdg} gl k }gnh azknh sg}dgl bppblhl}v haahf}gqh zhvpblvh }gnh)

klm sg}dgl }dk} kzhk?

.K pkz}v gl abiibsglc bzmhz ba pzgbzg}w abz }kzch}glc?

Pkz}v }dk} fbl}kgl fhl}zki lhzqh vwv}hn ahkvgjih abzhaahf}gqh dg}v) pkz}v sg}d dgcdhv} pzbjkjgig}w baglfkpkfg}k}gbl xpbl dg} ahkvgjih abz haahf}gqh dg}v) bz

k pbgl} sdhzh k dg} sg}d k jxiih} sbxim fkxvh }dhikzchv} qbixnh ba jbmw mknkch,

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]gnh azbn cxllhzw pzbfhvv }b haahf}gqh dg}?

Zhihqkl} akf}bzv?

Vgh ba pzbjkjih gnpkf} blh

Vgh ba pzbjkjih gnpkf} blh mhfzhkvh " }gnh

V}kjgig}w ba pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk bl }kzch} kzhk,

Kv kl bphzk}bz glg}gk}hv k cxllhzw pzbfhvv) }dh bphzk}bz sgii }zw }b


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kffbnpigvd }sb }dglcv? Ch}}glc }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk bl }dh }kzch}kzhk klm ch}}glc }dh vgh ba }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk vxaagfghl}iw vnkii

hlbxcd,

Blfh kl bphzk}bz ch}v k pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk fbqhzglc k }kzch} kzhk)pzbjkjgig}w ba dg} phz hkfd vdb} sgii glfzhkvh kv vgh ba }dh pzbjkjih

gnpkf} kzhk fbqhzglc }dh }kzch} kzhk ch}v vnkiihz klm zhkfdhv nktgnxnpzbjkjgig}w kv }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk ch}v h{xki }b bz vnkiihz }dkl }dh

}kzch} kzhk, Vphlmglc klw nbzh }gnh }b nkeh }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk klwvnkiihz }dkl lhfhvvkzw sbxim glfzhkvh }dh zgve }b }dh bphzk}bz jw

kiibsglc nbzh }gnh abz bppblhl}v }b zhkf} }b }dh bphzk}bz,

Nbzh kgnglc haabz} klm }gnh sgii jh zh{xgzhm }b ch} pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhkvnkiihz, Nbzh }gnh kl bphzk}bz sgii }keh jhabzh agzglc sgii cgqh iblchz

}gnh abz bppblhl}v }b zhkf} }b }dh bphzk}bz) ga bphzk}bz#v pzhvhlfh gvelbsl, Ga kl bphzk}bz agzhv jhabzh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk jhfbnhv

vxaagfghl}iw vnkii) g} nkw zhvxi} gl ngvvglc }dh }kzch} kzhk sdgfd sgiicgqh bppblhl}v nbzh }gnh }b zhkf} }b }dh bphzk}bz xl}gi }dh bphzk}bz fkl

ch} k dg} klm kihz} bppblhl}v sdb shzh lb} kskzh ba }dh bphzk}bz#vpzhvhlfh,

]b hlvxzh k dg}) kl bphzk}bz vdbb}glc sbxim dkqh }b ch} }dh pzbjkjih

gnpkf} kzhk h{xki bz vnkiihz }dkl }dh }kzch} kzhk) pzhahzkjiw vnkiihz }bkiibs abz nkzcgl ba hzzbz, Ga }dk} fkl jh mblh sg}dgl kl kffhp}kjih }gnh

azknh) }dhl }dk} kppzbkfd fkl jh }kehl,

Dbshqhz) pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk sgii lb} cb vnkiihz jhwblm k fhz}kgl igng})

kffbzmglc }b k cgqhl vg}xk}gbl, ]dk} fkl ehhp }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhkkiskwv ikzchz }dkl }dh }kzch} kzhk gl fhz}kgl vg}xk}gblv, Ga pzbjkjihgnpkf} kzhk sbxim lb} ch} nbzh vnkiihz) bphzk}bz nkw dkqh }b zhphk}

agzglc }b vk}xzk}h }dh lb iblchz vdzgleglc pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk xl}gi }dh}kzch} kzhk ch}v dg},

Gl vg}xk}gblv sdhzh }dhzh gv qhzw igng}hm }gnh azknh }b agzh klm"bz }dh

bphzk}bz mbhv lb} dkqh vxaagfghl} v}kjgig}w }b ehhp }dh vgh ba pzbjkjihgnpkf} kzhk h{xki bz vnkiihz }b }dh }kzch} kzhk) vk}xzk}glc }dh pzbjkjih

gnpkf} kzhk sg}d dgcd zk}h ba nxi}gpih vdb}v gv k nh}dbm }dk} fkl jhhnpibwhm) ga bphzk}bzv kzh bphzk}glc gl vg}xk}gblv sdhzh vxfd nh}dbm gv

kffhp}kjih, Xvh ba shkpblv sg}d kx}b zhphk} agzglc fkpkjgig}w nkwhldklfh }dh haahf}gqhlhvv ba }dk} kppzbkfd) mhphlmglc bl }dh

fgzfxnv}klfhv, Ga }dk} nh}dbm gv xvhm) }dh kx}b zhphk} vdbxim lb} jhvxv}kglhm pkv} }dh pbgl} sdhzh }dh vgh ba }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk

jhfknh }bb ikzch }b htphf} dg}v sg}dgl htphf}hm }gnh azknh bz }dhpzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk dkv vdga}hm }bb nxfd azbn gl}hlmhm kgn pbgl} }b

htphf} dg}v sg}dgl htphf}hm }gnh azknh, Dbshqhz) xvh ba kx}b zhphk}agzglc nbmh gv igehiw }b nkeh g} }keh iblchz }b zhfbqhz kgn }zkfeglc,

Sg}d zgaihv vxfd kv KZ.;8 }wph) }dk} sbxim igng} }dh mxzk}gbl ba kx}bzhphk} agzglc }b kppzbtgnk}hiw :|8 vdb}v) mhphlmglc bl }dh vg}xk}gbl, ]dh

haahf}gqhlhvv sbxim mhphlm bl }dh bphzk}bz#v kjgig}w }b fbl}zbi }dh vghba }dh pzbjkjih gnpkf} kzhk klm }dh mgv}klfh }b }dh bppblhl}) h}f, ]dk}

igng}v }dh vg}xk}gbl sdhzh }dgv nh}dbm nkw jh akqbzkjih,


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:,6, Cxllhzw pzbfhvv,

Cxllhzw pzbfhvv v}kz}v kv bphzk}bzv jhfbnh kskzh ba k vg}xk}gbl }dk}zh{xgzhv vdbb}glc, Ga }dhzh gv k pb}hl}gki }dzhk}) bphzk}bzv lhhm }b

bjvhzqh g}, ]xzlglc blh#v xpphz jbmw sgii jh nbzh akv}hz }dkl }xzlglc}dh sdbih jbmw) }xzlglc }dh dhkm sgii jh akv}hz }dkl }xzlglc }dh xpphz

jbmw) vb g} sgii jh {xgfehz abz }dh dhkm }b nbqh agzv} }dhl }dh xpphzjbmw bz }dh sdbih jbmw abiibsglc }dh dhkm#v nbqhnhl} kv lhfhvvkzw, ]dgv

nkw kivb pzhqhl} xllhfhvvkzw }xzlglc nb}gbl jw v}bppglc }dh }xzlglcnb}gbl ba }dh sdbih jbmw sdhl }dh bphzk}bz sdbvh dhkm gv }xzlhm }bskzm

}dh pb}hl}gki }dzhk} mh}hznglhv lb kf}gbl gv zh{xgzhm,

LB]H? Agzhkznv mhvfzgjhm gl }dgv mbfxnhl} gv kvvxnhm }b jh agzhm glvglcih zbxlm agzglc nbmh) k nbmh }dk} agzhv blh zbxlm phz }zgcchz pxii

klm zh{xgzhv zhvh}}glc }dh }zgcchz jw zhihkvglc pzhvvxzh bl }dh }zgcchzklm pzhvvglc }dh }zgcchz kckgl abz agzglc klb}dhz zbxlm) xlihvv vphfgaghm

b}dhzsgvh,

LB]H? Agzhkznv mhvfzgjhm gl }dgv mbfxnhl} gv kvvxnhm }b jh k vhia ibkmglcagzhkzn) k }wph }dk} mbhv }dh fdknjhzglc) ahhmglc) ht}zkf}gbl) klm

hohf}gbl kf}gbl kx}bnk}gfkiiw }dk} g} bliw zh{xgzhv nklgpxik}gbl ba }dh}zgcchz }b agzh k zbxlm xl}gi knnxlg}gbl vxppiw gl }dh nkckglh gv

mhpih}hm) xlihvv vphfgaghm b}dhzsgvh,

.Kgnglc klm abznglc ba k vdbb}glc pik}abzn?

Kv kl bphzk}bz mhfgmhv }b vdbb} k fhz}kgl }kzch}) bphzk}bz abznv k

vdbb}glc pik}abzn sdgih mgzhf}glc }dh kgn ba }dh bphzk}bz#v shkpbl }bskzm}dh }kzch}, Bzghl}k}gbl ba vdbb}glc pik}abzn lhhmv }b jh {xgfe klm

pzhfgvh k} }dh vknh }gnh, Vb) vphhm lhhmv }b jh fbl}zbiihm }b k mhczhh}dk} pzhfgvgbl fkl jh nkgl}kglhm, Gl pkz} ba nbqhnhl} vhcnhl}v sdhzh

vphhm mbhv lb} kaahf} kffxzkfw) vphhm fkl jh nktgnghm, Kv abznglc ba }dhvdbb}glc pik}abzn fbnhv }b k fbnpih}gbl) nbqhnhl} nkw lhhm }b jh vibshz

vb }dk} }dh pkz} ba }dh jbmw gl nb}gbl sgii lb} cb pkv} g}v gl}hlmhmpbvg}gbl, Nbqhnhl} pkv} gl}hlmhm pbvg}gbl sgii vibs }dh pzbfhvv jhfkxvh

}dh bphzk}bz sgii dkqh }b nkeh nbzh nb}gbl klm }keh nbzh }gnh }b ch} }dk}pkz} ba }dh jbmw }b pzbphz pbvg}gbl,

Abz htknpih? Ga kl bphzk}bz gl k ibs zhkmw pbvg}gbl sg}d k zgaih v}kz}v

}dh cxllhzw pzbfhvv) }dh bphzk}bz sgii nbqh }dh nxih }bskzm }dhmgzhf}gbl ba }dh }kzch}, ]dh glg}gki nbqhnhl} ba }dh nxih mgzhf}gbl

fdklch }bskzm }dh chlhzki mgzhf}gbl ba }dh bppblhl} fkl jh akv} sg}dbx}kaahf}glc kffxzkfw, Vb) }dh bphzk}bz fkl nbqh }dh nxih ba }dh cxl kv

akv} kv blh fkl, Dbshqhz) blfh }dh nxih hlm ba }dh cxl gv jzbxcd} lhkz}dh chlhzki mgzhf}gbl ba }dh }kzch} kzhk) }dh bphzk}bz sbxim dkqh }b vibs

mbsl }dh nbqhnhl} vb }dk} glhz}gk sbxim nkeh }dh cxl cb pkv} }dh pbvg}gbl}dh bphzk}bz lhhm g} }b jh abz kgn,


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Kv }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv abznhm) }dh vdbb}hz sbxim vhh }dh vgcd} klm}dh vgcd} glmht pbgl} lhkz }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} bl }dh }kzch}, Ga gzbl

vgcd}v kzh xvhm) azbl} klm zhkz vgcd} sbxim jh kigclnhl} sbxim v}kz} k}}dgv pbgl}, Kv vdbb}hz#v vegii gnpzbqhv) }dh vgcd} glmht pbgl} sgii jh

nbzh klm nbzh fibvhz }b }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} bl }dh }kzch} xpbl fbnpih}gblba abznglc }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn, Ga }dh vgcd} glmht pbgl} gv lb} bl }dh

vgcd} kgn pbgl}) }dhl }dh vdbb}hz sgii nkeh kmoxv}nhl} }b gnpbvh vgcd}glmht pbgl} bl }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} klm v}kz}v kgn }zkfeglc, Ga gzbl

vgcd}v kzh xvhm) }dh vdbb}hz#v abfxv mgv}klfh gv lb} vdga}hm }b }dh azbl}vgcd}) klm azbl} klm zhkz vgcd} kigclnhl} vdbxim jh fbnpih}hm k} bz

jhabzh }dh }gnh kgn }zkfeglc v}kz}v, ]dh vdbb}hz nkw fblagzn }dh vgcd}kigclnhl} kv }dh kgn }zkfeglc v}kz}v, K vdbb}hz#v abfxv sbxim jh lbs bl

}dh }bp fhl}hz ba azbl} vgcd} bz b}dhz vgcd} zhahzhlfh pbgl} kv kgn}zkfeglc v}kz}v, ]dh vdbb}hz }dhl agzhv }dh cxl,

.Agzglc?

]dhzh nklw skwv }b nklgpxik}h k }zgcchz ba k cxl, Sdk} nh}dbm gvkppzbpzgk}h mhphlmv bl k vphfgagf cxl }wph glqbiqhm) vdbb}hz#v

pzhahzhlfh) h}f, ]dh abiibsglc gv k ahs htknpihv ba dbs g} fkl jh mblh,

Glmht aglchz ba }dh }zgcchz dklm }dk} skv pikfhm kskw azbn }dh }zgcchzabz vkah}w sgii jh pikfhm bl }dh }zgcchz gl pzhpkzk}gbl ba }dh }zgcchz

pxii kv }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv abznglc, Kv }dh cxl gv nbqglc gl}b }dh

agzglc pbvg}gbl) }dh vdbb}hz fkl nbqh }dh }zgcchz k igng}hm ihlc}d }b ch}g} }b agzglc pzhpkzk}gbl pbvg}gbl klm dbim g} gl }dk} pbvg}gbl xl}gi kzn}zkfeglc v}kz}v, Kv kgn }zkfeglc v}kz}v) }dh }zgcchz sbxim jh pxiihm

axz}dhz klm }dh pxii sbxim jh fbnpih}hm, Sdhl }zgcchz lhhmv }b jh nbqhmaxz}dhz azbn klw pbgl}) g} vdbxim jh mblh jw vnbb}d glfzhkvh ba pzhvvxzh

kppighm }b g} }dkl kjzxp} glfzhkvh gl pzhvvxzh,

]dhzh nkw jh k ibs zhvgv}klfh nbqhnhl} ihlc}d ba }dh }zgcchz jh}shhl }dhpbvg}gbl ba }dh }zgcchz xlmhz lb glmht aglchz pzhvvxzh klm }dh pbvg}gbl

ba }dh }zgcchz sdhzh kf}xk}gbl ba agzglc nhfdklgvn jhcglv, Klm) }dhzh nkwkivb jh k }zgcchz nbqhnhl} vhcnhl} jh}shhl }dh }zgcchz pbvg}gbl sdhzh

kf}xk}gbl ba agzglc nhfdklgvn jhcglv klm }dh }zgcchz pbvg}gbl sdhzh pkz}dbimglc k dknnhz bz v}zgehz xlmhz vpzglc }hlvgbl jhcglv }b nbqh kskw azbn

}dh dbimglc pbvg}gbl klm zhihkvhv }dh agzglc pgl bz v}zgehz xlmhz vpzglc}hlvgbl, ]dh }zgcchz pbvg}gbl sdhzh pkz} dbimglc k dknnhz bz v}zgehz

xlmhz }hlvgbl jhcglv }b nbqh kskw azbn }dh dbimglc pbvg}gbl klm zhihkvhv}dh agzglc pgl bz v}zgehz xlmhz vpzglc }hlvgbl gv }dh v}kz}glc pbgl} ba

}dh ikv} }zgcchz pxii vhcnhl}, Vbnh cxlv dkqh mgv}glf}gqh glfzhkvh gl}zgcchz#v zhvgv}klfh }b nbqhnhl} kv }dh }zgcchz hl}hzv }dh lht} }zgcchz

pxii vhcnhl}, Vbnh cxlv sbxim dkqh ihvv lxnjhz ba vhcnhl}v) klm vbnh cxlvdkqh }dh ikv} }sb vhcnhl} jihlmhm gl sg}d hkfd b}dhz gl k skw }dk} gv lb}

mgv}glf}gqh,

Sg}d nbv} vglcih kf}gbl bliw bz nbv} v}zgehz }wph }zgcchzv) }dh


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kppzbtgnk}h v}kz}glc pbgl} ba }dh }zgcchz pxii vhcnhl} sdhzh pzbfhvv ba}dh pkz} dbimglc k dknnhz bz v}zgehz xlmhz vpzglc }hlvgbl jhglc nbqhm

kskw azbn }dh dbimglc pbvg}gbl klm zhihkvglc }dh agzglc pgl bz v}zgehzxlmhz vpzglc }hlvgbl gv glqbiqhm fkl jh xvhm abz agzglc pzhpkzk}gbl

pbvg}gbl, K vdbb}hz fkl nbqh }dh }zgcchz }b }dk} pbvg}gbl sg}dbx}vgclgagfkl}iw cbglc jhwblm }dh v}kz}glc pbgl} ba }dk} vhcnhl}) klm dbim

}dh }zgcchz gl }dk} pbvg}gbl xl}gi kgn }zkfeglc v}kz}v,

]dh }zgcchz pbvg}gbl sdhzh }dh }zgcchz pxii v}kz}v }dh kf}xk}gbl ba }dhagzglc nhfdklgvn fkl kivb jh xvhm kv k agzglc pzhpkzk}gbl pbvg}gbl, ]dgv

nh}dbm fkl jh cbbm sg}d }wph ba }zgcchzv }dk} dkv ikv} }sb vhcnhl}v ba}dh }zgcchz pxii kzh lb} vb mgv}glf}gqh azbn hkfd b}dhz, Ga k vdbb}hz

k}}hnp}v }b xvh }zgcchz pbvg}gbl sdhzh ikv} vhcnhl} v}kz}v kv }dh agzglcpzhpkzk}gbl pbvg}gbl sdhl }dh ikv} vhcnhl} mbhv lb} dkqh klw mgv}glf}gqh

fdkzkf}hzgv}gfv) vxfd kv glfzhkvh gl }zgcchz zhvgv}klfh) }dh vdbb}hz dkvk zgve ba pxiiglc }dh }zgcchz }bb akz jhwblm }dh v}kz}glc pbgl} ba }dh

ikv} vhcnhl} klm agzh }dh cxl sg}dbx} gl}hlmglc }b, Dbshqhz) xvglc }dhv}kz}glc pbgl} ba klw vhcnhl} b}dhz }dkl }dh ikv} blh kv k agzglc

pzhpkzk}gbl pbvg}gbl fkl nhkl k iblchz }zgcchz }zkqhi mgv}klfh klm }gnhsdhl kgn }zkfeglc v}kz}v,

Lb nk}}hz sdk} }zgcchz pbvg}gbl gv xvhm abz agzglc pzhpkzk}gbl pbvg}gbl)

nbqhnhl} ba k }zgcchz azbn }dk} pbvg}gbl }b fbnpih}h }dh }zgcchz pxii klmagzh vdbxim jh mblh jw vnbb}d fbl}glxbxv glfzhkvh ba pzhvvxzh kppighm }b

}dh }zgcchz) xlihvv }dh vdbb}hz gl}hlmv }b gl}hzzxp} }dh pzbfhvv,

Klb}dhz skw }b nklgpxik}h k }zgcchz gv }b mgvzhckzm }dh mgaahzhlfh

jh}shhl }dh }zgcchz pxii vhcnhl}v nhl}gblhm kjbqh klm v}kz} k fbl}glxbxvglfzhkvh gl pzhvvxzh kppighm }b }dh }zgcchz) ka}hz }dh glmht aglchz nkehvfbl}kf} chl}iw sg}d }dh }zgcchz) gl k nkllhz }dk} }dh vdbb}hz kl}gfgpk}h

}dh cxl }b agzh xpbl fbnpih}gbl ba abznglc k vdbb}glc pik}abzn,

Kv iblc kv }dh kgn gv }zkfeglc pzbphziw) }dhzh gv lb lhhm abz }dhvdbb}glc pik}abzn }b jh fbnpih}h, Klm) }dhzh kzh fgzfxnv}klfhv sdhzh

vdbb}glc pik}abzn fkllb} jh abznhm }b k vdbb}hz#v vk}gvakf}gbl,

.........................................................................

Gvvxh ba nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv?

Vbnh }wph ba agzhkznv dkqh nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv, ]dhvh }wph ba

mhqgfhv kzh mhvgclhm }b mgvkjih }dh agzglc fkpkjgig}w ba k agzhkzn g} gvglv}kiihm gl xl}gi }dh vdbb}hz nklxkiiw nklgpxik}hv k jx}}bl bz ihqhz }b

hlkjih }dh agzglc fkpkjgig}w, Ga kl bphzk}bz#v shkpbl dkv vxfd mhqgfhv)}dh bphzk}bz vdbxim dkqh k pikl bl dbs g} sbxim jh xvhm klm jh pzbagfghl}

sg}d }dh nklgpxik}gbl ba g},

Ki}dbxcd }dhvh mhqgfhv fkl zhmxfh }dh zgve ba k cxl azbn agzglc sdhl


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klw}dglc pzhvvhv bl }dh }zgcchz sdhl }dh xvhz mbhv lb} gl}hlm }b agzh) g}kivb kmmv k zgve ba lb} jhglc mgvhlckchm klm ehhpglc }dh cxl gldgjg}hm

azbn agzglc sdhl }dh xvhz mbhv gl}hlm }b agzh sdgfd sbxim hlmklchz }dhbphzk}bz ga }dh bphzk}bz lhhmv }b agzh gl fbnjk},

]dhzh kzh nklw zhkvblv }dk} k nklxki agzglc gldgjg} nhfdklgvn sbxim lb}

jh mgvhlckchm sdhl }dh bphzk}bz gl}hlm }b agzh, Klm) jhfkxvh ba }dk})vbnh }bbe k pbvg}gbl }dk} bphzk}bzv vdbxim mgvhlckch nklxki agzglc

gldgjg} mhqgfhv kv vbbl kv }dhw kzh gl fbnjk} bphzk}gblv, Vbnh b}dhzv}bbe k pbvg}gbl }dk} bphzk}bzv vdbxim ehhp }dh nklxki agzglc gldgjg}

mhqgfh hlckchm xl}gi k cxllhzw pzbfhvv gv glg}gk}hm) klm zhkf}gqk}h }dhagzglc gldgjg} kv vbbl kv }dh cxllhzw pzbfhvv gv bqhz, Vbnh }bbi k dwjzgm

kppzbkfd, Htknglk}gbl ba sdk} zgvev kzh glqbiqhm sg}d hkfd pbvg}gbl klmkzcxnhl}v zhckzmglc g} sbxim jh htpikglhm dhzh,

Kl bphzk}bz nkw ch} }b jh gl kgn }zkfeglc v}k}xv klm kjih }b dg} }dh

}kzch} ga }dh }zgcchz gv pxiihm k} }dk} nbnhl} jhabzh }dh bphzk}bz skvkjih }b mgvhlckch }dh agzglc gldgjg}, ]dgv sbxim fkxvh k mhikw abz }dh

bphzk}bz }b nkeh k vdb}) fkxvglc }dh bphzk}bz }b jh gl mklchz, ]dhkzcxnhl} }dk} k}}hnp}v }b mgvngvv }dgv zgve gv }dk} }dh nklgpxik}gbl

zh{xgzhm }b mgvhlckch }dh agzglc gldgjg} fkl jh mblh sdgih }dh bphzk}bzgv gl }zklvg}gbl azbn zhkmw pbvg}gbl }b vdbb}glc pik}abzn, ]dhzh kzh vbnh

pzbjihnv sg}d }dk} kzcxnhl}? G} nkehv kl kvvxnp}gbl }dk} gv lb} kiskwv}zxh, ]dh mhnblv}zk}gbl }b qkigmk}h vxfd kzcxnhl} gv nbv}iw mblh gl

fbnnbliw elbsl v}klmkzm ibs zhkmw }dk} glqbiqhv kppzbtgnk}hiw 60|=0mhczhh mbslskzm klcih ba k zgaih bz fbzzhvpblmglc ibshzhm pbvg}gbl ba k

pgv}bi, Gl }dbvh fkvhv) nbqhnhl} mgv}klfh nkw zh{xgzh k }zklvg}gbl }gnh

iblc hlbxcd abz }dh nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh nklgpxik}gbl, Dbshqhz)lb} kii }zklvg}gbl }kehv }dk} iblc, Gl vbnh fkvhv) bphzk}bz#v zhkmwpbvg}gbl gv qhzw fibvh }b bz hqhl gmhl}gfki }b k vdbb}glc pik}abzn sdgfd

fkl nkeh }zklvg}gbl }gnh vdbz}hz }dkl }dh }gnh g} ngcd} }keh abz nklxkiagzglc gldgjg} ihqhz nklgpxik}gbl) hvphfgkiiw sg}d k }wph ba shkpbl }dk}

dkv k nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh }dk} gv lb} hkvw }b zhkfd bznklgpxik}h, Vbnh shkpblv) vxfd kv N;7;; }wph pgv}biv) dkqh k nklxki

agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh }dk} kiibsv }dh glmht aglchz ba }dh }zgcchz dklm }bnbqh bl k }zgcchz sdgih }dh }dxnj gv nklgpxik}glc k nklxki agzglc gldgjg}

mhqgfh ihqhz, Dbshqhz) nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv ba vbnh shkpblvzh{xgzh }dh glmht aglchz ba }dh }zgcchz dklm }b hlkjih agzglc sdgfd nkehv

mgvhlckcglc }dh mhqgfh klm nbqglc }dh aglchz glmht aglchz }b }dh }zgcchzk fblvhfx}gqh) lb} fblfxzzhl}) pzbfhvv }dk} zh{xgzhv nbzh }gnh }b

fbnpih}h,

Kivb) gl nbv} fkvhv vxfd kvvxnp}gbl ba haahf}gqh nklgpxik}gbl ba nklxkiagzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh kivb glqbiqhv kl kvvxnp}gbl }dk} kl bphzk}bz dkqh

lb} vxv}kglhm klw gloxzghv }dk} nkw dglmhz blh#v kjgig}w }b mb vxfdnklgpxik}gbl klm kivb }dh kvvxnp}gbl }dk} }dhzh gv lb}glc gl }dh

vg}xk}gbl }dk} pdwvgfkiiw bjv}zxf}v }dh nklgpxik}gbl nbqhnhl},

Klb}dhz pzbjihn sg}d mgvhlckcglc }dh nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh bliwmxzglc k cxllhzw pzbfhvv klm gnnhmgk}hiw hlckcglc g} kckgl gv }dk} }dhzh

kzh vg}xk}gblv sdhzh k mhfgvgbl }b glg}gk}h) fbl}glxh) }hznglk}h) bz


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zhvxnh k cxllhzw pzbfhvv fdklch gl {xgfe vxffhvvgbl }dk} zh{xgzhnklgpxik}gbl ba k nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh }b zhqhzvh mxzglc }zklvg}

sdgfd fkl fkxvh k ngv}keh gl nklgpxik}gbl) hvphfgkiiw sdhl }dh zhqhzvkibffxzv nxi}gpih }gnhv sdgfd fkl jh qhzw fblaxvglc, Kl htknpih ba vxfd

vg}xk}gbl gv sdhl kl bppblhl}#v kf}gbl vsg}fdhv k vg}xk}gbl jh}shhlmhkmiw abzfh gv oxv}gaghm vg}xk}gbl klm mhkmiw abzfh lb} oxv}gaghm

vg}xk}gbl nxi}gpih }gnhv gl {xgfe vxffhvvgbl, Klb}dhz htknpih gv sdhl klbphzk}bz dkqh }b glg}gk}h klb}dhz cxllhzw pzbfhvv jhfkxvh ba k vxmmhl

kpphkzklfh ba k lhs bppblhl} klm dkqh }b mgvhlckch }dh nklxki agzglcgldgjg} mhqgfh bl }dh bphzk}bz#v cxl sdgih }dh bphzk}bz skv }zwglc }b

hlckch }dh nklxki agzglc mhqgfh ka}hz }hznglk}glc k pzhqgbxv cxllhzwpzbfhvv abz k mgaahzhl} bppblhl}, Vxfd htknpihv kzh qhzw azh{xhl}

bffxzzhlfh) jx} g} gv xvxkiiw gclbzhm jw phbpih sdb kmqbfk}h xvglc nklxkiagzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh kv nxfd kv pbvvgjih,

]dhzh fkl kivb jh nklgpxik}gbl fblaigf}v, Kffbzmglc }b }dh mbf}zglh ba

ehhpglc nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv hlkjihm kv nxfd kv pbvvgjih)bphzk}bzv lhhm }b jh }zkglhm }b gnnhmgk}hiw hlckch }dh agzglc gldgjg}

mhqgfh kv vbbl kv k cxllhzw pzbfhvv gv bqhz, ]dk} fkl fblaigf} sg}d mbglcfhz}kgl nklgpxik}gblv sg}d fhz}kgl cxlv jhfkxvh vbnh cxlv zh{xgzh nklxki

agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh }b jh mgvhlckchm gl bzmhz }b mb fhz}kglnklgpxik}gblv, Abz htknpih) ga k vdbb}hz vxjfblvfgbxviw px} }dh vhihf}bz

ihqhz ba kl KE.=3 zgaih gl agzglc gldgjg} pbvg}gbl) }dh vdbb}hz sbximdkqh k pzbjihn pxiiglc }dh fdkzglc dklmih sdgfd nkw jh zh{xgzhm abz

zhibkmglc bz nkiaxlf}gbl fihkzglc, ]dgv kivb jzglcv xp klb}dhz fblfhzlkjbx} vskppglc }zgcchz dklm klm vxppbz} dklm zbih sdhl k cxl gl xvh lhhmv

}b nbqh }b blh baavh} vgmh }b klb}dhz, ]dhzh kzh nklw cxlv }dk} dkqh

nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh fbl}zbi jx}}bl bz ihqhz bliw bl blh vgmh bzgl k abzn }dk} lhhm }b jh nklgpxik}hm mgaahzhl}iw mhphlmglc bl sdh}dhz gazgcd} dklm bz iha} dklm gv xvhm,

Klb}dhz zgve glqbiqhm sg}d nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv gv }dk} }dh

mhqgfh fkl jh hlckchm jw fbl}kf} sg}d klw bjohf} }dk} nbqhv }dh fbl}zbijx}}bl bz ihqhz sg}dbx} }dh xvhz#v elbsihmch, ]dk} fzhk}hv k pbvvgjgig}w

}dk} kl bphzk}bz }dk} mgvhlckchm }dh nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh sdb}dglev blh gv zhkmw }b agzh nkw lb} jh kjih }b agzh jhfkxvh }dh cxl gv

jkfe gl agzglc gldgjg} nbmh kckgl sg}dbx} }dh bphzk}bz#v elbsihmch, Abzhtknpih) hqhl k pkz}gki zb}k}gbl ba Jhzh}}k N7#v nklxki agzglc gldgjg}

ihqhz azbn agzglc pbvg}gbl) sg}dbx} }dh ihqhz fbnpih}hiw zb}k}glc klmibfeglc gl}b agzglc gldgjg} pbvg}gbl) fkl mgvkjih }dh pgv}bi, ]dh

pzbnglhl}iw pzb}zxmglc vigmh nbxl}hm ihqhz ba }dh pgv}bi fkl hkvgiw jzxvdkckglv} kl bphzk}bz#v fib}dglc bz b}dhz bjohf}v gl }dh vxzzbxlmglcv,

Pgv}biv sg}d vigmh nbxl}hm ihqhz abz nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv vxfdkv Jhzh}}k N7 bz Vng}d klm Shvvbl N=801 klm vgngikz nbmhiv kivb dkqh k

zgve ba vigmh nklgpxik}gbl abz zhibkmglc bz nkiaxlf}gbl fihkzglc fkxvglc}dh ihqhz }b zb}k}h klm pikfglc }dh cxl gl agzglc gldgjg} nbmh zgcd}

ka}hz zhibkmglc gv fbnph}h bz nkiaxlf}gbl gv fihkzhm,

Vgnpiw xvglc agzhkznv }dk} mb lb} dkqh nklxki agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfhv fklkqbgm kii }dh kjbqh zgvev, Dbshqhz) }dhzh fkl jh }gnhv sdhl xvh ba nklxki

agzglc gldgjg} mhqgfh fkl jh ba jhlhag},


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.........................................................................

]gnh vkqglc abz cxllhzw pzbfhvv?

]dhzh kzh lxnjhz ba }kvev }dk} lhhm }b jh phzabznhm mxzglc k cxllhzwpzbfhvv, Blh nh}dbm ba vdbz}glc }dh }gnh }kehl abz cxllhzw pzbfhvv gv

bqhzikppglc, ]dhzh kzh vbnh }kvev }dk} vbnh pbz}gbl ba g} fkl jh mblhsg}dbx} }dh }kve }dk} v}kz}hm jhabzh g} gv fbnpih}hm, Abz htknpih)

}zgcchz pxii fblvgv}v ba nxi}gpih v}kchv, K vdbb}hz mbhv lb} dkqh }b skg}abz vgcd} ba k cxl }b jh gl v}kjih kgnglc }zkfeglc v}k}h gl bzmhz }b nbqh

}dh glmht aglchz ba }dh }zgcchz dklm azbn vgmh ba }dh cxl#v azknh }bazbl} vxzakfh ba }dh }zgcchz, Ga }dh vdbb}hz nbqhv }dh glmht aglchz bl

}dh }zgcchz kv vbbl kv }dh mgzhf}gbl ba }dh cxl#v nxih gv gl }dhkppzbtgnk}h mgzhf}gbl ba }dh }kzch}) }dh }gnh }kehl abz }dk} kf}gbl }dk}

gv bqhzikpphm sg}d }dh kf}gbl ba bzghl}glc }dh cxl#v mgzhf}gbl }bskzm }dh}kzch} gv zhmxfhm azbn }dh bqhzkii }gnh g} }kehv abz }dh cxllhzw pzbfhvv,

Igeh sgvh) k vdbb}glc pik}abzn nkw dkqh }b nbqh kv g} }zkfev kgn jhabzh

}dh vgcd} gv vxaagfghl}iw v}kjgighm bl }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl}, ]dh vgcd}nkw dkqh }b v}kjgigh) klm kivb jh kigclhm sdhl gzbl vgcd}v kzh xvhm)

sdgih g} gv }zkfeglc kgn, Vb) k pzbagfghl} vdbb}hz fkl dkqh }dh vdbb}glc

pik}abzn bzghl}k}gbl }zkfeglc }dh kgn kv g} gv jhglc v}kjgighm) glv}hkmba skg}glc abz }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }b jh v}kjgighm gl bzmhz }b v}kz}kgn }zkfeglc,

Blh gnpbz}kl} }dglc }b ehhp gl nglm gl bzmhz }b pzhqhl} xllhfhvvkzw mhikw

gl agzglc gv }b zhnhnjhz }dh pxzpbvh ba abznglc k vdbb}glc pik}abzn, ]dhsdbih pxzpbvh ba k vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv }b akfgig}k}h }dh cxl gl xvh }b

jh gl pbvg}gbl abz k dg}, Vb) sdhl vphhm gv nbv} fzg}gfki) bphzk}bzvvdbxim agzh kv vbbl kv }dh cxl gl xvh gv pbvg}gblhm sg}dgl }dh zklch

sdhzh agzglc sbxim zhvxi} gl k dg} sdgih abznglc k vdbb}glc pik}abzn, G}gv kl hzzbz abz kl bphzk}bz }b mhikw agzglc xl}gi k jh}}hz v}kjgighm

vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv abznhm sdhl k dg} fkl jh nkmh k} }dk} nbnhl},

]dhzh gv k zgve glqbiqhm sg}d vdbb}glc jhabzh k v}kjih vbxlm vdbb}glcpik}abzn gv abznhm? Mhfzhkvhm kffxzkfw, ]dhzh gv kivb k zgve glqbiqhm

sg}d mhikwglc agzh? Bppblhl}v dkqglc bppbz}xlg}w }b k}}kfe }dh bphzk}bz,Nklkcglc vphhm ba agzglc pzbfhvv glqbiqhv nklkcglc }dk} zgvev,

]b nktgngh kffxzkfw) k vdbb}hz sbxim nklgpxik}h k }zgcchz sg}d }dh

nh}dbm ba ch}}glc }dh }zgcchz }b }dh v}kz} pbgl} ba }dh aglki v}kch ba}dh }zgcchz nbqhnhl} mxzglc }zklvg}gbl }b k vdbb}glc pik}abzn) klm

fbnpih}h }dh }zgcchz pxii xpbl kgn }zkfeglc jhglc cbbm hlbxcd abz k dg},]dh bphzk}bz sbxim dkqh k qhzgagfk}gbl ba dbs nxfd kffxzkfw fkl jh

htphf}hm) xvxkiiw }dzbxcd qgvxki ahhm jkfe ba vgcd}v,


14/68

Dbshqhz) sdhl zgve ba mhikwglc agzh abz zhfbclg}gbl ba kffxzkfw

qhzgagfk}gbl gv dgcd) kl bphzk}bz fkl pxii }dh }zgcchz sg}dbx} v}bppglc}dh pxii k} klw v}kch k} k zk}h ba vphhm }dk} }dh cxl sbxim agzh k} }dh

kl}gfgpk}hm pbgl} ba }dh cxl jhglc gl cbbm hlbxcd kgn }zkfeglc v}k}h) ga}dh vdbb}hz gv kjih }b ch} }dh cxl gl cbbm kgn }zkfeglc v}k}h jw }dh

kl}gfgpk}hm }gnh ba }dh cxl agzglc,

]dh kjbqh kivb nhklv }dh cxl fkl jh agzhm kv iblc kv k dg} fkl jhhtphf}hm) klm }dk} fkl hqhl jh jhabzh k cxl gl xvh gv jzbxcd} gl }b

pbvg}gbl sdhzh }dh cxl vgcd} fkl jh xvhm gl k v}klmkzm nkllhz, Hqhl ga}dh cxl vgcd}v kzh lb} xvhm gl k v}klmkzm nkllhz) xvh ba ki}hzlk}h

vdbb}glc pbv}xzh bz xvglc qgvgjih pkz} ba }dh cxl b}dhz }dkl }dh vgcd}vfkl nkeh g} pbvvgjih abz kl bphzk}bz }b ch} }dh cxl gl pbvg}gbl }b

kfdghqh k dg} sdhl agzhm) mhphlmglc bl }dh vg}xk}gbl, Nbzh mh}kgiv ba}dk} sgii jh htpikglhm gl b}dhz pkz} ba }dgv fdkp}hz,

Kvvxnglc }dhzh gv kl bppbz}xlg}w abz k vdbb}hz }b abzn k v}klmkzm

vdbb}glc pik}abzn) }dhzh sbxim jh fhz}kgl ba nb}gbl }dk} gv zh{xgzhm glbzmhz }b ch} azbn }zklvg}gblglc azbn zhkmw pbv}xzh }b vdbb}glc pbv}xzh

}dk} gv zhkmw }b agzh, Gl bzmhz }b zhmxfh }dh knbxl} ba }dk} }gnh) blhkppzbkfd }dk} fkl jh xvhm gv }b kmoxv} }dh zhkmw pbv}xzh vb }dk} g} sbxim

jh nbzh fibvhz }b vdbb}glc pbv}xzh sdhl mbglc vb sbxim lb} dglmhzbphzk}bz#v kjgig}w }b nkgl}kgl b}dhz zh{xgzhnhl}v ba k zhkmw pbv}xzh)

vxfd kv cxl klm kznv lb} bjv}zxf}glc qghs) bz vdbb}glc vbbl sbxim jh kdgcd pbvvgjgig}w }dk} }dh zgve ba mbglc vb bx} shgcd}v }dh zgve ba lb}

mbglc vb,

B}dhz }dkl ch}}glc k zhkmw pbv}xzh fibvhz }b vdbb}glc pbv}xzh abzn)zhmxfglc }gnh nbv}iw glqbiqhv glfzhkvglc }dh haagfghlfw ba }dh zhkmw

pbv}xzh }b vdbb}glc pbv}xzh }zklvg}gbl, ]dh nbqhnhl} ba kznv klm cxl glxvh lhhm }b jh akv}) klm kgn }zkfeglc v}kjgigk}gbl kivb lhhmv }b jh

{xgfeiw kfdghqhm, Dbshqhz) fbnnbl ngv}keh gv abz k vdbb}hz }b vphhm xp}dh k nbqhnhl} gl k v}kch }bb akv} }dk} g} }kehv iblchz }gnh }b kfdghqh

}dh ik}hz v}kchv,

Abz vdbb}glc pik}abzn sg}d cbbm v}kjgig}w) }dh pbvg}gblglc ba }dh cxl glxvh) }dh pbvg}gblglc ba kznv klm b}dhz pkz} ba }dh jbmw klm nxvfih

}hlvgbl ba nkgl}kglglc }dh pik}abzn) b}dhz mh}kgiv ba abznglc k cbbmvdbb}glc pik}abzn dkv }b jh sg}dgl k vphfgagf zklch, Sdhl k vdbb}hz nkehv

glg}gki nbqhnhl} ba abznglc }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }bb akv}) }dh vdbb}hzsbxim ba}hl ch} }dh jbmw klm cxl pbvg}gblglc fibvh }b }dh chlhzki vdkph

ba k mhvgzhm vdbb}glc pik}abzn) nkeglc kl k}}hnp} }b nkeh }dh akv}nbqhnhl} kjzxp}iw v}bp, Hqhl }dbxcd }dh chlhzki kpphkzklfh ba }dh abzn

sbxim ibbe vgngikz }b k cbbm vdbb}glc pik}abzn) }dh mh}kgiv ba }dh jbmwklm cxl pbvg}gblglc klm nhfdklgvn }dk} nkehv k vdbb}glc pik}abzn axlf}gbl

gv lb} wh} gl }dh vphfgagf zklch zh{xgzhm, Ka}hz }dh kjzxp} v}bp ba }dhnb}gbl) }dh vdbb}hz sdb nkmh k }bb dkv}w nb}gbl sbxim v}kz} }b nkeh

kmoxv}nhl} vb }dk} }dh pik}abzn sbxim vh}}ih gl }b cbbm axlf}gblglcv}k}h, Hqhl }dbxcd }dgv nkw kfdghqh }dh kpphkzklfh ba k vdbb}glc pik}abzn

akv}hz) g} fkl kf}xkiiw nkeh g} }keh iblchz abz }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }b


15/68


16/68

pbvvgjih xpbl fbnpih}gbl ba }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn, Pikfhnhl} ba }zgcchzaglchz bl }dh }zgcchz sbxim kivb jh mblh mxzglc }dh }zklvg}gbl vb }dk} g}

sbxim jh zhkmw }b pxii }dh }zgcchz xpbl fbnpih}gbl ba abznglc }dhvdbb}glc pik}abzn,

Vdbb}hzv kivb lhhm }b jh nhl}kiiw pzhpkzhm abz fkvhv }dh v}klmkzm cxllhzw

pzbfhvv gv lb} sbzeglc bz kmmg}gblki v}hpv lhhm }b jh }kehl, Vbnh }gnhv)vgcd}v nkw lb} jh qgvgjih bz nkw jh mknkchm, Ga }dhzh gv k vhfblmkzw

vgcd} }dk} sbzev jh}}hz gl k cgqhl fblmg}gbl) k vdbb}hz dkv }b jhpzhpkzhm }b xvh }dh ki}hzlk}h vgcd}v sg}dbx} mhikw, Gzbl vgcd}v nkw lb}

jh fihkziw qgvgjih gl fhz}kgl vg}xk}gblv) klm gnnhmgk}h xvh ba ibs igcd}vxppihnhl} vgcd}v bl gzbl vgcd}v fkl dhip gl }dbvh vg}xk}gblv, Bp}gfki

vgcd} nkw jh mknkchm bz akgi) klm gnnhmgk}h vsg}fd }b gzbl vgcd}v bzb}dhz glmhtglc nh}dbmv nkw jh zh{xgzhm,

Glfzhkvh gl haagfghlfw fkl kivb jh nkmh jw xvh ba zhkmw pbv}xzh }dk}

jh}}hz akfgig}k}hv haahf}gqh zhkmw pbv}xzh }b vdbb}glc pik}abzn}zklvg}gbl, Abz htknpih? Sdhl k pgv}bi gv gl xvh) ht}hlmglc kl kzn

dbimglc k pgv}bi lhkz fdhv} }bskzm k }kzch} gl bzmhz }b abzn k vdbb}glcpik}abzn fkl jh jh}}hz fbl}zbiihm }b v}bp k} k mhvgzhm pbgl} }dkl

vsglcglc xp k axiiw ht}hlmhm kzn }dk} skv pbgl}hm mbslskzm,


17/68

.........................................................................

Vdb} haahf} kvvhvvnhl} klm }hznglk}gbl ba cxllhzw pzbfhvv?

]dhzh gv k lhhm }b kvvhvv }dh haahf} ba vdb}v agzhm bl k }kzch},

Mhphlmglc bl }dh kvvhvvnhl}) }dh bphzk}bz sdb gv nkeglc }dh kvvhvvnhl}nkw dkqh }b fbl}glxh }dh k}}kfe jw zhphk}glc agzglc) bz fdklch }dh kgn

pbgl} klm zhvxnh agzglc) bz v}bp agzglc, Dbshqhz) pkxvglc }b bjvhzqh glbzmhz }b nkeh vxfd kvvhvvnhl} nkw cgqh }dh }kzch}hm bppblhl} kl

bppbz}xlg}w }b k}}kfe }dh bphzk}bz ga }dh bppblhl} gv lb} glfkpkfg}k}hm,Dbshqhz) bphzk}bzv sbxim lb} skl} }b skv}h }gnh klm knnxlg}gbl bl

vdbb}glc kl bppblhl} sdb gv kizhkmw glfkpkfg}k}hm,

Blh skw }b mhki sg}d nklkcglc }dbvh zgvev gv }b nkeh }dh kvvhvvnhl}

sg}dbx} v}bppglc k}}kfe) jw bjvhzqglc bliw sdk} gv bjvhzqkjih sdgihkgnglc klm agzglc k} }dh vknh }gnh, K}}kfe sbxim fbl}glxh sg}dbx}pkxvglc abz nbzh mh}kgihm bjvhzqk}gbl xl}gi }dhzh gv kl glmgfk}gbl) vxfd


18/68

kv bppblhl} akiiglc klm lb iblchz vdbsglc klw glmgfk}gbl ba dbv}gihkf}gbl) bz vbnh hqhl} gv bjvhzqhm }dk} sbxim nkeh g} ahkvgjih }b v}bp

k}}kfe) vxfd kv bppblhl} jhdglm k pzb}hf}gbl bjohf} mgvkpphkzglc jhdglm}dh bjohf}, ]dk} sbxim lb} nhkl }dh bppblhl} gv glfkpkfg}k}hm, Kl

bppblhl} sdb dkv akiihl azbn v}klmglc bz elhhiglc pbvg}gbl nkw jh v}giifkpkjih ba agcd}glc, ]dh zhkvbl sdw kl bppblhl} mgvkpphkzhm jhdglm k

pzb}hf}gbl bjohf} nkw bz nkw lb} jhfkxvh }dh bppblhl}#v akiiglc jhdglm}dh bjohf} fkxvhm jw glfkpkfg}k}gbl, G} bliw nhklv }dh bphzk}bz nkw dkqh

kl bppbz}xlg}w }b v}bp vdbb}glc gl bzmhz }b mb k nbzh mh}kgihmhtknglk}gbl bz nbqh bl }b k}}kfe k nbzh }dzhk}hlglc bppblhl} k} }dh }gnh,

Dbshqhz) sdk} gv bjvhzqkjih mxzglc kgnglc klm agzglc nkw lb} jh kv

mh}kgihm sdhl kl bphzk}bz gv bliw bjvhzqglc, Bphzk}bz nkw lb} jh dg}}glc}dh }kzch}) bz dg}v bl }dh kzhk ba }dh }kzch} nkw lb} jh haahf}gqh,

]dhzh#v kivb k pbvvgjgig}w }dk} }dh }kzch} nkw lb} htdgjg} kl bjqgbxvvgcl ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl sdhl g} bffxz, Kl bppblhl} sdb gv glfkpkfg}k}hm

fkl v}gii jh gl k pbv}xzh }dk} zhvhnjihv k igqh bppblhl} gl k}}kfepbv}xzh gl vbnh vg}xk}gblv, Bphzk}bzv nkw dkqh }b pikl }b vdga} kgn }b k

mgaahzhl} ibfk}gbl bz v}bp agzglc k} k fhz}kgl pbgl} }b vhh sdk} dkvdkpphlhm ga }dhgz agzglc kpphkzv }b dkqh lb haahf},

.........................................................................


19/68

:,=, Kgnglc Gvvxhv,

.........................................................................Nbqglc }kzch}?

Dg}}glc nbqglc }kzch} glqbiqhv hv}gnk}glc }dh pbgl} sdhzh }kzch} fbxzvh

klm jxiih} }zkohf}bzw lhhmv }b fblqhzch gl bzmhz abz }dh kgn pbgl} bl }dh}kzch} klm }dh jxiih} }b jh k} }dh vknh pikfh ka}hz k jxiih}#v }zkqhi

}gnh ga }dh jxiih} gv agzhm k} }dh nbnhl}, K vdbb}hz sbxim }dhl kmoxv}}dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} }b sdhzh }dh vgcd} lhhmv }b glmht gl bzmhz }b dg} }dh

fblqhzch pbgl} }b ch} }dh fbzzhf} vgcd} kgn pbgl}, ]dh vdbb}hz sbxim agzh}b vhlm k jxiih} }b }dh fblqhzch pbgl},

Vdbb}glc sdhzh }dh hv}gnk}hm ibfk}gbl ba }dh kgn pbgl} bl k }kzch} sbxim

jh gl }dk} ax}xzh gv fkiihm *ihkm,* G}#v ba}hl lb} pbvvgjih }b ch} kpzhfgvh pzhmgf}gbl jhfkxvh }dh bphzk}bz fkllb} elbs sdh}dhz ga }dh

bppblhl}#v vphhm bz mgzhf}gbl ba }zkqhi sbxim fdklch, ]dh pzglfgpkinh}dbm glqbiqhm gl dg}}glc k nbqglc }kzch} gl fbnjk} mbhv lb} fdklch azbn

jkvgfv, Bphzk}bz }zkfev }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl}) mhvfzgjhm kjbqh, Gl kmmg}gbl}b }dh pzbjihn ba hv}gnk}glc sdhzh }dh gl}hlmhm kgn pbgl} bl k }kzch}

sbxim jh kffbzmglc }b }kzch} nbqhnhl} pk}}hzl }dk} gv kizhkmw bjvhzqhm)}dhzh gv kivb k pzbjihn ba bphzk}bz#v zhvpblvh vphhm }b klw bjvhzqhm

fdklch gl }dh }kzch}#v nbqhnhl}, Ga k }kzch}#v nbqhnhl} vphhm bzmgzhf}gbl fdklchv) bphzk}bz#v fbzzhvpblmglc fdklch gl kgn }zkfeglc sgii

dkqh k fhz}kgl }gnh mhikw, Mhphlmglc bl }dh vg}xk}gbl) vxfd kv zk}h bafdklch gl vphhm bz mgzhf}gbl ba nbqhnhl}) }dh ikc fkl jh }bb czhk} abz k

vxffhvvaxi dg}, Kivb) fbl}glxbxv kgn pbgl} }zkfeglc bffxpghv pzbfhvvglc

pbshz,

Glv}hkm ba kgnglc mgzhf}iw k} }dh fbl}glxbxviw fkifxik}hm pbgl} sdhzh

}kzch} fbxzvh klm jxiih} }zkohf}bzw lhhmv }b fblqhzch) bzghl}glc }dhvgcd} kgn pbgl} bl k pbgl} ba }dh }kzch}#v fbxzvh sdhzh }dh }kzch} gv

pzhmgf}hm }b nbqh gl}b }dhl skg}glc abz }dh }kzch} }b nbqh gl }dk} pbgl}nkw zhmxfh }dh }gnh ckp fkxvhm jw }dh }zkfeglc pzbfhvv ikc klm zhmxfh

nhl}ki sbze ibkm ba fbl}glxbxv }zkfeglc pzbfhvv jw ch}}glc }dh cxl#v kgnkdhkm ba }dh }kzch}#v nbqhnhl} zk}dhz }dkl fbl}glxbxviw fk}fdglc xp sg}d

g}, ]dh pzbjihn sg}d }dgv }hfdlg{xh gv }dk} vglfh }dh kgn pbgl} gvmh}hznglhm jw pzhmgf}gbl ba }kzch}#v pbvg}gbl axz}dhz gl}b }dh ax}xzh

}dkl }dh pxzh }zkfeglc nh}dbm) }dh kffxzkfw ba }dh pzhmgf}hm kgn pbgl} gvihvv fhz}kgl) czhk}iw mhphlmglc bl dbs fblvgv}hl} }kzch}#v nbqhnhl} gv,

Abz }dk} zhkvbl) }dh }hfdlg{xh gv lb} fbnpih}hiw azhh ba }dh vdbb}hzdkqglc }b fblv}kl}iw kmoxv} kgn pbgl},

Fbnjglk}gbl ba jb}d }hfdlg{xh nkw jh haahf}gqh, ]dgv gv kinbv} vknh kv

}dh agzv} kgn }zkfeglc nh}dbm gl pzglfgpih, Sg}d }dh fbnjglk}gbl}hfdlg{xh) k cxllhz sbxim v}gii }zkfe kgn pbgl} kffbzmglc }b }kzch}

nbqhnhl} sg}d k cxl vgcd}, Dbshqhz) }dh }zkfeglc sgii v}kz} jw }zkfeglc kpbgl} bl }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} nbqhnhl} fbxzvh vigcd}iw kdhkm ba }dh htkf}

vgcd} kgn pbgl} k} }dh cgqhl nbnhl} sg}d }dh vgcd} glmht pbgl}, ]dhl }dhvdbb}hz sbxim vibs mbsl }dh }zkfeglc nbqhnhl} vb }dk} }dh ckp jh}shhl }dh

vgcd} glmht pbgl} klm vgcd} kgn pbgl} sbxim mhfzhkvh) }dhl nk}fd, Glv}hkm


20/68

ba fblv}kl}iw }zwglc }b ch} }dh vgcd} glmht pbgl} }b fk}fd xp sg}d }dhvgcd} kgn pbgl} gl bzmhz }b }zkfe kgn) }dk} kiibsv }dh bphzk}bz }b }zkfe

k pbgl} bl }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} fbxzvh kdhkm ba }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} }dhlvibs mbsl }b kiibs }dh vgcd} kgn pbgl} }b fk}fd xp sg}d }dh vgcd} glmht

pbgl}, ]dh vgcd} glmht pbgl} sbxim fbl}glxbxviw jh kmoxv}hm kffbzmglc }b}kzch} nbqhnhl},

Mhphlmglc bl }dh vg}xk}gbl) klm }dh glmgqgmxki cxllhz#v fdkzkf}hzgv}gfv)

}dh cxllhz gv kmoxv}glc }dh kgn pbgl} lb} bliw abz }gnh g} }kehv abz }dhjxiih} }b zhkfd }dh }kzch}#v mgv}klfh klm }kzch}#v nbqhnhl}, ]dhzh#v nkw

kivb jh k }gnh ikc abz }dh cxllhz }b agzh ka}hz mhfgvgbl }b agzh gv nkehsdgfd vdbxim kivb jh }kehl gl}b fblvgmhzk}gbl,

Dbshqhz) ga }dh mgv}klfh gv fibvhz) }dh bppblhl} fkl nbqh ihvv mgv}klfh

mxzglc }dh jxiih}#v aigcd} }gnh, ]dk} nkehv g} hkvghz abz }dh bphzk}bz }bdg} sg}d }dh vknh mhczhh ba hv}gnk}gbl hzzbz, Ga }dh mgv}klfh gv fibvh

hlbxcd) }dh bphzk}bz fkl v}gii kfdghqh kffhp}kjih dg} hqhl sdgihfbnpih}hiw gclbzglc ihkm,

Kivb) abz zklch xp }b :00n abz zgaih klm kjbx} 80n abz pgv}bi) dxnkl

}kzch} mb lb} nbqh akv} hlbxcd abz zklch }b nk}}hz) vb pkz} ba }dhnbqhnhl} }dk} mbhv lb} dkqh klcxikz vphhm azbn }dh vdbb}hz#v pbgl} ba

qghs fkl jh gclbzhm gl nbv} fgzfxnv}klfhv, Abz htknpih) azbn bphzk}bz#vpbgl} ba qghs) azbl} }b jkfe nbqhnhl} bz dbzgbl}ki bz qhz}gfki nbqhnhl}

}dk} kgn pbgl} mbhv lb} dkqh hlbxcd }zkqhi mgv}klfh abz k ngvv glkffhp}kjih gnpkf} kzhk bl kl bppblhl} gl jxiih} aigcd} }gnh fkl jh

gclbzhm,

K jxiih} }zkqhiglc k} 400n"v sbxim kzzgqh k} :00n mgv}klfh gl 0,:8vhfblm, ]dgv gv k vgnpigaghm abznxik sdhzh jxiih}#v mhfhihzk}gbl gv

gclbzhm oxv} abz giixv}zk}gbl pxzpbvh, Kvvxnglc kl bppblhl} gv fkpkjih bavpzgl}glc k} 3n"v sg}d nktgnxn klcxikz vphhm) zxllglc dbzgbl}ki gl

mgzhf}gbl phzphlmgfxikz }b bphzk}bz#v iglh ba vgcd} }b }dh bppblhl})bppblhl} sbxim dkqh }zkqhihm ;,38n bl 0,:8 vhfblm, ]dgv gv kjbx} }dh

dhgcd} ba kl kmxi} nkih, Skieglc k} kppzbtgnk}hiw ;n"v sbxim zhvxi} gl}zkqhi mgv}klfh ba 0,:8n) kppzbtgnk}hiw dkia v}hp mgv}klfh, Xvglc }dgv

eglm ba mk}k) k vdbb}hz fkl fbnh xp sg}d k vgnpih abznxik }dk} fkl jh{xgfeiw kppighm xp }b fhz}kgl zklch, Nbzh }dh zklch) nbzh mk}k }dk} dkv

}b jh nhnbzghm) jx} hqhl zklch xp }b :00n abz zgaih sbxim fbqhz mgv}klfhsdhzh nbv} glfgmhl} ba zgaih fbnjk} bffxz,

K pgv}bi jxiih} }zkqhiglc k} 680n"v sbxim }keh kjbx} 0,;= vhfblm }b

}zkqhi 80n, K phzvbl vpzgl}glc k} 3n"v sbxim dkqh }zkqhihm ;n) vpzgl}glck} dkia }dk} vphhm sbxim dkqh }zkqhihm 0,8n) klm skieglc k} ;n"v sbxim

dkqh }zkqhihm 0,;=n, Ga vdbb}glc bffxzv sg}d gl :0n) }dk} sbxim jh 0,=n)0,:n) klm 0,0:4n zhvphf}gqhiw, Jx}) ga }dh bppblhl} gv nbqglc kskw gl k

iglh }dk} gv =8 mhczhh klcih azbn bphzk}bz#v iglh ba vgcd} }b }dhbppblhl}) }dh klcxikz nbqhnhl} sbxim zhmxfh gl dkia,

Vb) gl fkvh ba :0n mgv}klfh bz fibvhz) klw vphhm }dk} gv skieglc vphhm bz

ihvv fkl jh gclbzhm abz ihkm gl nbv} fkvhv) hqhl jzgve skie k} axii


21/68

pbvvgjih klcxikz vphhm qkixh sbxim bliw jh kjbx} 0,081n }zkqhi gl jxiih}aigcd} }gnh, Dbshqhz) hqhl dkia vphhm vpzgl}glc fkl dkqh kl gnpkf} bl dbs

}dh vdbb}hz vdbbhm kmoxv} kgn abz zhik}gqhiw vibs jxiih}v igeh }dk} ba kpgv}bi, 0,=n }zkqhi sdhl bliw vgmh ba kl bppblhl} gv qgvgjih azbn

bphzk}bz#v pbgl} ba qghs fkn jh nbzh }dkl hlbxcd abz k fbnpih}h ngvv,

Bphzk}bz vdbxim v}kz} }zkfeglc }dh }kzch} jw bzghl}glc }dh vdbb}glcpik}abzn fbnglc gl}b abzn kv vbbl kv }dh cxllhzw pzbfhvv v}kz}v) lb}

skg}glc xl}gi k vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv abznhm gl bzmhz }b v}kz} }zkfeglc,Ga }dh klcxikz nbqhnhl} ba }dh }kzch} gv }b k ikzch mhczhh }dk} }zkfeglc

jw xpphz jbmw zb}k}gbl kiblh sbxim zhvxi} gl }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glcpik}abzn zhkfdglc lhkz g}v nb}gbl igng} jhabzh agzglc bffxzv) bphzk}bz

vdbxim gnnhmgk}hiw }xzl }dh sdbih jbmw }b ehhp }dh vdbb}glc pik}abznfbnglc gl}b abzn bzghl}hm }bskzm }dh nbqglc }kzch}, B}dhzsgvh) kl

bphzk}bz nkw hlm xp sg}d k vdbb}glc pik}abzn }dk} gv bzghl}hm gl kmgzhf}gbl sdhzh }dh gl}hlmhm }kzch} skv) lb} sdhzh g} gv fxzzhl}iw k}) jw

}dh }gnh }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv abznhm, Vknh kppighv sdhl k cxllhzwpzbfhvv gv glg}gk}hm sdgih gl v}klm jw v}k}h, Abz htknpih) kl bphzk}bz

nkw dkqh }b zb}k}h blh#v sdbih jbmw akv} sdgih mzksglc k pgv}bi azbndbiv}hz gl bzmhz }b ehhp }dh bzghl}k}gbl ba }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn fbnglc

gl}b abzn }bskzm kl bppblhl} sdb gv nbqglc akv} vgmhskw k} fibvhpzbtgng}w, Ihcv nkw lhhm }b jh nbqhm klm xpphz jbmw nkw kivb lhhm }b jh

zb}k}hm gl bzmhz }b ehhp bzghl}k}gbl }zkfe }kzch} nbqhnhl}, Ga klbphzk}bz gv xvglc k vdbb}glc pbv}xzh }hfdlg{xh }dk} ehhpv }dh sdbih jbmw)

glfixmglc }dh ibshz jbmw ihc pbvg}gblglc) gl k vknh zgcgm abzn) }dk}}zkfeglc nkw lb} jh mblh haahf}gqhiw,

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Gvvxh ba bliw ehhpglc blh hwh xvhm abz kgnglc bphl bz jb}d hwhv bphl?

Nbv} cxl vgcd} vwv}hn gv kgnhm sg}d blh iglh ba vgcd} azbn kl hwh }dzbxcd}dh kgnglc mhqgfh }b }dh }kzch}, ]dhzh kzh vbnh pzbjihnv sg}d }dk}, Klw

qgvxki glpx} azbn }dh b}dhz hwh }dk} mbhv lb} zhfblfgih azbn }dh gnkchfbnglc gl azbn }dh hwh xvhm abz kgnglc fkl fkxvh fblaxvgbl, Kivb) hqhl ga

jb}d gnkchv fkl jh zhfblfgihm) g} nkw zh{xgzh nhl}ki pzbfhvvglc pbshz}dk} mzksv k}}hl}gbl kskw azbn b}dhz fzg}gfki nhl}ki pzbfhvvhv, Hg}dhz

jb}d hwhv bphl bz blh hwh bliw nh}dbm fkl jh xvhm) klm hkfd dkv g}v bslvh} ba kmqkl}kchv klm pzbjihnv,

Nbv} phbpih dkqh qgvgbl vwv}hn vh} gl k nkllhz }dk} glpx} azbn blh hwh gv

zhfbclghm vgclgagfkl}iw v}zblchz }dkl }dh glpx} azbn }dh b}dhz hwh, Ga}dh mbnglkl} hwh gv xvhm abz kgnglc) gnkch zhfblfgigk}gbl nkw lb} jh k

pzbjihn sg}d nbv} vg}xk}gblv jhfkxvh klw gnkch glpx} azbn }dh lbl.kgnglchwh gv vgnpiw bqhzpbshzhm,


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Dbshqhz) jb}d hwhv bphlhm nh}dbm dkv lxnjhz ba pzbjihnv, Vbnh phbpih dkqh}dh mbnglkl} hwh bl }dh vgmh }dk} gv bppbvg}h ba }dh vgmh ba k dklm k

pgv}bi nkw lhhm }b jh dhim bz vgmh ba }dh vdbximhz k zgaih v}bfe dkv }bfbl}kf}, ]dgv gv k pzbjihn sg}d nbv} }wph ba shkpblv) hqhl ga }dh shkpbl

gv mhvgclhm }b jh knjgmht}zbxv) jhfkxvh }kf}gfki vg}xk}gbl nkw zh{xgzh klbphzk}bz }b vsg}fd }dh dklm dbimglc k pgv}bi bz vgmh ba }dh vdbximhz k

zgaih v}bfe gv pikfhm bl, Ga }dh shkpbl gl xvh gv k zgaih) }dhl g} fkllb}jh haahf}gqhiw xvhm sg}d g}v v}bfe bl }dh vgmh ba }dh vdbximhz }dk} mbhv

lb} kiibs }dh mbnglkl} hwh }b jh xvhm abz kgnglc, Kivb) vbnh phbpih nkwdkqh gnkchv azbn }dh mbnglkl} hwh glpx} }dk} gv lb} zhfbclghm

vgclgagfkl}iw v}zblchz }dkl }dk} fbnglc azbn }dh b}dhz hwh, Klb}dhzpzbjihn gv }dk} hqhl ga k shkpbl gv kgnhm sg}d k mbnglkl} hwh sg}d }dh

shkpbl gl xvh pbvg}gblhm bl }dh vdbb}hz#v jbmw gl kl haagfghl} klm pzbphznkllhz) }dhzh v}gii fkl jh k vg}xk}gbl sdhzh akgihm gnkch zhfblfgigk}gbl

fzhk}glc fblaxvgbl gv k pzbjihn, Vxzzbxlmglc bjohf}v klm dbs g} gvgiixnglk}hm jw qkzgbxv igcd} vbxzfhv fkl fkxvh k vg}xk}gbl sdhzh gnkch

glpx} azbn }dh mbnglkl} hwh gv lb} zhfbclghm vgclgagfkl}iw v}zblchz,

Vgnpihv} nh}dbm }b kqbgm }dh gnkch zhfblfgigk}gbl pzbjihn gv }b fibvh }dhhwh lb} xvhm abz kgnglc, Nbzh haagfghl} }kzch} gnkch pzbfhvvglc jw

hignglk}glc fblaigf}glc gnkch glpx} azbn }dh hwh lb} xvhm abz kgnglc) lb}jhglc igng}hm }b xvh shkpbl haahf}gqhiw bliw sg}d mbnglkl} vgmh hwh kzh

}dh jhlhag}v, G} kivb dkv }dh jhlhag} ba kiibsglc nbzh haahf}gqh xvh bapzb}hf}gbl bjohf}v, Sg}d jb}d hwhv bphl nh}dbm) kl bphzk}bz nkw dkqh }b

htpbvh blh#v dhkm xl}gi }dh mbnglkl} hwh fkl vhh }dh }kzch}, ]dk} sbximzhvxi} gl bphzk}bz htpbvglc vgclgagfkl}iw nbzh kzhk ba }dh dhkm) ga }dh

hmch ba }dh bjohf} xvhm abz pzb}hf}gbl }dh bphzk}bz gv jhglc htpbvhm azbn

gv bl }dh bppbvg}h vgmh ba }dh bphzk}bz#v mbnglkl} hwh,

]dh blh hwh bliw nh}dbm kivb dkv g}v vh} ba pzbjihnv, Vbnh phbpih nkw lb}

jh kjih }b bqhzfbnh k nhl}ki fblmg}gblglc vh} jw sdk}hqhz igah htphzghlfhbz vxjfblvfgbxv zhvpblvh }b }dzhk}v }dk} nkehv }dhn bphl jb}d hwhv sdhl

b}dhz phbpih kzh fkpkjih ba fibvglc blh hwh, Kivb) }dhzh kzh phbpih) abzsdk}hqhz zhkvbl) kzh xlkjih }b xvh lbl.mbnglkl} hwh abz kgnglc hqhl sdhl

lb }dzhk} gv glqbiqhm) ki}dbxcd }dhw fblvgv} qhzw vnkii pbz}gbl ba }dhpbpxik}gbl,

Vbnh phbpih fikgnv blh hwh bliw nh}dbm gv jkm abz }dh zhkvbl }dk} g}

nkehv vdbb}hz ibvh phzgpdhzki qgvgbl, Dbshqhz) vhihf}gbl ba hg}dhz nh}dbmgv k fbnpzbngvh jh}shhl zgve klm jhlhag}v, Hqhl }dbxcd phzgpdhzki qgvgbl

gv lb} kv sgmh sg}d blh hwh bliw nh}dbm fbnpkzhm }b }sb hwhv bphl nh}dbm)}dh phzgbm sg}d bliw blh hwh gv bphlhm gv igng}hm }b }gnh sdhl kl

bphzk}bz gv kgnglc, Klm) sdhl kl bphzk}bz gv gl kl kgnglc pzbfhvv) }dhbphzk}bz gv lb} vfkllglc vglfh glfkpkfg}k}gbl ba }dh pzgnkzw }kzch} dkv

pzgbzg}w klm vhkzfdglc abz pbvvgjih htgv}hlfh ba bppblhl}v gl phzgpdhzkiqgvgbl gv k mgv}zkf}gbl, Vb) }dh zgve glqbiqhm gl }dh blh hwh bliw nh}dbm

sbxim jh vnkii fbnpkzhm }b g}v jhlhag}v,

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23/68

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]kzch} }b }kzch} }zklvg}gbl?

Kl bphzk}bz vdbxim nklhxqhz bz pbvg}gbl blhvhia gl k skw }b pzhqhl} jhglchtpbvhm }b nbzh }dkl blh bppblhl} k} k cgqhl }gnh sdhl vdbb}glc, Dbshqhz)

ga }dhzh kzh nbzh }dkl blh bppblhl} qgvgjih }dk} kl bphzk}bz dkv }bk}}kfe) }zklvg}gblglc bzghl}k}gbl ba }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn azbn blh

}kzch} }b klb}dhz jhfbnhv lhfhvvkzw,

]dh agzv} gvvxh }b fblvgmhz gv sdhl }dh }zklvg}gbl v}kz}v, Ga kl bppblhl}}dk} gv }kzch}hm agzv} jhfbnhv glfkpkfg}k}hm }dhl bphzk}bz fkl }zklvg}gbl

}b }dh lht} }kzch}) jx} }dh kpphkzklfh ba }dh glfkpkfg}k}gbl nkw lb} jhgnnhmgk}h bz g} nkw }keh nbzh vdb}v mhigqhzhm bl }dh }kzch} abz }dh

glfkpkfg}k}gbl }b bffxz sdgfd sbxim mhikw bphzk}bz#v vdbb}glc ba }dh lht}bppblhl} ga }dh bphzk}bz skg}v }b bjvhzqh vxfd vgcl, ]dk} mhikw fkl cgqh

kl bppbz}xlg}w abz }dh lht} }kzch}hm bppblhl} }b k}}kfe }dh bphzk}bz,

G} gv kjbx} kvvhvvglc }dh zgve ba }keglc }gnh }b bjvhzqh k vgcl baglfkpkfg}k}gbl ba }dh agzv} }kzch} sdgfd nkw cgqh kl bppbz}xlg}w abz }dh

lht} }kzch} }b k}}kfe }dh bphzk}bz qhzvxv lb} }keglc }gnh }b bjvhzqh kvgcl ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl ba }dh agzv} }kzch} klm }zklvg}gblglc }b k}}kfe

}dh lht} }kzch}, ]dh zgve ba abznhz fkl kpphkz }b jh czhk}hz }dkl }dh

ik}hz gl vbnh vg}xk}gblv klm lb} vb bl b}dhz vg}xk}gblv, ]b nklkch }dk}zgve) nklw bphzk}bzv bz bzcklgk}gblv nkeh g} k pbigfw }b mhigqhz kfhz}kgl lxnjhz ba vdb}v bl }dh agzv} }kzch}) }dhl }zklvg}gbl }b }dh lht}

}kzch} sg}dbx} }keglc }gnh }b bjvhzqh k vgcl ba glfkpkfg}k}gbl) }dhlka}hz }dh ikv} }kzch} hg}dhz kpphkzv }b jh glfkpkfg}k}hm bz }dk} fhz}kgl

lxnjhz ba vdb}v dkv jhhl mhigqhzhm }b g}) }dh bphzk}bz sbxim zhkvvhvv kiiqgvgjih bppblhl}v }b mh}hznglh sdgfd blh lhhmv }b jh k}}kfehm kckgl,

Dbshqhz) igeh klw b}dhz }hfdlg{xhv bz pbigfhv) g} lhhmv }b jh kmoxv}hmkffbzmglc }b }dh vg}xk}gbl, Ga kl bppblhl} gv akz) mhigqhzglc nxi}gpih

vdb}v bl }dk} }kzch} fkl }keh iblchz }gnh) sdgfd nkw oxv}gaw mhigqhzglcihvv lxnjhz ba vdb}v bl }kzch} jhabzh }zklvg}gblglc }b }dh lht} }kzch},

Gl vbnh vg}xk}gblv) bphzk}bz nkw jh nbzh htpbvhm }b }dh lht} }kzch} }dkl}dh agzv}) bz klb}dhz }kzch} }dk} kpphkzhm ik}hz fkl jh nbzh ba k }dzhk}

jhfkxvh g} gv fibvhz,

Ga klcxikz mgvphzvgbl jh}shhl }dh fxzzhl} }kzch} klm }dh lht} blh gvvnkii) nkgl}kglglc vdbb}glc pik}abzn klm zb}k}glc g} }b }zklvg}gbl sbxim

jh ihvv }gnh fblvxnglc }dkl kiibs }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }b mgvgl}hczk}h}b }xzl }dhl zhjxgimglc g}, Jx}) }xzlglc sg}d k fbnpih}h vdbb}glc

pik}abzn abzn fkl jh vibshz }dkl nkeglc blhvhia fbnpkf} jw zh}xzlglc }bzhkmw pbvg}gbl }b qkzgbxv mhczhhv, Ga klcxikz mgvphzvgbl jh}shhl }dh }sb

}kzch}v kzh czhk}) }dhl jzglcglc }dh cxl fibvhz }b akfgig}k}h akv}hz }xzlnkw jh lhfhvvkzw, ]dk} sbxim zhvxi} gl }dh pbv}xzh jhglc ihvv fibvh }b k

fbnph}h vdbb}glc pik}abzn abzn, Dbs ihvv }dh pbv}xzh sbxim jh fibvh }b k


24/68

fbnpih}h vdbb}glc pik}abzn mhphlmv bl }dh mhczhh ba klcxikz mgvphzvgbl ba}dh }sb }kzch}v, Nbzh }dh klcxikz mgvphzvki) nbzh fdklch ba pbv}xzh nkw

jh lhhmhm }b akfgig}k}h akv}hz }xzl, G} }kehv }gnh }b fdklch }dh pbv}xzhazbn vdbb}glc pik}abzn klm zhabzn }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn) vb fdklcglc }dh

pbv}xzh }b k mhczhh }dk} g} sbxim }keh iblchz }b mb fdklch azbn klm }b kvdbb}glc pik}abzn }dkl }b fbnpih}h }dh }zklvg}gbl }xzl vdbxim jh kqbgmhm,

G} kivb mhphlmv bl }dh ihlc}d klm shgcd} ba }dh cxl, Sg}d k igcd}hz klmvdbz}hz zgaih) }xzlglc zb}k}glc k ikzch klcih gl vdbb}glc pik}abzn abzn

bz k abzn fibvh }b g} nkw lb} jh nxfd ba k mgvkmqkl}kch,

Sdh}dhz ga }dh dhkm klm hwhv vdbxim zhnkgl k fbnpih}h vdbb}glc pik}abznklm }xzl sg}d }dh kgnglc hwh bl }dh vgcd} bz mgvgl}hczk}h azbn }dh

vdbb}glc pik}abzn klm }xzl agzv} }b }zkfe }dh lht} }kzch} sdgih}zklvg}gblglc kivb mhphlmv bl }dh akf}bzv nhl}gblhm kjbqh, Ga }dh klcxikz

mgvphzvgbl jh}shhl }dh fxzzhl} klm lht} }kzch} gv vnkii klm }dh vdbb}hzelbsv htkf}iw sdhzh }dh lht} }kzch} gv) nkgl}kglglc }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn

}b jh bzghl}k}hm htkf}iw }b }dk} }kzch} fkl jh k ahkvgjih bp}gbl,Dbshqhz) }dh lht} }kzch}#v ibfk}gbl ngcd} dkqh fdklchm) bz }dh vdbb}hz

nkw jh lb} mb kffxzk}h gl }xzlglc }b bzghl} }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn gl }dhikv} elbsl mgzhf}gbl ba }dh lht} }kzch} sg}dbx} qgvxkiiw ibbeglc k} }dk}

mgzhf}gbl agzv}, Hwhv bz dhkm nkw dkqh }b }xzl agzv} }bskzm }dh htphf}hm}kzch} mgzhf}gbl }b ch} }dh ibfk}gbl glabznk}gbl ba }dh lht} }kzch} klm

cxgmh }dh zhv} ba }dh jbmw gl}b abznglc k vdbb}glc pik}abzn bzghl}hm}bskzm g}, Jhv} fbxzvh ba kf}gbl sbxim mgaahz azbn glmgqgmxki }b

glmgqgmxki) mhphlmglc bl }dhgz vphhm klm kffxzkfw ba }dh }xzl klmbjvhzqk}gbl fkpkjgig}w mxzglc }dh }xzl sg}d k fbnpih}h vdbb}glc pik}abzn

bz pbv}xzh sg}d qkzwglc mhczhh ba fdklch azbn }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn gl

bzmhz }b akfgig}k}h }xzl vphhm klm kffxzkfw,

Vbnh phbpih nkw }dgle }zklvg}gblglc sg}d k fbnpih}h vdbb}glc pik}abzn

sg}d hwhv abiibsglc }dh vgcd} gv jh}}hz jhfkxvh g} gv haahf}gqh gl}zkglglc bz vdbb}glc vpbz} vg}xk}gbl sdhzh }sb }kzch}v kzh vh} xp gl lb}

vb sgmh klcxikz mgvphzvgbl, Jx}) }dk} gv mgaahzhl} azbn kf}xki fbnjk}vg}xk}gbl jhfkxvh }dh vdbb}hz elbsv htkf}iw sdhzh }dh lht} }kzch} gv klm

}dk} }kzch} mbhv lb} nbqh bz zhvpblm }b }dh vbxlm ba cxl agzh, K vdbb}hzsbxim jzgveiw }xzl }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }bskzm }dh elbsl vpb} ba }dh

lht} }kzch} sg}dbx} ibbeglc k} g} agzv}) klm }dh }kzch} sbxim v}gii jh}dhzh, Vknh mbhv lb} kppiw }b k igqh bppblhl}, ]dgv mbhv lb} nhkl

zb}k}glc kv k fbnpih}h vdbb}glc pik}abzn fkllb} jh haahf}gqh, G} gv oxv}}b giixv}zk}h }dk} bphzk}bzv vdbxim jh fkx}gbxv kjbx} sdw }dhw jhighqh k

fhz}kgl }hfdlg{xh gv haahf}gqh bz lb},

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.........................................................................Kgnglc sg}dbx} vgcd}v?

]dgv fkl jh lhfhvvkzw k} }gnhv) jx} vdbxim jh kqbgmhm kv nxfd kv

pbvvgjih, Nbv} zhigkjih klm kffxzk}h nh}dbm abz k dxnkl }b glmhtglc k


25/68

pbgl} sg}d kl bjohf} gv }b xvh qgvxki zhahzhlfh klm hzzbz fbzzhf}gbl jwahhm jkfe, Sg}dbx} qgvxki zhahzhlfh) bzghl}k}gbl ba k cxl sbxim jh mblh

jw ahhi ba jbmw pkz} pbvg}gblglc, Gl bzmhz abz k cxl }b jh pbvg}gblhm }bdg} k 60 fn sgmh fgzfih k} ;0n) }dh cxl#v bzghl}k}gbl dkv }b jh sg}dgl 60

ngi klcxikz zklch$kppzbtgnk}hiw ;,3: mhczhh', Hqhl k zhik}gqhiw fibvhzzklch vxfd kv 8n sbxim zh{xgzh 10 ngi$kppzbtgnk}hiw 6,== mhczhh'

kffxzkfw,

Pbvg}gblglc k pgv}bi sg}dgl bliw k ahs mhczhh kffxzkfw jw ahhi ba jbmwpkz} pbvg}gblglc kiblh zh{xgzhv qhzw aglh vhlvh klm fbl}zbi sdgfd fkl jh

qhzw hkvgiw mhczkmhm jw v}zhvv klm pbv}xzhv xvhm }dk} gv kseskzm bzmgaahzhl} azbn k vglcih pbv}xzh }dk} gv xvhm gl }zkglglc, ]dgv cbhv

kckglv} }dh fikgn }dk} vxfd nh}dbm gv jh}}hz vxg}hm abz vg}xk}gblv sdhzhaglh vhlvh klm fbl}zbi kjgig}w gv mhczkmhm, *Pbgl} vdbb}glc* gl k vhlvh

ba lb} xvglc vgcd} }b kgn sdgfd zh{xgzhv xvh ba jbmw ahhi kiblh }bpbvg}gbl k cxl sg}dgl bliw k ahs mhczhh klcih }bihzklfh gv }dhzhabzh lb}

k czbvv nb}bz vegii kv nklw phbpih sdb kmqbfk}hv xvh ba vxfd nh}dbm kv kpzgnkzw nhklv ba kgnglc fikgnv g} }b jh, ]dk}#v sdw }dh nh}dbm kivb lhhmv

}zkglglc) ba}hl ht}hlvgqh) sdgfd fbl}zkmgf}v vbnh phbpih#v fikgn }dk} gv*glv}glf}gqh,*

Kii kgnhm vdbb}glc glqbiqhv pbgl}glc k cxl k} k }kzch}) zhckzmihvv ba

sdh}dhz ga k qgvxki zhahzhlfh vxfd kv k vgcd} gv xvhm bz lb}, Kv iblc kvk vdbb}hz fkl dkqh k zhigkjih glmgfk}gbl }dk} k cxl gv pbvg}gblhm sg}dgl

k fhz}kgl zklch ba klcih }b ch} k dg}) }dhzh gv lb zhkvbl }b xvh blhnh}dbm }b }dh htfixvgbl ba b}dhzv,

]dhzh kzh ahs zhkvbl sdw vdbb}glc sg}dbx} xvglc vgcd} nkw jh lhhmhm, Blhzhkvbl gv }dk} k vdbb}hz vbnh}gnhv ngcd} jh pdwvgfkiiw xlkjih }b ch} kcxl pbvg}gblhm }b ch} }dh vgcd} gl iglh ba vgcd} jh}shhl }dhw vdbb}hzv

hwh klm }dh }kzch}, Klb}dhz zhkvbl gv }dk} }dhzh fkl jh vg}xk}gblv sdhzhbzghl}glc k cxl jw ahhi ba jbmw pkz} pbvg}gblglc kiblh gv vxaagfghl} abz

k vdbb}hz }b dg} }dh }kzch} klm }keglc axz}dhz }gnh }b pikfh }dh cxlsdhzh }dh vdbb}hz fkl ch} k qgvxki zhahzhlfh ba sdhzh }dh cxl gv pbgl}glc

dkv nbzh zgve }dkl vdbb}glc sg}dbx} qgvxki zhahzhlfh, Ga }dh }kzch} gvsg}dgl ;n) }dh zklch ba mgzhf}gbl nkw jh sgmh hlbxcd }b bzghl} k cxl gl

dklm sg}dgl }dk} mgzhf}gbl sg}dbx} qgvxki zhahzhlfh,

Cxl vgcd}v nkw jh dkzm }b vhh gl fhz}kgl fblmg}gblv, Dbshqhz) }dk} mbhvlb} nhkl k vdbb}hz vdbxim kjklmbl xvglc k qgvxki zhahzhlfh }b elbs sdhzh

k cxl gv pbgl}hm) g} oxv} nhklv }dh vdbb}hz nkw dkqh }b xvh k ihvv }dklfihkziw qgvgjih vgcd} bz xvh b}dhz pkz} ba }dh cxl }b mh}hznglh sdhzh }dh

cxl gv pbgl}hm, Qgvxki zhahzhlfh }b elbs }dh pbgl} }dh cxl gv pbgl}hm k}mbhv lb} dkqh }b jh k pxzpbvh mhvgclhm vgcd}, Klm) zhckzmihvv ba sdh}dhz

ga }dh vdbb}hz#v hwh gv abfxvhm k} }kzch} mgv}klfh bz k cxl vgcd} bzb}dhz pkz} ba k cxl) k qgvgjih cxl fkl v}gii pzbqgmh qgvxki zhahzhlfh }b

glmgfk}h sdhzh }dh cxl gv pbgl}glc k}, Bphzk}bzv vdbxim }zw }b ch} qgvxkizhahzhlfh ba }dh cxl#v bzghl}k}gbl sdhl vdbb}glc kv nxfd kv pbvvgjih)

xlihvv }dhw kzh gl k vg}xk}gbl sdhzh vxfd k}}hnp} sbxim glfzhkvh bqhzkiizgve fblvgmhzglc }dh zgve ba lb} xvglc k qgvxki zhahzhlfh bz oxv} xlkjih

}b ch} k xvkjih qgvxki zhahzhlfh k} kii,


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]zkglglc }b dg} xvglc vgcd}v gv sdk} sbxim jh kivb xvhm }b jxgim k nhnbzw

ba sdk} skv }dh jbmw pkz} pbvg}gblglc sdhl k dg} skv kfdghqhm }dk} fkl jhxvhm }b kgn sg}dbx} xvh ba qgvxki zhahzhlfh sdhl qgvxki zhahzhlfh gv lb}

kqkgikjih klm vdbb}glc gl }dk} fblmg}gbl jhfbnhv lhfhvvkzw,

]dh *glv}glf}gqh vdbb}glc*)*aglchz pbgl}glc* kzcxnhl}?

Vbnh phbpih sbxim fikgn ht}hlmglc }dh }zgcchz dklm kv ga pbgl}glc k

aglchz k }kzch} czhk}iw glfzhkvhv kgnglc haagfghlfw, Vbnh sbxim hqhlfikgn }dk} }dh nh}dbm }b pgl} k cxl sg}dbx} }dh xvh ba vgcd} vdbxim jh

}dh pzgnkzw nh}dbm ba kgnglc k pgv}bi, ]dhvh kzcxnhl}v dkqh ibcgfki klmakf}xki akxi}v,

Ga }dh cbki gv }b pbgl} k cxl k} k }kzch}) k vdbb}hz vdbxim zhpigfk}h k

v}k}h ba k cxl jhglc pbgl}hm k} k }kzch}) lb} zhpigfk}h kl glmht aglchzba }dh }zgcchz dklm pbgl}hm k} k }kzch}, Sdw }zw }b kfdghqh vbnh}dglc jw

mbglc vbnh}dglc ihvv zhihqkl} bz gzzhihqkl}2

G dkm kl kzcxnhl} sg}d vbnhblh pzkgvglc Cibfe pgv}biv jhfkxvh }dh phzvbljhighqhm Cibfe pgv}biv gl kgnhm pbvg}gbl pbvg}gblhm }dk} phzvbl#v dklm gl

vknh nkllhz kv pbgl}glc k aglchz k} k }kzch}, ]dh fikgn skv hkvgiw pzbqhlakivh) jhfkxvh Cibfe pgv}biv dkqh }dh }bp ba zhkz ba czgp fbl}kf} kzhk

}dk} gv dgcdhz }dkl }dh }bp ba }dh }zgcchz) vb k fbzzhf}iw dhim Cibfe

pgv}bi sbxim dkqh }dh glmht aglchz pbgl}glc mbslskzm gl zhik}gbl }b }dhvgcd} zhahzhlfh iglh, Vb) }dgv phzvbl ahi} kv ga }dh aglchz klm szgv}klcih skv gmhl}gfki }b }dh aglchz klm szgv} klcih sdhl }dh glmht aglchz

skv pbgl}hm k} }dh }kzch} sdhl g} skv pbgl}hm vgclgagfkl}iw mbslskzm,

]dgv htknpih gv lb} kjbx} sdh}dhz ga k Cibfe jzklm pgv}bi gv nbzh bz ihvv*lk}xzki* bz *glv}glf}gqh* }b vdbb} sg}d, ]dh pxzpbvh ba cgqglc }dgv

htknpih gv }b giixv}zk}h }dk} sdk} k phzvbl vxjohf}gqhiw ahhiv *lk}xzki*bz *glv}glf}gqh* gv k qhzw xlzhigkjih glmgfk}bz ba dbs kffxzk}hiw k cxl

gv pbgl}hm k} kl gl}hlmhm pbgl}, Ga }dk} phzvbl kf}xkiiw agzhm }dh Cibfepgv}bi sg}d }dh szgv} klcih }dk} pbgl}v }dh glmht aglchz k} }dh gl}hlmhm

kgn pbgl}) }dh gnpkf} pbgl} sbxim jh lbsdhzh lhkz }dh gl}hlmhm kgn pbgl},

Kivb) hqhzw phbpih pbgl} k aglchz k} kl bjohf} }b glmht g} gl k mgaahzhl}skw, Hqhl k vknh phzvbl mbhv g} mgaahzhl} skw gl k mgaahzhl} vg}xk}gbl,

Kii ba }dk} sbxim dkqh nkmh k cxl pbgl}hm k} k mgaahzhl} mgzhf}gbl ga }dhcxl skv dhim gl }dk} dklm, G} vgnpiw dkv lb zhihqklfh }b bzghl}glc kl

bjohf}) k pgv}bi) }dk} gv lb} k pkz} ba }dh dklm dhim gl }dk} dklm gl kfhz}kgl zklch ba mgzhf}gbl,

]dgv gv }dh zhkvbl sdw shii elbsl *pbgl} vdbb}glc* glv}zxf}bzv nkmhv}xmhl}v ch} k pgv}bi dhim gl dklm }b abzn k v}zkgcd} iglh sg}d }dh

abzhkzn klm }hlvh }dh szgv} }b ibfe }dh obgl} gl }dk} pbvg}gbl, ]dhl }dhwsbxim }hkfd }dh v}xmhl}v }b fblmg}gbl }dhnvhiqhv }b fblvgv}hl}iw

zhpigfk}h }dk} zgcgm v}zkgcd} iglh azbn pgv}bi }b abzhkzn sdhl vdbb}glc,


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]dhw v}zhvvhm }dk} pbgl}, Gnpbz}kl} }dglc }b lb}h gv }dk} }dhw mgm lb}xvh k aglchz pbgl}hm k} k }kzch} }b jxgim }dk} fblmg}gblhm nhnbzghm

abzn) }dhw xvhm k pgv}bi pbgl}hm k} k }kzch} }b jxgim g},

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:,8, Vdbb}glc pik}abzn Gvvxhv,

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Vdbb}glc pik}abzn vwnnh}zw?

K pgv}bi bz zgaih fkl jh pikfhm sg}d g}v dbzgbl}ki azbl} }b jkfe iglhfibvhz }b bz akz}dhz azbn }dh fhl}hz ba vdbb}hz#v jbmw, ]dh nbzh fibvhz

}dk} iglh gv }b }dh fhl}hz) }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn fkl jh nbzh vwnnh}zgfkiklm }dh zhfbgi abzfh }zklvahzzhm }b }dh }bzvb sbxim jh ihvv jgkvhm }bskzm

blh vgmh ba }dh }bzvb, Sg}d k pgv}bi) }dgv sbxim nkeh }dh zhfbgi abzfhibkm jhkzglc bl hkfd kzn nbzh vwnnh}zgfki,

Ga }dh azbl} }b jkfe iglh ba }dh cxl gv akz}dhz azbn }dh fhl}hz ba

vdbb}hz#v jbmw) }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn sgii igehiw kpphkz nbzhkvwnnh}zgfki klm zhfbgi abzfh }zklvahzzhm }b }dh vdbb}hz#v }bzvb sbxim jh

jgkvhm nbzh }bskzm }dh vgmh }dh shkpbl#v jbzh iglh gv baavh} }b,

]dhzh kzh vwnnh}zgfki klm kvwnnh}zgfki }wph ba vdbb}glc pik}abzn) klm }dhvdbb}hz xvglc }dh kvwnnh}zgfki }wph fkl fdbbvh qkzwglc mhczhhv ba

kvwnnh}zw, Hkfd dkv g}v jhlhag}v klm zgvev) klm kl bphzk}bz dkv }bxlmhzv}klm kii ba }dhn,

Vwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm dkv k jhlhag} ba zhfbgi abzfh dkqglc ihvv }bz{xh }b

}xzl }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn, G} kivb dkv ihvv fblaigf} sdhl k vdbb}hz dkvk }hlmhlfw }b nkeh }dh mgzhf}gbl }dh azbl} vgmh ba }dh }bzvb gv akfglc

mgzhf}iw }bskzm k }kzch}, Sdhl k pgv}bi gv xvhm) g} kivb dkv }dh jhlhag}

ba kznv abzn kivb jhglc vwnnh}zgfki sdgfd nkw jh nbzh gl}xg}gqh }b vbnhvdbb}hzv,

Kvwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm dkv k jhlhag} ba kiibsglc nglgnxn knbxl} ba htpbvxzhazbn bjohf}v }dk} pzbqgmh pzb}hf}gbl sdhl vxfd bjohf} gv x}gighm,

Jhfkxvh shkpbl#v azbl} }b jkfe iglh pbvg}gblhm baavh} }b }dh fhl}hz bavdbb}hz#v jbmw) }dh pkz} ba }dh vdbb}hz#v jbmw }dk} gv ihvv baavh} sbxim

lb} dkqh }b jh htpbvhm abz }dh cxl }b dkqh iglh ba vgcd} lb} bjv}zxf}hmjw }dh pzb}hf}gbl bjohf}, Sg}d k zgaih) }dh pik}abzn ba}hl fkllb} jh

vwnnh}zgfki jhfkxvh }dh zgaih#v v}bfe fkllb} jh pikfhm lhkz }dh fhl}hzhmba k vdbb}hz#v }bzvb, Kivb) v}kjgig}w klm ak}gcxh fbl}zbi gvvxh nkw ba}hl

zh{xgzh }dh vxppbz} kzn vgmh vdbximhz }b jh gl azbl} ba }dh b}dhz vgmh)vdbz}hlglc }dh mgv}klfh jh}shhl }dh vxppbz} kzn vgmh vdbximhz klm }dh

vxppbz} dklm czgppglc pbvg}gbl bl }dh zgaih }b vxppbz} }dh azbl} vgmh ba}dh zgaih sg}d ihvv haabz}, Vgngikz gvvxh fkl kivb kzgvh sg}d vxppbz} kzn

vxppbz}glc k pgv}bi dbim,

Ki}dbxcd k vdbb}hz nkw dkqh k pzhahzhlfh abz blh bqhz }dh b}dhz) sdk} gvxvhm vdbxim jh mgf}k}hm jw sdk} gv ahkvgjih klm pzbphz gl k cgqhl

vg}xk}gbl, Blh }wph ba vdbb}glc pik}abzn kl bphzk}bz pzhahzv nkw lb} jhahkvgjih gl k cgqhl vg}xk}gbl,

]dhzh kzh }sb nkobz pgv}bi vdbb}glc pik}abzn }wphv, Blh }wph xvh jb}d

kznv gl k vwnnh}zgfki nkllhz, ]dh kznv kzh ht}hlmhm hqhliw }b k axii bz


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30/68

Dbshqhz) }dh kjbqh sbxim giixv}zk}h }dk} }dh Pzgnkzw Kzn nh}dbm klm nklwb}dhz kvwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm fkl jh vbnhsdk} mhigfk}h }b x}gigh fbnpkzhm }b

nh}dbmv igeh Gvbvfhihv,

]dhzh kzh nklw qkzgk}gblv ba }dh kvwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm) vglfh kinbv}klw}dglc b}dhz }dkl Gvbvfhihv sbxim jh kvwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm, Gl klw fkvh)

v}klmkzm nh}dbm ba abznglc k vdbb}glc pik}abzn sbxim igehiw pzbqgmh }dhnbv} v}kjih klm haagfghl} vdbb}glc fkpkjgig}w, ]dh zhkvbl sdw qkzgbxv

nh}dbmv }dk} glqbiqhv kznv klm cxl pbvg}gblglc mhqgk}glc azbn }dhv}klmkzm abzn ba vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv xvxkiiw }b kmkp} }b k pkz}gfxikz

vg}xk}gbl sdhzh v}klmkzm abzn ba vdbb}glc pbv}xzh fkllb} jh abznhmjhfkxvh ba mgvkjgig}w bz bjv}zxf}gbl) bz }dh vg}xk}gbl zh{xgzhv k

vdbb}glc pik}abzn sg}d pzgbzg}w ba }dh pik}abzn pikfhm bl vbnh}dglc b}dhz}dkl vdbb}glc haahf}gqhlhvv, Kl htknpih ba vxfd vg}xk}gbl gv kl bphzk}bz

vg}}glc gl k fkz sdb gv bjv}zxf}hm azbn abznglc k v}klmkzm abzn bavdbb}glc pik}abzn klm bzghl} }dh sdbih jbmw }bskzm k }kzch},

Gl klw fkvh) }dbvh vdbb}glc pik}abznv sbxim jh abznhm gl k skw }b kfdghqh

nktgnxn vdbb}glc haahf}gqhlhvv sg}dgl }dh igng}v ba dbs }dh abzn }dk} gvmhqgk}hm azbn v}klmkzm abzn sbxim kfdghqh g}#v gl}hlmhm cbki) klm }dh

pzglfgpihv glqbiqhm sg}d }dh nhfdklgvn ba v}klmkzm abzn vdbb}glc pik}abznsbxim jh x}gighm }b }dh ht}hl} }dk} gv pbvvgjih, Sdhl vgcd}v kzh xvhm

abz kgnglc) }dbvh sbxim glqbiqh pbvg}gblglc kznv gl qkzgbxv skwv }b ch}}dh vgcd} ba k cxl gl xvh bl iglh ba vgcd} jh}shhl k vdbb}hz#v hwh klm k

}kzch}, Ki}dbxcd }dh qkzgk}gblv sbxim jh igng}hm sg}d k zgaih sdhl kv}klmkzm nh}dbm ba v}bfe fbl}kf} sg}d vdbximhz klm fdhhe gv xvhm abz

vdbb}glc pik}abzn) }dh v}klmkzm nh}dbm ba v}bfe fbl}kf} gv lb} kiskwv k

zh{xgzhnhl}) klm gl vbnh vg}xk}gblv nkw lb} jh kfdghqkjih, ]dhpbvg}gblglc ba kznv klm cxl sbxim kivb glqbiqh nhklv }b nklkch zhfbgi)xvglc vehih}ki v}zxf}xzh klm nxvfih }hlvgbl kffbzmglc }b pzglfgpihv

mhvfzgjhm klm jkvgf cxllhzw vhf}gbl, Ga x}gigk}gbl ba vehih}ki v}zxf}xzhgv igng}hm) nbzh nxvfih v}zhlc}d sbxim jh xvhm }b ehhp k cxl gl pbvg}gbl,

]dhzh sbxim kivb jh fblvgmhzk}gbl }b pbvg}gbl }dh cxl gl k nkllhz }dk}}dh bphzk}gbl ba }dh cxl sbxim lb} jh bjv}zxf}hm klm hohf}gbl ba }dh

vphlm fkvglc sbxim lb} gloxzh }dh vdbb}hz, Vb) ga kl bphzk}bz dkv }dhxlmhzv}klmglc ba pzglfgpihv ba jkvgf cxllhzw klm v}klmkzm abzn vdbb}glc

pik}abzn nhfdklgfv) }dk} fkl jh nbmgaghm kl nklw skwv }b kmkp} }bmgaahzhl} lhhmv klm pzgbzg}ghv,

Vbnh phbpih fzg}gfghv kvwnnh}zgfki nh}dbm) vkwglc }dk} g} igng}v xpphz

jbmw nb}gbl zklch }b k fhz}kgl vgmh, Dbshqhz) }dhzh gv lb zhkvbl sdw klbphzk}bz vdbxim bliw xvh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn zb}k}gbl }b }zkfe

kgn bz xvh kvwnnh}zgfki bz vwnnh}zgfki vdbb}glc pik}abzn htfixvgqhiw,

]dhzh gv lb zhkvbl }b xvh blh nh}dbm gl htfixvgbl ba b}dhzv, K vdbb}glcpik}abzn }wph ba abzn vdbxim jh nbmgaghm }b ag} k vg}xk}gbl) klm }dhzh gv

lb blh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }wph ba abzn }dk} sgii vxg} hqhzw vg}xk}gbl,]dhzh kzh }gnhv kl vwnnh}zgfki bz kvwnnh}zgfki }wph vdbb}glc pik}abzn

fkllb} jh nkgl}kglhm klm lhhm }b jh nbmgaghm abz qkzgbxv zhkvblv, Ga kvdbb}hz dkv }b zb}k}h }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn) jx} lhhm }b ehhp

}dh ibshz jbmw bzghl}k}gbl mgzhf}gbl) }dh vdbb}hz nkw zhkfd }dh zb}k}gbl


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igng} sg}d }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn, Gl }dk} fkvh) kznv nkw lhhm }b jh nbqhmgl zhik}gbl }b }dh zhv} ba }dh xpphz jbmw gl bzmhz }b }zkfe }dh }kzch}

sg}d }dh cxl gl xvh sdgfd sbxim fdklch }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abznabzn,

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Gvvxh ba pzhfgvgbl kgn v}kjgigk}gbl sg}d zgaih?

Vxppbz} kzn sgii lb} igehiw jh kjih }b dbim k zgaih fbnpih}hiw v}kjih)hvphfgkiiw sdhl }dh vxppbz} kzn gv lb} vxppbz}hm jw fbl}kf} sg}d b}dhz

agthm bjohf}v, K} fibvh mgv}klfhv) }dgv gv lb} k pzbjihn, Dbshqhz) ga }dh}kzch}#v htpbvhm kzhk gv vnkii bz }kzch} mgv}klfh glfzhkvhv) g} fkl jh k

pzbjihn, Ga kl bphzk}bz gl}hlm }b jh haahf}gqh jhwblm oxv} fibvh zklchklm dkqh k fkpkjgig}w }b x}gigh k zgaih }b nbv} ba g}#v pb}hl}gki)

vdbb}glc pik}abzn }dk} kiibsv pzhfgvgbl agzh gv lhhmhm,

Nbzh }dh vxppbz} kzn zhighv bl nxvfih v}zhlc}d }b vxppbz} }dh shgcd} ba}dh zgaih) ak}gcxh sgii glfzhkvh klm kmm glv}kjgig}w, Nbqglc }dh vxppbz}

kzn vdbximhz fibvhz }b }dh vxppbz} dklm pbvg}gbl gl v}klmglc bz elhhiglcvdbb}glc pbv}xzh kiibsv ihvv xvh ba nxvfih pbshz }b vxppbz} }dh azbl}

vgmh shgcd} ba }dh zgaih sg}d vxppbz} dklm) kiibsglc kmmhm v}kjgig}w, K

vdbb}glc pbv}xzh sg}d }dh azbl} vgmh ba vdbb}hz#v }bzvb akfglc gl kmgzhf}gbl bjig{xh }b }dh iglh jh}shhl }dh vdbb}hz klm }dh }kzch})kiibsglc }dh vxppbz} kzn vgmh vdbximhz }b jh gl azbl} ba }dh b}dhz vgmh

vdbximhz sbxim jh lhfhvvkzw abz }dgv,

Vbnh fkx}gbl gl abznglc }dh pbv}xzh xv lhfhvvkzw }b glfzhkvh haagfghlfwsg}d }dgv pbv}xzh, Hqhl }dbxcd }dh vxppbz} kzn vdbximhz gv pbvg}gblhm

fibvhz }b }dh azbl} ba }dh zgaih) zhvxi}glc gl }dh }bzvb akfglc kmgzhf}gbl }dk} gv gl bjig{xh klcih }b }dh jbzh iglh) }dh }zgcchz dklm

vgmh vdbximhz }dh v}bfe ba }dh zgaih gv fbl}kf}glc gv fxzihm vbnh mhczhh}bskzm }dh azbl} ba }dh zgaih, ]dk} sgii zhvxi} gl }dh vdbximhz vxzakfh

}dh v}bfe gv gl fbl}kf} akfglc }dh mgzhf}gbl ba }dh }kzch}) klm kivbdhipv abzn k jh}}hz pbfeh} igeh vdkph gl }dh v}bfe fbl}kf} kzhk }dk} kgmv

gl v}bfe pikfhnhl}, ]dh abzskzm zbii ba }dk} vdbximhz sbxim kivb dkqh kvgngikz haahf} }b blh bz jb}d vgmh vdbximhzv zbiihm abzskzm sdhl g} gv

x}gighm gl pgv}bi vdbb}glc) klm g} sgii dhip }dh vdbb}hz abzn k pbv}xzhsg}d hijbsv pbgl}glc mbslskzmv sdhl gl pbv}xzhv ba v}klmglc bz elhhiglc

pbvg}gbl,

Abz }dk} }bzvb klcih }b dkqh nglgnki xllhfhvvkzw }hlvgbl bl }dh jbmw) }dhskgv} klm abb} pbvg}gblglc kivb dkv }b jh pbvg}gblhm kffbzmglc }b }dh

}bzvb bzghl}k}gbl) }b dkqh nglgnki }sgv} k} }dh skgv} bz ihcv,

]dh vxppbz} kzn vgmh abb} sg}d }dh }bh pbgl}glc }bskzm }dh mgzhf}gbl ba


32/68

}dh }kzch} jhglc abzskzm ba }dh b}dhz abb} fkl dhip sg}d ehhpglc }dhvdbb}glc pik}abzn kv k sdbih bzghl}hm }bskzm }dh }kzch}, ]dh gmhk gv lb}

}b dkqh k ahhi ba vdbb}glc pik}abzn abznhm sg}d k vdbb}hz akfglc gl kmgzhf}gbl bjig{xh }b }dh vdbb}hz }b }kzch} iglh }dhl }xzl k pkz} ba g}#v

vdbximhz gl fbl}kf} sg}d }dh zgaih v}bfe klm vdbb}hz#v dhkm }bskzm }dh}kzch} }b bzghl} }dh zgaih }bskzm }dh }kzch}, ]dh gmhk gv }b dkqh }dh

pbv}xzh abznhm jh fibvh }b blh fzhk}hm jw k phzvbl akfglc }dh }kzch}nbqhm }dh vxppbz} dklm vgmh vdbximhz klm skgv} abzskzm sg}d }dk} vgmh ba

}dh abb} pikfhm abzskzm }bskzm }dh }kzch}) zhvxi}glc gl }dh azbl} vgmh baskgv} klm }bzvb }xzlglc }b k mgzhf}gbl bjig{xh }b }dh vdbb}hz }b }kzch}

iglh sg}d hqhzw}dglc hivh v}gii bzghl}hm }bskzm }dh }kzch}, Klw }hlvgblfzhk}hm bl }dh }zgcchz dklm vgmh ihc jw }dh skgv} klm }bzvb }xzlglc fkl

jh zhigqhm jw }xzlglc }dh }zgcchz dklm vgmh abb} gl k fbzzhvpblmglcmgzhf}gbl klm mhczhh,

Dbshqhz) }dgv fkl jh k pzbjihn) jhfkxvh phbpih gl fhz}kgl fgzfxnv}klfhv

nkw dkqh k }hlmhlfw }b dkqh }dh mgzhf}gbl }dh azbl} ba }dhgz }bzvb gvakfglc fibvh }b k }kzch} }dhw kzh hlckcglc, ]dk} }hlmhlfw nkw jh

jhlhagfgki gl fibvh zklch sdhl akv} dbzgbl}ki mgzhf}gblki }zkqhzvh ba kvdbb}glc pik}abzn gv lhfhvvkzw) jx} fkl jh mh}zgnhl}ki sdhl pzhfgvgbl gv

zh{xgzhm, Vb) bphzk}bzv lhhm }b jh kskzh ba }dgv klm kmoxv} kffbzmglciw,]dhzh gv lb blh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }dk} vbiqhv kii pzbjihnv abz kii

vg}xk}gblv) ki}dbxcd vbnh nkw kmqbfk}hv xvglc blh pik}abzn jhfkxvh bafblvgv}hlfw bz pikfh }bb nxfd hnpdkvgv bl ahs }wphv ba vdbb}glc vg}xk}gbl

}dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn }dhw kmqbfk}h gv vxg}hm abz,

.........................................................................

.........................................................................Glmhphlmhlfh ba xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn azbn ibshz jbmw pbvg}gblglc?

]dhzh kzh fhz}kgl skw }b pbvg}gbl }dh ibshz jbmw gl zhik}gbl }b xpphz

jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn gl bzmhz }b kfdghqh nktgnxn vdbb}glchaahf}gqhlhvv, Sdhl vdbb}glc k} k v}k}gf }kzch} sg}d }dh sdbih jbmw

vdbb}glc pik}abzn bzghl}hm }bskzm }dh }kzch}) }dh zhik}gblvdgp jh}shhl}dh }sb vdbxim jh gl k skw }dk} g} cgqhv lhfhvvkzw mhczhh ba v}kjgig}w

klm mhvgzhm ihqhi ba zhkmglhvv }b nklhxqhz, Sg}d k nbqglc }kzch}) kvdbb}hz sbxim kivb kgn }b kfdghqh }dh vknh k} }dh pbgl} sdhl kgn }zkfeglc

v}kz}v) sg}d }dh sdbih jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn bzghl}hm }bskzm }dh vgcd}kgn pbgl} k} }dk} pbgl}) jx} sg}d }dh kmmg}gblki zh{xgzhnhl} }dk} }dh

xpphz jbmw sbxim dkqh k cbbm zklch ba zb}k}gbl nb}gbl zklch sdgih }dhxpphz jbmw zb}k}hv }b }zkfe kgn, Dbshqhz) }dk} gv kvvxnglc }dh agzglc fkl

jh mblh sdgih }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn gv sg}dgl }dh nb}gbl zklchsdhzh zb}k}gbl fkl jh mblh sg}dbx} mgv}bz}gbl ba }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc

pik}abzn, Gl k v}klmglc pbv}xzh) }dgv sbxim chlhzkiiw fbnh gl k abzn bajbmw gl qkzwglc mhczhh ba fzbxfdglc pbvg}gbl sg}d ahh} kppzbtgnk}hiw

vdbximhz sgm}d kpkz}) vxppbz} kzn vgmh abb} pikfhm abzskzm gl zhik}gbl }b


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}dh fhl}hz ba jbmw klm }zgcchz dklm vgmh abb} pikfhm }b }dh zhkz glzhik}gbl }b }dh fhl}hz ba jbmw, Gl elhhiglc pbvg}gblv) vxppbz} kzn vgmh

abb} sbxim kivb xvxkiiw jh pikfhm abzskzm gl zhik}gbl }b }dh b}dhz abb},

Dbshqhz) vxfd ibshz jbmw pbv}xzh vdbxim jh k pzhahzhlfh }dk} gv k}}hnp}hmsdhl }dhzh gv kl bppbz}xlg}w) lb} k zxih, Xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn

vdbxim dkqh vbnh mhczhh ba glmhphlmhlfh azbn ibshz jbmw pbv}xzh jhfkxvh)g} gv lb} pbvvgjih }b kiskwv nkgl}kgl k ibshz jbmw pbv}xzh }dk} sbxim

cgqh jhv} phzabznklfh sg}d k v}k}gf }kzch} bz k }kzch} }dk} bliw nbqhvsg}dgl fhz}kgl zklch ba mgzhf}gbl }dk} fkl jh dklmihm sg}d lb ibshz jbmw

nbqhnhl}, Sdhl xpphz jbmw gv vxppbz}hm jw ibshz jbmw) nbv} ba}hl glv}klmglc pbv}xzhv klm vbnh}gnhv gl elhhiglc bz b}dhz pbv}xzhv) ihcv nkw

lhhm }b jh nbqhm gl bzmhz }b nkeh g} pbvvgjih abz }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glcpik}abzn }b }zkfe k }kzch}, Ga klcxikz vphhm ba }dh }kzch} gv }bb akv}

}dk} kl bphzk}bz gl k cxllhzw pzbfhvv htphf}v bliw zb}k}glc xpphz jbmwvdbb}glc pik}abzn sbxim zhvxi} gl }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn

zhkfdglc lhkz g}v zb}k}gbl zklch igng} jhabzh }dh bphzk}bz fkl agzh) }dhbphzk}bz lhhmv }b nbqh }dh ihcv }b zb}k}h }dh sdbih jbmw kiblc sg}d }dh

xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn, Vknh kppighv sdhl kl bphzk}bz sdb dkvkizhkmw v}kz}hm k cxllhzw pzbfhvv) bliw xvglc xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc

pik}abzn zb}k}gbl }b }zkfe kgn) htphf}v }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abznsbxim zhkfd lhkz g}v nb}gbl igng} jhabzh agzglc bffxzv,

Vxfd glmhphlmhlfh gv kivb jhlhagfgki hqhl sdhl bliw xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc

pik}abzn zb}k}gbl gv xvhm }b phzabzn kgn }zkfeglc bl k nbqglc }kzch}, G}gv jhlhagfgki gl klw hqhl} sdhl }dhzh gv k lhhm abz }dh xpphz jbmw

vdbb}glc pik}abzn bzghl}k}gbl lhhmv }b jh mgaahzhl} azbn }dh mgzhf}gbl

ibshz jbmw bzghl}k}gbl,.........................................................................

.........................................................................

Jbmw kznbz b}dhz h{xgpnhl}v kaahf}glc vdbb}glc?

H{xgpnhl}v sbzl bl phzvbl nkw kaahf} abznglc kl haahf}gqh vdbb}glcpik}abzn sdgfd bphzk}bzv lhhm }b kmoxv} }b, Jbmw kznbzv kzh ba}hl lb}

nkmh sg}d nxfd fblvgmhzk}gbl abz zgaih v}bfe#v vdbximhz fbl}kf}, G} ba}hlzhmxfhv }dh glskzm fxzqh ba zgaih v}bfe vdbximhz fbl}kf} kzhk, Ibkm

jhkzglc qhv} bz b}dhz sbzl h{xgpnhl}v }dk} fbqhz }dh zgaih v}bfe fbl}kf}kzhk kivb dkqh }dk} pzbjihn, Sg}d zhmxfhm fxzqh bl }dh v}bfe fbl}kf} kzhk

klm zhmxfhm fbl}kf} ahhi ba k zgaih v}bfe) g} gv dkzmhz ch} k ahhm jkfekjbx} sdh}dhz ga }dh v}bfe gv fbl}kf}glc k cbbm vpb} abz k cbbm vdbb}glc

pik} abzn, Kivb) vdkph klm bzghl}k}gbl ba }dh vxzakfh ba }dbvh h{xgpnhl}}dk} fbqhzv }dh vdbximhz fbl}kf} kzhk fkl nkeh g} hkvw abz }dh zgaih

v}bfe }dk} gv pzhvvhm gl}b }dh kzhk }b vigp,

Jhfkxvh ba }dk}) }dh vdbb}hz nkw dkqh }b vhihf} }dh zgaih v}bfe fbl}kf}kzhk kffbzmglc }b }dh vdkph ba }dh vxzakfh }dh h{xgpnhl} gv abznglc bqhz

}dh vdbximhz) zk}dhz }dkl }dh vdbximhz fbl}bxz, ]dh vbnhsdk} aik} vxzakfh


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ba jbmw kznbz vxzakfh }dk} fbqhzv }dh zgaih v}bfe fbl}kf} kzhk fkl nkehg} hkvw abz }dh zgaih v}bfe }b vigp kskw azbn }dh fhl}hz ba }dh vdbb}hz#v

jbmw jhfkxvh zgaih agzglc pbv}xzh ba}hl dkqh }dh vdbb}hz#v }bzvb akfglc kmgzhf}gbl bjig{xh }b vdbb}hz }b }kzch} iglh klm chlhzki dbzgbl}ki fzbvv

vhf}gbl vdkph ba }dh azbl} vgmh ba jbmw kznbz gv kl bx}skzm fxzqh,

]dhzh kzh ahs vbix}gblv }b }dgv pzbjihn, Blh gv }b vgnpiw xvh k jbmwkznbz }dk} fblabznv jh}}hz }b }dh vdbb}hz#v jbmw }b zhmxfh }dh fdklch gl

vdbximhz fbl}bxz kzbxlm }dh zgaih v}bfe fbl}kf} kzhk, Klb}dhz vbix}gbl gvxvh jbmw kznbz }dk} dkv k vxg}kjih v}bfe fbl}kf} kzhk mhvgclhm gl}b g},

Gl klw fkvh) vdbb}hzv sbxim dkqh }b kmoxv} }dh vdbb}glc pik}abzn, Jx})jxiew jbmw kznbzv sg}d lb v}bfe fbl}kf} gvvxh gl mhvgcl fblvgmhzk}gbl

sbxim zh{xgzh nbzh kmoxv}nhl}v, Gl }dk} fkvh) }dh zgaih v}bfe sbxim jhba}hl kmoxv}hm }b fbl}kf} nbzh fibvhz }b }dh dbzgbl}ki fhl}hz ba }dh

vdbb}hz#v jbmw sdhzh }dh kznbz }hlm }b jh nbzh aik}}hz, ]dgv nkw kivbzh{xgzh }dh mgzhf}gbl }dh }bzvb gv akfglc }b jh kmoxv}hm }b jh ihvv

bjig{xh gl zhik}gbl }b vdbb}hz }b }kzch} iglh, ]dk} sbxim nkeh }dhvdbximhz fbl}kf} kzhk vxzakfh ba }dh kznbz nhh} }dh zgaih gl nbzh

phzphlmgfxikz klcih) zhmxfglc pzbjkjgig}w ba vigp,

]dgfelhvv ba jbmw kznbzv bz b}dhz h{xgpnhl}v }dk} fbqhzv }dh v}bfefbl}kf} kzhk pbvg}gblv }dh zgaih nbzh kskw azbn sdk} }dh pbvg}gbl sbxim

jh sg}dbx} }dh kznbz, Kmoxv}kjih ihlc}d v}bfe fkl jh xvhm }b fklfhi }dk}haahf},

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:,8,;, Xvh ba ki}hzlk}h vdbb}glc pbv}xzh,

Zh}hl}gbl bzghl}hm vdbb}glc pbv}xzhv?

]dhvh kzh xvhm sdhl v}klmkzm vdbb}glc pbv}xzhv chkzhm }bskzm nktgnxncxllhzw haagfghlfw sbxim nkeh }dh vdbb}hz qxilhzkjih }b bppblhl}v fbxl}hz

jw mgzhf} pdwvgfki fbl}kf} vxfd kv czkjjglc bz v}zgeglc }dh vdbb}hz bz}dh vdbb}hz#v cxl, ]dgv xvxkiiw dkpphlv gl fibvh pzbtgng}w,

]dh pzglfgpihv glqbiqhm gl dbs }b cxkzm k cxl kckglv} mgzhf} pdwvgfki

fbl}kf} sg}d kl bppblhl} gl bphzk}gbl zhkmw pbv}xzhv gv xvhm, $///// Nbzhmh}kgiv gl Qbixnh :, Hthfx}gbl,' Jkvgf pzglfgpihv glqbiqhv }dh abiibsglc?

.Ehhpglc }dh cxl fibvh }b }dh }bzvb vb }dk} }dh pbv}xzh mbhv lb}

glqbiqh kznv bz }dh cxl pzb}zxmglc }bb nxfd gl k skw }dk} g} nkehvhkvghz abz kl bppblhl} }b nklgpxik}h

.]dh cxl dhim gl k nkllhz }dk} }dh kzn sbxim dkqh nbzh ihqhzkch bl

}dh cxl }dkl kl bppblhl} sdb ngcd} czkj }dh cxl, Xvxkiiw fibvh }b}dh }bzvb,

.]dh cxl dhim gl k pbvg}gbl }dk} nkehv dkzmhz abz kl bppblhl} }b

nkeh pdwvgfki fbl}kf}) jibfehm jw kzn bz b}dhz pkz} ba }dh jbmw,

Sg}d k pgv}bi) }dh cxl fkl jh dhim fibvh }b }dh }bzvb jhibs hwh ihqhi,]dh kzn dbimglc }dh cxl fkl ht}hlm }bskzm }dh }kzch} }b qkzwglc mhczhh

mhphlmglc bl dbs fibvh }dh bppblhl} gv,


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Sg}d k zgaih) }dh fhl}hz ba }dh zgaih gv jzbxcd} fibvhz }b }dh azbl}

fhl}hz ba }dh }bzvb, ]dh vxppbz} dklm nkw lhhm }b nbqh }b pkz} ba }dhczgppglc kzhk fibvhz }bskzm }dh nxih hlm vb }dk} kl bppblhl} sdb nkehv

pdwvgfki fbl}kf} sg}d }dh azbl} hlm }b ckgl nbzh ihqhzkch }b nbqh }dhazbl} hlm ba }dh zgaih, ]dh zhkz hlm ba }dh zgaih fkl jh }xfehm gl

jh}shhl }dh }zgcchz dklm kzn klm }dh }bzvb abz nbzh vhfxzg}w, Sdhl }dhzgaih lhhmv }b jh abzfhm }b zb}k}h) pbvvgjiw kckglv} k abzfh ba kl

bppblhl} kvvhz}glc abzfh bl }dh zgaih) kl bphzk}bz fkl x}gigh }dh sdbihxpphz jbmw klm skgv} pbshz nbzh haahf}gqhiw }b fbl}zbi }dh mgzhf}gbl ba

}dh zgaih, Kivb) }dh vxppbz} dklm nbqhm fibvhz }b }dh azbl} hlm fkl jhxvhm nbzh haahf}gqhiw }b abzfh }dh nxih }b pbgl} bl pkz} ba kl

bppblhl}#v jbmw kckglv} zhvgv}klfh ga lhhm jh,


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Sdhl }dh cxl gv lb} vhhl jhfkxvh g} gv bx} vgmh ba }dh aghim ba qghs)

}dh vdbb}hz bliw dkv }dh vhlvh ba kzn pbvg}gbl kv kl kgnglc zhahzhlfh, K}qhzw fibvh pzbtgng}w }dk} nkw jh vxaagfghl}, Jx}) kffxzkfw ba vxfd vhlvh

fkl mhczkmh xlmhz v}zhvv, Sdhl }dh cxl fkl jh jzbxcd} gl}b phzgpdhzkiqghs) }dh bx}iglh ba }dh cxl fkl cgqh kl glmgfk}gbl ba sdhzh }dh cxl

nxih gv pbgl}hm) klm }dk} fkl jh hlbxcd abz fibvh pzbtgng}w vdbb}glc,]dh }bp ba k pgv}bi klm abzhkzn ba }dh }zgcchz dklm kzn kigclhm

v}zkgcd}) azbl} }b jkfe iglh ba }dh }bp ba }dh vigmh ba k pgv}bi vhhlazbn kjbqh) zgaih#v azbl} }b jkfe iglh vhhl azbn kjbqh) fkl kii jh xvhm

kv k kgnglc zhahzhlfh sdhl lbznki xvh ba vgcd} gv lb} ahkvgjih,


38/68


39/68

Hnhzchlfw"dkv}w vsg}fdglc ba zgaih v}bfe fbl}kf} vgmh?


40/68

]dhzh kzh vg}xk}gblv sdhzh vsg}fd ba vgmh ba vdbximhz k zgaih v}bfefbl}kf}v lhhm }b jh vsg}fdhm) jx} }dhzh gv lb }gnh abz k fbnpih}h pbv}xzh

kmoxv}nhl}, ]dh vphhm gl vsg}fd nkw jh zh{xgzhm jhfkxvh }dhzh gv klhnhzchlfw bz }dh vsg}fd gv bliw }hnpbzkzw klm lhhm qhzw akv} }zklvg}gbl

}b klm azbn }dh }hnpbzkzw vsg}fdhm pbvg}gbl) vxfd kv sdhl }hnpbzkzgiwvsg}fd gl vgmh gv bliw lhhmhm mxzglc k nbnhl}kzw htpbvxzh }hfdlg{xh gl

fkvhv sdhzh nbnhl}kzw htpbvxzh phzgbm skzzkl}v k xvh ba mgaahzhl} vgmh bavdbximhz,

Gl vxfd fkvhv) k zgaih fkl jh vsg}fdhm gl pbvg}gbl }b fbl}kf} klb}dhz

vgmh ba }dh vdbximhz jw vgnpiw vdga}glc g}v pbvg}gbl }b }dh b}dhz vgmhsdgih nkgl}kglglc dklm pbvg}gbl, ]dhzh#v bliw k vgmh nbqhnhl} ba }dh

zgaih sg}d lb vsg}fd ba }zgcchz dklm klm vxppbz} dklm,


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42/68

:,1, Vdbb}glc klm nklhxqhzglc

Glfzhkvglc v}kjgig}w sdgih skieglc?

Ga vdbb}hz gv hthfx}glc k cxllhzw pzbfhvv sdgih nbqglc) ihcv nbqhm gl k

fhz}kgl nkllhz sbxim glfzhkvh v}kjgig}w ba }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glcpik}abzn, ]dh lbznki xp klm mbsl bvfgiik}glc pk}}hzl ba }dh xpphz jbmw

sdhl k phzvbl lbznkiiw skiev lhhmv }b jh nglgnghm, ]dh v}hpv }kehl nkwlhhm }b jh vdbz}hz,

Kivb) sdhl k axiiw ht}hlmhm ihc gv nbqhm azbl} }b jkfe) }dh abb} k} }dhhlm sbxim dkqh kl kzf pk}d, Jhfkxvh ba }dk}) skieglc sg}d }dh ihc }dk} gv

vxppbz}glc shgcd} axiiw ht}hlmhm kv g} nbqhv xlmhz }bzvb sbxim zhvxi} glxp klm mbsl bvfgiik}glc pk}d ba }dh xpphz jbmw kv k phzvbl skiev, Vb)

glv}hkm ba skieglc bl axiiw ht}hlmhm ihcv) k vdbb}hz sbxim dkqh }b jhlm}dh elhh kv }dh ihc vxppbz}glc shgcd} nbqhv fibvhz }b mgzhf}iw xlmhz }dh

vdbb}hz#v }bzvb vb }dk} }dh vdbb}hz#v xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn sbximlb} zgvh,


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Vxfd nh}dbm fkl jh x}gighm nbv}iw gl zhckzmv }b abzskzm bz zhkzskzmnbqhnhl} ba }dh ibshz jbmw, Dbshqhz) vglfh g} gv pbvvgjih }b bzghl} }dh

xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn gl k mgzhf}gbl glmhphlmhl} ba }dh mgzhf}gblba }dh iglh k ibshz jbmw gv bzghl}hm bl }b nbqh abzskzm bz jkfeskzm) }dk}

nkehv g} pbvvgjih abz kl bphzk}bz }b nklhxqhz gl k mgzhf}gbl mgaahzhl}mgzhf}gbl azbn }dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn bzghl}k}gbl mgzhf}gbl,

]dh mgaahzhlfh gl }dh mgzhf}gbl gv igng}hm jw zb}k}gbl nb}gbl zklch ba}dh xpphz jbmw vdbb}glc pik}abzn gl zhik}gbl }b }dh ibshz jbmw nklhxqhz

bzghl}k}gbl mgzhf}gbl,

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Pzkf}gfki nklhxqh

combat operations with firearms volume 1 chaper 2 combat gunnery release 2012 01 01

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