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PRESENTATION TITLE GOES HERECombining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term
Retention of Big Data
Roger Cummings, AntesignanusCo-Author: Simona Rabinovici-Cohen, IBM Research – Haifa
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SNIA Legal Notice
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 3
Abstract
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data
Generating and collecting very large data sets is becoming a necessity in many domains that also need to keep that data for long periods. Examples include astronomy, atmospheric science, genomics, medical records, photographic archives, video archives, and large-scale e-commerce. While this presents significant opportunities, a key challenge is providing economically scalable storage systems to efficiently store and preserve the data, as well as to enable search, access, and analytics on that data in the far future.Both cloud and tape technologies are viable alternatives for storage of big data and SNIA supports their standardization. The SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) provides a standardized interface to create, retrieve, update, and delete objects in a cloud. The SNIA Linear Tape File System (LTFS) takes advantage of a new generation of tape hardware to provide efficient access to tape using standard, familiar system tools and interfaces. In addition, the SNIA Self-contained Information Retention Format (SIRF) defines a storage container for long term retention that will enable future applications to interpret stored data regardless of the application that originally produced it.This tutorial will present advantages and challenges in long term retention of big data, as well as initial work on how to combine SIRF with LTFS and SIRF with CDMI to address some of those challenges. SIRF with CDMI will also be examined in the European Union integrated research project ENSURE – Enabling kNowledge, Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic value.
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Outline
IntroductionSNIA technologies
– Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)– Linear Tape File System (LTFS)– Self-contained Information Retention Format (SIRF)
Combining SNIA technologies– SIRF Serialization for CDMI– SIRF Serialization for LTFS
EU Enabling kNowledge, Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic Value (ENSURE)Summary
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Big Data…..
Really is BIG…..2.5 quintillion (1018) bytes of new data created per day in 2012 (source IBM)
And the move to the “Internet of Things” is only going to increase this volume
19.8 Billion connected devices by 2020 (source McKinsey)Only 4.2 billion smartphones and tablets, 3.4 billion PCs
Data analytics is improving all the timeTherefore historical information has significant value
Apply new techniques and algorithms to gain new insightsNeed to ensure ALL necessary information is captured to extract full value
Therefore Big Data has similarities to (long term) preservation
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
The Need for Digital Preservation of Big Data
Regulatory compliance and legal issuesSarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA, FRCP, intellectual property litigation
Emerging web services and applicationsEmail, photo sharing, web site archives, social networks, blogs
Many other fixed-content repositoriesScientific data, intelligence, libraries, movies, music
Domains that have Big Data require preservation
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M&E
Film Masters, Out takes. Related artifacts (e.g.,
games). 100 Years or more
X-rays are often stored for periods of 75
years Records of minors are
needed until 20 to 43 years of age
Healthcare
Scientific and Cultural
Satellite data is kept for ever
We would like to keep digital art
for ever
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SNIA Survey from 2007
What does Long-Term Mean? Retention of 20 years or more
is required by 70% of responses.
1.9%
12.3%
15.7%
13.1%
18.3% 38.8%
0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0%
>3-6 Years
>7-10 Years
>11-20 Years
>21-50 Years
>50-100 Years
>100 Years
Top External Factors Driving Long-Term Retention Requirements:
Legal Risk, Compliance Regulations,Business Risk, Security Risk
Legal Risk
Legal Risk
Compliance Requirements
Compliance Requirements
Business Risk
Business Risk Security Risk
Security Risk
Other
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Percent of Respondents
Concern with ligitationprotection
Meeting regulatoryrequirements
Meeting regulatoryrequirements
Protection from compliance orlegal fines
Retaining history forcompetitiveness or protection
Protection of business orintellectual assets
Protection of customer privacy
Preservation of business history
Legal Risk
Legal Risk
Compliance Requirements
Compliance Requirements
Business Risk
Business Risk Security Risk
Security Risk
Other
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Percent of Respondents
Concern with ligitationprotection
Meeting regulatoryrequirements
Meeting regulatoryrequirements
Protection from compliance orlegal fines
Retaining history forcompetitiveness or protection
Protection of business orintellectual assets
Protection of customer privacy
Preservation of business history
Source: SNIA-100 Year Archive Requirements Survey, January 2007.
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Goals of Digital Preservation
Digital assets stored now should remainAccessibleUndamagedUsable
For as long as desired – beyond the lifetime ofAny particular storage systemAny particular storage technology
And at an affordable cost
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Real Life Example Problem
To: [email protected]: [email protected]
Subject: Something or other
2003
To: [email protected]: [email protected]
Subject: Something else
2007
To: [email protected]: [email protected]
Subject: Something or other
To: [email protected]: [email protected]
Subject: Something else
Same people?? Could you PROVE it 20 years on?
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Outline
IntroductionSNIA technologies
– Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)– Linear Tape File System (LTFS)– Self-contained Information Retention Format (SIRF)
Combining SNIA technologies– SIRF Serialization for CDMI– SIRF Serialization for LTFS
EU Enabling kNowledge, Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic Value (ENSURE)Summary
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)
• Being developed by SNIA CDMI TWG
• The CDMI standard defines an interoperable format for moving data and associated metadata between cloud providers
• CDMI data objects can be accessed by standard browsers and internet tools (subject to owner’s access control lists)CDMI data objects may “order” data services from the cloud
Secure Erasure, Encryption, Replication, Retention, Backup/Restore, Tiering, Hashing, Preservation, etc. (extensible)Done through Data System Metadata (key/value) on the Containers or Objects
Has several implementations including OpenStack
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Model for the CDMI Interface
Resources accessed through RESTful interface:
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Linear Tape File System (LTFS)
A file system implemented on dual-partition linear tape:
Index Partition and Data Partition Index Partition is “small” (2 wraps, 37.5 GB out of 1.5 TB on LTO5) Data Partition is remainder of the tape
File System module that implements a set of standard file system interfaces Implemented using FUSE On Linux and Mac OS X Windows implementation uses FUSE-like framework
Includes an on-tape structure used to track tape contents XML Index Schema
Format becoming the standard for linear tape Formal standardization through SNIA LTFS TWG
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Logical View of LTFS Volume
BOT
EOT
Index Partition
Data Partition
Guard WrapsLTFS XML Index
File File File
File File
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Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Big Data Storage Options for Hadoop
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Protecting Data in the "Big Data" World
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF: Self-contained Information Retention Format
An Analogy
Standard physical archival box Archivists gather together a group of related
items and place them in a physical box container The box is labeled with information about its
content e.g., name and reference number, date, contents description, destroy date
SIRF is the digital equivalent Logical container for a set of (digital)
preservation objects and a catalog The SIRF catalog contains metadata related to
the entire contents of the container as well as to the individual objects
SIRF standardizes the information in the catalog
Photo courtesy Oregon State ArchivesBeing developed by SNIA Long Term Retention (LTR) TWG
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF Properties
SIRF is a logical data format of a storage container appropriate for long term storage of digital information A storage container may comprise a logical or physical storage
area considered as a unit. Examples: a file system, a tape, a block device, a stream
device, an object store, a data bucket in a cloud storage
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Required Properties Self-describing – can be interpreted by different
systems Self-contained – all data needed for the
interpretation is in the container Extensible – so it can meet future needs
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF Components
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A SIRF container includes: A magic object: identifies
SIRF container and its version
Multiple preservation objects that are immutable
A catalog that is Updatable Contains metadata to make
container and preservation objects portable into the future without external functions
* Work-in-progress and less mature than CDMI and LTFS
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Outline
IntroductionSNIA technologies
– Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)– Linear Tape File System (LTFS)– Self-contained Information Retention Format (SIRF)
Combining SNIA technologies– SIRF Serialization for CDMI– SIRF Serialization for LTFS
EU Enabling kNowledge, Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic Value (ENSURE)Summary
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Goals of SIRF Serialization for CDMI/LTFS
SIRF serialization for CDMI/LTFS specify how can a CDMI container or LTFS Tape become also SIRF-compliantA SIRF-compliant CDMI container or LTFS Tape enables future CDMI/LTFS client “understand”containers created by today’s CDMI/LTFS client
The properties of the future client is unknown to us today“understand” means identify the preservation objects in the container, the packaging format of each object, its fixities values, etc. (as defined in the SIRF catalog)
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF Serialization for CDMI: Interface
CDMI API can be used to access the various preservation objects and the catalog object in a SIRF-compliant CDMI containerExample
Assume we have a cloud container named "PatientContainer" that is SIRF-compliant
each encounter is a preservation objecteach image is a preservation objectthe container has a catalog object
We can read the various preservation objects and the catalog object via CDMI REST API as follows:
GET <root URI>/<PatientContainer>/encounterJan2001 GET <root URI>/<PatientContainer>/chestImageGET <root URI>/ PatientContainer>/sirfCatalog
PatientContainer
PatientContainerPO
PO
PO
cat
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
PatientContainerSIRF magic object:specification=1111SIRF level = 1Catalog object=sirfCatalog
sirfCatalog{"encounterJan2001":["IDs": [{ ...},]"Fixity": [{ ...},]]"chestImage":["IDs": [{ ...},]"Fixity": [{ ...},]]}
Simple POSimple
POSimple POEncounter
Jan2001
Simple PO
Composite PO
cestImagemanifest
cestImagedicom1
cestImagedicom1
SIRF Serialization for CDMI
cestImagemanifest
cestImagedicom1
cestImagedicom1
cestImagemanifest
cestImagedicom1
cestImagedicom1
chestImagemanifest
chestImagedicom1
chestImagedicom1
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF Serialization for CDMI: General
A CDMI Container can be qualified also as a SIRF Container when:The SIRF magic object is mapped to the CDMI container metadata and includes, for example, specification ID and version, SIRF level, SIRF catalog object ID.
The SIRF catalog is an object in the CDMI container formatted in JSON
A SIRF preservation object (PO) that is a simple object (contains one element) is mapped to a CDMI data object
The simple object can be a tar/zipA SIRF PO that is a composite object (contains several elements) is mapped to:
a set of data objects (one for each element) and a manifest data object that its content includes the IDs and fixities of the element data objects
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF Serialization for LTFS: General
The SIRF catalog resides in the index partition LTFS application has rules to indicate what to store in the index partition. This is used to indicate to store the SIRF catalog in the index partition.
A SIRF preservation object (PO) that is a simple object (contains one element) is mapped to a LTFS fileA SIRF PO that is a composite object (contains several elements) is mapped to:
a set of LTFS files (one for each element) and a manifest file that its content includes the IDs and fixities of the element data objects
….LTFSindex
SIRF catalog …
File Mark
IPLabel
Construct
….Preservation
Object …DP
LabelConstruct ….
PreservationObject
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
SIRF and LTFS: Label Construct
VOL1 Label includes for example volume identifier (6 bytes), implementation identifier (13 bytes), owner identifier (14 bytes).LTFS Label includes for example creator, volume UUID, blocksize, compression, partitions ids.The SIRF Label is the “magic object” and includes for example specification ID and version, SIRF level.
VOL1Label
LTFSLabel
SIRFLabel
fixed-size80 bytes
XML XML
…
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Outline
IntroductionSNIA technologies
– Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)– Linear Tape File System (LTFS)– Self-contained Information Retention Format (SIRF)
Combining SNIA technologies– SIRF Serialization for CDMI– SIRF Serialization for LTFS
EU Enabling kNowledge, Sustainability, Usability and Recovery for Economic Value (ENSURE)Summary
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
ENSURE is FP7 EU Project in the area of preservation Three year Integrated Project (IP) started Feb. 1, 2011 Consortium of 13 partners (industry and academic)
ENSURE has a business/industry-oriented focus Drivers for preservation are both regulatory and business value
Demonstrated with three use case: Health Care, Clinical Trials and Finance
Contributions to standards is a goal of the project
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
PDS Cloud and SIRF in ENSURE
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•Preservation DataStores (PDS) in the Cloud provides preservation-aware storage services for ENSURE based on OAIS•The SIRF Handler component will implement “SIRF Serialization for CDMI”
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
Need to retain not only information of interest but ALL other information to make it fully usable in future
Put it all in the SIRF “digital box”, preserve that as a unit
No single technology will be usable over the timespans mandated by current digital preservation needs
SNIA CDMI and LTFS technologies are among best current choices
Are good for perhaps 5-10 years
SIRF provides a vehicle for collecting all of the information that will be needed to transition to new technologies in the future
SIRF can be serialized for the future technologies as they come
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Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Other Tutorials and Labs and Labs
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Data Protection, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery - New Technologies
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Deploying Public, Private, and Hybrid Cloud Storage
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Massively Scalable File Storage
Check out SNIA Tutorial:
Object Storage Systems: The Underpinning of Cloud and Big Data Initiatives
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
Attribution & Feedback
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Please send any questions or comments regarding this SNIA Tutorial to [email protected]
The SNIA Education Committee thanks the following individuals for their contributions to this Tutorial.
Authorship History
Authors (Spring 2013)
Mary BakerSimona Rabinovici-Cohen Roger CummingsSam Fineberg
(incorporating materials from earlier tutorials dating back to 2008, and with particular thanks to the 100 Year Archive Task Force (2007))
Additional Contributors
Mark Carlson (& the Cloud TWG)David PeaseJoseph WhiteAlan Yoder
Combining SNIA Cloud, Tape and Container Format Technologies for the Long Term Retention of Big Data © 2013 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
For further information
SIRF use cases and requirements document is released for public review
http://www.snia.org/tech_activities/publicreview
More information on SIRF (& other SNIA LTR activities) is available at
http://www.snia.org/ltr
More information on ENSURE is available @:www.ensure-fp7.eu
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