Combating Corruption: Impact of Social Institution

Submitted to :Dr. Syeda Lasna Kabir , Professor Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

What is Corruption? How many Types of Corruption?• Simply Use of entrusted power for private gain• According to TA , corruption three types • Political Corruption• Petty Corruption• Grand CorruptionIn World Bank Global Issue Seminar Series titled The Cancer of Corruption (2005) additional 3 types of corruption included• Administrative Corruption• Corporate Corruption• Systematic Corruption

Types of Corruption Defined • 1. Petty corruption: Petty corruption is usually

committed by rank and files while meeting ordinary citizen. The amount of petty corruption is not big much considering to grand corruption. Common example of petty corruption are gift, use of personal connection for favor

• 2. Grand corruption: Usually committed by high officials and the amount of money is large. It takes place in decision making level and high level of office

• 3. Political corruption: Political corruption is manipulation of policy for private gain, power

Types of Corruption Defined • 4. Corporate corruption: Corruption occurs between

private corporations and their suppliers or clients. It also occurs within corporation for private gain, at the expense of shareholders.

• 5. Administrative corruption: Administrative corruption is the use of bribery or favoritism by lowering taxes or contracting out low level procurement or helping to evade rules and regulations.

• 6. Systematic corruption: Systematic corruption refers to the prevalence of corruption in every state of a society.

Forms of Corruption •Bribery•Abuse of power • Embezzlement •Extortion •Fraud

Social Institution•A social institution consists of a group of

people who have come together for a common purpose or goals, and it sets expectation of people in a given society and determines the role of people determining position In society.

•Anthony Giddens says Institutions by definition are the more enduring features of social life. He goes on to list as institutional orders, modes of discourse, political institutions, economic institutions and legal institutions

Common Examples of Social Institution•Family •Religion•Government•Health Care •Welfare Organization•Economic Institutions

Government•Democratic Government has a positive

impact on corruption , on the other hand , autocratic government raises corruption

How ?•Democracy ensures accountably to

government of MPs, political executives , media .

Absence of Democracy may leads to corruption

Government Stance on policyand others•Ambiguous policy- Depending on Discretion•Restriction on Trade – India Bangladesh cattle

business as a result of trade restriction of government (By Indian Government because of religious sensitivity of Hinduism)

•Accountability •Transparency•Taxation Policy-Recently seized luxurious car

worth car worth 10 crore as lodged tax of the car, Panama Papaers

Health Care •Inequality government versus private

hospital•Lack of proper monitoring •Public hospital often fails to treat patient ,

occurrence of death of patient as a result of negligence , lack of instrument , modern equipment , fund , forcing patient to go to private hospital

•Expensive private hospital require more money than one earns , thus indirectly forcing one to corrupt

Education• Expensive• Question leakage • Academic Dishonesty tolerated • Politics get upper hand• Recruitment process , training , quality questioned • Coaching Business result of teacher greed for money

– class room ineffective, teachers lack knowledge to relevant subject , greed for money , class room used for recruiting students for private tutoring

These are some of the contributing factors that raise corruption.

What reduce Corruption in Education?

•Proper schooling•Academic honesty •Giving fair pay to teachers

Economic InstitutionInternational Trade:Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailers, is currently being probed for bribery in a number of countries, after the company disclosed potential violations in Mexico.

•Low Wages •Unhealthy Competition for wealth •Rise in expenditure but not in wage

Impact of Family •What I want is for my family, no care for

any other•Many family member put extra burden on

income •Aspiration for luxurious life style• Teaching from family

Impact of Religion

•When religion grows , also creates hierarchical organization– may raise corruption

•Religious teaching can prevent corruption if incorporated in everyday life

•Again venerable religious leaders may be corruption because everybody believes in them, does not think anything supspicious

Impact of Religion•Pretension of religionSome shrines draws large amount of many from common people , but they are committing corruption in the name of religion.•Hard to take step against if found corrupt

as religious sensitivity works

What really needed to be done to combat corruption?•Identifying causes and finding solution •Above mentioned impact of social

institution may help in finding solutions

Thank you- This is all in brief from on behalf group G