Commerce 2BA3 Organizational Behaviour Weeks 3&4 Dr. Teal McAteer 2BA3 Winter 2010 ____________________________________ DeGroote School of Business McMaster University Motivation Definition #1: 1. why people choose to do certain things rather than other things 2. why people put variable amounts of effort and intensity into their activities Motivation cont Definition #2: 1. What is it that gets behaviour started? 2. What is it that determines the magnitude or intensity of behaviour? 3. What is it that causes behaviour to stop? Motivation cont. Definition #3: 1. Effort 2. Persistence 3. Direction or effort 4. Goals Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation: Extrinsic Motivation: The Relationship between Motivation and Performance Group Discussion Question: Is it possible to be highly motivated yet not perform well? Be sure to include what variables could affect this relationship. Content Theories of Motivation Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Alderfers ERG Model McClellands Needs Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Implications of Content Theories for Managerial Practice What do the content theories suggest managers should do? Information-Processing Approaches/ Cognitive Approaches to Motivation Expectancy Theory Equity Theory Goal Setting Theory Expectancy Theory Implications of Expectancy Theory for Managerial Practice What does expectancy theory suggest managers should do? Equity Theory Ratio of Exchange Theoretical Anchor Outcomes of Perceived Inequity Implications of Equity Theory for Managerial Practice What does equity theory suggest that managers should do? Goal-Setting Theory Goal Difficulty/Challenge Goal Specificity Goal Acceptance/Commitment Goal Feedback Goal-Setting Theory What should managers do to put goal- setting theory to use in their organizations? What is MBO? Contextual/Process Theories of Motivation 1a)Reinforcement Theory Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Punishment Extinction 1b) Establishing an OB-Mod Program 1.Define target behaviour 2. Measure frequency of behaviour 3. Set reasonable performance goals 4. Monitor behaviour 5. Administer rewards Contextual Theories cont Contextual Theories cont.. 2. Money as a motivator Pay for Performance Merit Pay Plans Pay to motivate teamwork Contextual Theories cont 3.Job Design as a motivator Job Enlargement versus Job Enrichment Job Characteristics Model Contextual Theories cont 4. Alternative Motivation Methods Alternative work schedules Alternative (non-monetary) incentives