Come and go with me

LETS TAKE A LOOK INTO BIOLOGY

I. What is Biology?A. Biology- the study of life.

B. Organism- anything that possesses all the characteristics of life.

II. CHARACTERISTICS of LIVING THINGS

A. Have an orderly structure (Organization)B. Produce offspring (Reproduction)C. Grow and develop

1. Growth- results in an increase in the amount of living material and formationof new structure

2. Development- All the changes that take place during the life of an organism

D. Adjust to changes in the environment.1. Environment- An organism’s surroundings including air, weather, temperature, and any other organisms in the area.

III. RESPONSE to the ENVIRONMENT

A. Stimulus- any condition (external or internal) in the environment that requires an organism to react.

B. Response- a reaction to stimulus.

C. Homeostasis- regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for it’s survival “steady state”.

1. Living things reproduce themselves, grow and develop, respond to external stimuli and maintain homeostasis by using “ENERGY”

D. Energy- the ability to cause change. Organisms get their energy from

food.

IV. LIVING THINGS ADAPT and EVOLVE

A.Adaptation- any structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment.1. Inherited from previous

generations.

2. Individuals with more suitable adaptations are more likely to survive.

B. Evolution- the gradual change in a species through adaptations over

time.

Homework: Define the Following Vocabulary Words

Adaptation Biology Development Energy Environment Growth Homeostasis Organism Organization Reproduction Response Asexual reproduction Species Sexual reproduction Stimulus

V.

A. Species- group of organisms that can interbreed and produce

fertile offspring in nature..B. Theory- explanation of a natural

phenomenon. “Explains nature”C. Law- describes nature.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD1. Define the Problem2. Collect Information3. Form a Hypothesis

1. Explanation or tentative answer to a question

4. Experiment1. Investigation that

test a hypothesis5. Collect Data from

experiment6. Draw Conclusion7. Publish Information

*** PAGE 17 METHODS

VI.A. Some

experiments involve 2 groups

1. Control Groupa. Control- standard… all

conditions stay the same (shows what happens if there is not change to the independent Variable).

2. Experimental Groupa. Test Group. One single

condition is tested.1. Independent Variable-

(manipulated variable) Changed condition.

2. Dependent Variable- 2 (responding variable) Changes the result from the independent variable.

PAGE 13

VII.

A. Science was developed because humans have always been curious about the natural world. Leading to the beginning of cause and effect.B. Science is defined as a process that

produces a body of knowledge about nature. The application of scientific research to society’s needs is called technology.

C. The use and application of science is a step by step process called the

scientific method.

VIII. SCIENCE

A. LIMITS TO SCIENCE1. Some things are

untestable because of the lack of technology

2. Science cannot determine what is socially or

morally correct.

B. KINDS OF RESEARCH1. Quantitative research- this research is analyzed by comparing numerical data. It may be used to make tables or graphs, which allows for large amounts of information to be easily understandable.

2. Qualitative research- expresses quality and observational data,

which is written descriptions of what scientists observe.

IX. ETHICSA.Ethics- refers to the moral

principles and values held by humans.1.Science may not

consider all possible ethics. Therefore, society as a whole must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries.

B.Technology- the application of scientific research to meet society’s needs and problems.

Homework: Define the Following Vocabulary Words

Control Data Experiment Dependent Variable Theory Independent Variable Ethics Scientific Method Technology Louis Pasteur Franciso Redi Biogenesis Biotic Biotechnology Abiotic Cell Tissue Organs Organ System Spontaneous

Generation Diversity

SI- allows for scientist around the world to have a common basis for understanding data

METER (m) LENGTH RULER

KILOGRAM (Kg)

MASS BALANCE

LITER (l) VOLUME GRADUATED CYLINDER

SECOND (s) TIME STOP WATCH

CELSIUS (c) TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER

1. William Harvey: (1628) showed how blood circulates through the body in blood vessels.

2. Gregor Mendel: father of heredity, worked with pea plants

3. Edwin Chargaff: (1947) discovered that for every adenine there is a thymine, and for every guanine there is a cytosine-base content of (DNA pairs)

4. Alexander Fleming: (1928) discovery of the first antibiotic; penicillin

5. Robert Hooke: discovered and named the cell while observing cork

6. Rachel Carson: warned of the danger of increased pesticides and the damage it was doing to nature; wrote “Silent Spring”

7. Jane Goodall: studied chimpanzees

1. Charles Drew: did research in the collection and storage of blood plasma.

2. Charles Darwin: developed the theory of evolution based on natural selection.

3. James Watson/Francis Crick: (1953) determined the structure of DNA to be a double helix.

4. George Washington Carver: (botanist) developed several industrial uses for the peanut.

5. Carolus Linnaeus: father of classification developed two-word system for naming organisms (binomial nomenclature).

6. Edward Jenner: (1796) developed a vaccine for smallpox.

7. Anton von Leeuwenhoek: 1st microscope.

BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY1. Biology: study of life2. Botany: study of plants3. Zoology: study of animals4. Mycology: study of fungi5. Genetics: study of how

characteristics are passed from parent to offspring.

6. Anatomy: study of an organism’s structure

7. Bacteriology: study of bacteria8. Ecology: study of the

interaction of organisms with their environment

9. Cytology: study of cells10. Embryology: study of early

developmental stages of organisms

11. Herpetology: study of reptiles

1. Histology: study of tissues2. Ichthyology: study of fish3. Morphology: study of the gross

anatomy of organisms4. Ornithology: study of birds5. Parasitology: study of

parasites6. Pathology: study of diseases7. Physiology: study of internal

function of organisms8. Taxonomy: classification of

living things9. Virology: study of viruses10. Entomology: study of insects11. Eugenics: study of heredity in

humans

LANGUAGE of SCIENCE PREFIXESA or an Not or nonMeso MiddleEndo Inside, innerAero Needing oxygen

or airAnti AgainstAuto SelfBio Related to lifeChloro GreenCyto CellArth Joint, jointedDi DoubleMono Singular or oneGeo Pertaining to earth

Epi AboveExo Outer, externalGastro StomachHemo BloodHetero DifferentHomo SameMicro SmallMacro LargeMulti Consisting of many cellsPhoto Pertaining to lightPre BeforeLipo Pertaining to fatPoly Many

LANGUAGE of SCIENCES SUFFIXES

-cyst Pouch-derm Skin, layer-saccharide Sugar-itis Inflammation-logy Study of

-meter Measurement-osis Condition-phase Stage-pod Foot-stasis Stationary condition-lysis To break-syntheses To build or make-phage Eater

*** Pasteur’s Experiment

Redi and PasteurPage 380-381

(Abiogenesis) Spontaneous Generation- the idea that nonliving material can produce life.

Biogenesis- the idea that living organisms come from other living organisms

PASTEUR’S GOOSE NECK OR “S” SHAPED FLASK

WRITE EACH STATEMENT AND COMPLETE THE BLANK

1. An organisms surroundings is the ______ 2. Increase in the amount of material is called

_______ 3. Enables an organism to respond to stimuli

and survive is ______ 4. Regulation of an organism internal

environment is _________ 5. Production of offspring is known as ______ 6. A group or organisms that can interbreed

and produce fertile offspring _______ 7. Orderly structure is referred to as _______ 8. ________ is a gradual accumulation of

adaptations 9. A reaction to a stimulus is a _________ 10. A living thing is a ________

WRITE EACH STATEMENT AND COMPLETE THE BLANK

1. An organisms surroundings is the ______ 2. Increase in the amount of material is called

_______ 3. Enables an organism to respond to stimuli

and survive is ______ 4. Regulation of an organism internal

environment is _________ 5. Production of offspring is known as ______ 6. A group or organisms that can interbreed

and produce fertile offspring _______ 7. Orderly structure is referred to as _______ 8. ________ is a gradual accumulation of

adaptations 9. A reaction to a stimulus is a _________ 10. A living thing is a ________

WRITE AND ANSWER EACH ONE

1. What are some important reasons for studying

biology?

2. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a

response and give an example of each. How do these

terms relate to an organism’s internal environment?

3. Why is energy required for living thing things? How

do living things obtain energy?

4. How are evolution and reproduction related?

USING THE DIAGRAM ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Page 13 Experimenting

1. Who was Redi? 2. Who was Pasteur? 3. Define spontaneous generation. 4. Define biogenesis. 5. What was the independent variable in Redi’s

experiments? 6. Which scientist (Redi/Pasteur) studied vital

forces in air? 7. What was the independent variable in Pasteur’s

experiment?