comicecomice bosc d’anjou forelle starkrimson bartlett european pears
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou
ForelleStarkrimson Bartlett
European PearsEuropean Pears
![Page 2: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
European Pears are Harvested Unripe, but Mature
Firmness (lbs.-force) Soluble Solids (%)Bartlett 19-20 < 10
20-21 1020.5-21.5 11
21-22 12D’Anjou 10-15Comice 9-13Bosc 11-16
![Page 3: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Harvest by handinto large soft-sidedpicking bags.
Empty into field bins.
Harvest by handinto large soft-sidedpicking bags.
Empty into field bins.
![Page 4: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dumping fruit from field bin to packingline
• Combination wet/drydump
• Dry dump
Dumping fruit from field bin to packingline
• Combination wet/drydump
• Dry dump
![Page 5: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Immersion dump from field bin to packingline
• bin pulled under water and fruit float out• need floatation salts• gentle
Immersion dump from field bin to packingline
• bin pulled under water and fruit float out• need floatation salts• gentle
![Page 6: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sorting Pears into Two GradesCenter Lane for Canning and Juice
Sorting Pears into Two GradesCenter Lane for Canning and Juice
![Page 7: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Weight Sizer and Place Pack OperationWeight Sizer and Place Pack Operation
![Page 8: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Place Pack OperationEach fruit wrapped in tissue and
placed in box in a pattern
Place Pack OperationEach fruit wrapped in tissue and
placed in box in a pattern
![Page 9: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Volume Fill Volume Fill
![Page 10: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tray-Pack BoxCan Also Display in Box
Tray-Pack BoxCan Also Display in Box
![Page 12: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Consumer Bags
![Page 14: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Clamshell Container for Pears
![Page 16: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Packaging that Senses Pear Ripeness
![Page 17: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hammock Pack
![Page 18: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Factors Affecting Pear QualityFactors Affecting Pear Quality
• Harvest maturity• Delays before cold storage• Speed of cooling• Storage temperature• Relative humidity in storage• Length of storage• Storage atmosphere - O2, CO2, ethylene
• Harvest maturity• Delays before cold storage• Speed of cooling• Storage temperature• Relative humidity in storage• Length of storage• Storage atmosphere - O2, CO2, ethylene
![Page 19: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cold Storage at 1°C (33 °F)
DAYS DELAY
0 1 2
3 4 5
Effect of Delays in Cold Storageon Pear Quality
Effect of Delays in Cold Storageon Pear Quality
![Page 20: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lake County 8/2310 weeks Storage
-1 -0.5 0.5 1 2°C
Effect of Storage Temperature on Pear Quality
Effect of Storage Temperature on Pear Quality
![Page 21: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Harvested 8/2/2001Stored 3 months
Harvested 8/2/2001Stored 3 months2°C (36 F) -1°C (30 F)
0 ppm 0 ppm
1 ppm
Effects of Temperature and Ethylene on Bartlett Pears
Effects of Temperature and Ethylene on Bartlett Pears
1 ppm
![Page 22: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Storage ScaldStorage Scald
Methods of Control• Ethoxyquin• CA Storage
Methods of Control• Ethoxyquin• CA Storage
![Page 23: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Botrytis Rot
![Page 24: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Benefits of CA StorageBenefits of CA Storage
• Delays fruit ripening and senescence¨ softening¨ yellowing¨ scald development
• Extends storage life
• Delays fruit ripening and senescence¨ softening¨ yellowing¨ scald development
• Extends storage life
![Page 25: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Benefits of Controlled Atmosphere Storage
Benefits of Controlled Atmosphere Storage
6 months in Air 6 months in 2% O2
![Page 26: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ripening Pears are Preferred 3 to 1 over Un-Ripe Pears
![Page 27: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bartlett PearsHarvested and Immediately Ripened
8d air 20°C (68°F)
1d C2H4
7d air 20°C (68°F)
![Page 28: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Firm
ness
(lb
s)
0
4
8
12
16
20
Firm
ness
(N
)
0
20
40
60
80
days vs at harv days vs S harv+100ppm
Col 16 vs Col 17
Days @ 68°F (20°C)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Eth
ylen
e pr
oduc
tion
(µl•
kg-1
h-1)
0
20
40
Air
100 ppm ethylene 24 hr
![Page 29: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Why do Pears Need Conditioning?
Why do Pears Need Conditioning?
• Pears have insufficient capacity to produce ethylene at harvest– lack of precursor, ACC
• ACC accumulates during cold storage• Ethylene treatment stimulates
production of ACC and ethylene
• Pears have insufficient capacity to produce ethylene at harvest– lack of precursor, ACC
• ACC accumulates during cold storage• Ethylene treatment stimulates
production of ACC and ethylene
![Page 30: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ethylene Production during RipeningEthylene Production during Ripening
• More uniform softening• Enhanced production of flavor and
aroma volatiles• Improved texture of fruit
– buttery, not gritty– juicy
• More uniform softening• Enhanced production of flavor and
aroma volatiles• Improved texture of fruit
– buttery, not gritty– juicy
![Page 31: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conditioning Pears for Ripening
Comice Bartlett Bosc Anjou
Cold Storage @ 30-32°F 4 2-3 2 8 wks
Cold Storage @ 40-50°F 2-3 1 1 3-6wks
100ppm Ethylene @ 68°F 3 1-2 1 3 days
100ppm Ethylene @ 45-50º ? 2-3 ? ? days
Cold storage requirements may be longer when fruit are stored in CA
![Page 32: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
APPLES
![Page 34: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Goal
Maximize• Storage life• Blush• Sensory quality
– Crispness– Flavor– Sweetness
• Size
Minimize• Softening and mealiness• Disorders
– Bitter pit– Scald– Internal browning– Checking
![Page 35: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Indicators of Harvest Maturity
• # Days from full bloom• Time/temp (heat units) from anthesis• Days from harvest to onset of ethylene
production• Ground color• Soluble solids content• Flesh firmness and SSC• Starch disappearance pattern• Internal ethylene concentration• Changes in firmness or starch content
![Page 36: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Starch Content is a Common Indicator of Harvest Maturity
![Page 37: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hand Harvest into Small Padded Picking BagsHighly Susceptible to Bruising
![Page 38: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Carefully transferto field bin!!
Avoid bruising!
![Page 39: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Apple Bruising Incidence during Harvest and Postharvest Handling
Bruises/Fruit
% Bruised Fruit
Picking/dumping 2.6 18.8
Hauling 2.2 15.9
Packing Line 5.5 61.6
Transportation 0.5 3.7
Total 13.8 100
![Page 40: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Drenching bins ofapples prior tostorage
• Diphenylamine -antioxidant to control scald• Fungicide• Calcium to control bitter pit
![Page 42: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Immersion of bins
Apples naturally float
• Very gentle!!
![Page 43: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Optical Sorting for Color, Size and DefectsOptical Sorting for Color, Size and Defects
![Page 45: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Washing of Apples with Brushes and DetergentWashing of Apples with Brushes and Detergent
![Page 46: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Wax ApplicationWax Application
![Page 47: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hand Sorting Remains NecessaryEven with Electronic Sorting
Hand Sorting Remains NecessaryEven with Electronic Sorting
![Page 48: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Tray Packing after Sizing
![Page 49: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Controlled Atmosphere StorageControlled Atmosphere Storage
• Store 1.5 to 12+ months• 0.7 to 3% oxygen• 0.5 to 4% carbon dioxide• Maintains firmness, ground color and
acidity by reducing respiration and the effects of ethylene
• Reduces storage scald and bitter pit• May induce disorders such as internal
browning
• Store 1.5 to 12+ months• 0.7 to 3% oxygen• 0.5 to 4% carbon dioxide• Maintains firmness, ground color and
acidity by reducing respiration and the effects of ethylene
• Reduces storage scald and bitter pit• May induce disorders such as internal
browning
![Page 53: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Internal Browning
0.4% CO2
2% O2
1.5% CO2
2% O2
3% CO2
2% O2
Air
Fuji ApplesHarvest 10/17/92
4 months @ 0.5ºC
![Page 54: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Penicillium expansum on Apple• Wound pathogen• Controlled by Low-Temperature Storage
![Page 55: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Botrytis Rot on Apple
Side, stem or blossom infectionsGrowth is reduced at 0°C (32°F)
![Page 56: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Storage Scald on Granny Smith Apples• Oxidative damage to upper cell layers• Cultivars vary in susceptibility• Hot and dry climates increase susceptibility• Diphenylamine used for control• SmartFresh (1-MCP) also reduces scald
![Page 57: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
• Low calcium/high N2
• High vigor trees• Young trees
• Large fruit• Develops on the tree or during first 4 - 6 weeksof storage
![Page 58: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
An accumulation of sorbitol in the intercellular spaces
![Page 59: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Mealiness
• Soft texture causing a dry feeling in the mouth during chewing– Low adhesion between cells– Retain strong cell walls
• Cells pull apart instead of breaking when you bite – no juicy sensation
• Cultivars vary in their susceptibility• Develops after extended cold storage
![Page 60: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Use of SmartFresh on Apples1-methylcyclopropane
Use of SmartFresh on Apples1-methylcyclopropane
• Applied at harvest in storage room• Prevents/reduces the action of ethylene
on the apples• Use alone or together with CA• Maintains firmness and titratable acidity• No effect on starch conversion to sugars• Reduces storage scald and mealiness
• Applied at harvest in storage room• Prevents/reduces the action of ethylene
on the apples• Use alone or together with CA• Maintains firmness and titratable acidity• No effect on starch conversion to sugars• Reduces storage scald and mealiness
![Page 61: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Initial Fruit Quality
Determines the Ripened Quality!!
![Page 62: ComiceComice Bosc d’Anjou Forelle Starkrimson Bartlett European Pears](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051621/56649ea75503460f94ba96d1/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Questions?