Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives

An IFA Workshop15 November 2004

Frank Fickeisen

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The Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives Chart

• A global view of safety initiatives is provided by a very large chart

• Despite the large size of the chart used in this workshop it does NOT give coverage to a number of significant initiatives

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The Chart

• The Chart has about 10,000 words

• It is quite difficult to read from distances greater than 4 ft.

12 ft

3 ft

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The Chart

The Chart is a matrix with 20 columns and 7 + 1 = 8 rows

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The Chart• There is one column for each of 20 Significant Safety Programs/Initiatives

8 rows

FO

QA

-AR

C

CO

SP

CA

ST

CP

S

GA

IN

JSS

I

EA

PA

S

AT

SR

AC

FS

F

AS

AP

-AR

C

OE

P

RT

CA

ICA

O

Av

SP

AR

AC

AR

INC

an

d

AE

EC

SA

E

H.F

.

FA

A-J

AA

Har

mo

niz

atio

n

IAT

A

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The 8 Rows

20 Columns

1. Program Title

2. Upper Mgmt/Oversight

3. Team Structure

4. Objectives/Charter

5. Required Information

6. Work Progression and Details

7. Work Resultsa.To Dateb.Planned

8. The Purpose of the Chart

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Row 8 Indicates One Main Purpose of the Chart

•The title of row 8 is:

Inter-Program Coordination Possibilities for Program:

- Integration

- Coordination

- Information Sharing

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A Second Main Purpose of the Chart

• Information provided, and interrelationships identified, can be used by individual Commercial Aviation Organizations to make decisions on expenditure of valuable safety resources:

• Talent

• Time

• Financial

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The Chart

• Reduced to 8-1/2 x 11 format

• Difficult to read

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The Chart – Some Background Information

• The Chart was started Sept. 2002

• To date the Chart has required considerable manpower:

• Development manhours 205 hrs as of 3-10-03

• Graphics (IT) manhours 67 hrs as of 3-10-03

• In addition to the above, the CAST-JIMDAT Committee has made significant contributions, ___ manhours.

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Comments and Suggestions Resulting from Review of the Chart

• The comments and suggestions that follow are those of the Chart preparer.

• It is expected that several individuals who study or use the chart will need to modify, or expand, or even replace, the comments and suggestions provided here.

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Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives

• There are a large number of safety programs/initiatives.

• Safety managers of certification authorities and industry should benefit from the existence of a device to see the broad picture of all reasonably significant programs/initiatives.

• The Chart is one way, but not the only way, to provide such a broad picture.

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Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives (continued)

• The Chart could be replaced or supplemented by a regularly updated document listing all reasonably active safety initiatives. Each listed initiative would be described in one or two pages. These pages would cover: Initiative title, initiative management/ oversight, structure of initiative team(s), objectives/charter of work progression and details, work results (to date and planned)

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Comment 1 – Overview of Safety Programs/Initiatives (continued)

• An advantage of a document approach would be that it could cover many initiatives not identified by the chart:

• Non U.S. Initiatives

• Pilot association initiatives

• Maintenance organization initiatives

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Comment 2 – Management of the Full Spectrums of Safety Programs/Initiatives

• Safety managers of certification authorities and industry could use the Chart as one management device.

• Management activities relative to program charters/objectives could include:

• Direction to, or suggestion that selected new programs be formulated and initiated.

• Direction to, or suggestion that, some existing programs be consolidated

• Direction to, or suggestion that, better communication paths be established between certain programs or elements of programs

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Comment 2 – Management of the Full Spectrums of Safety Programs/Initiatives

(continued)

• Management activities relative to resources required/available could include:

• Review of the resource needs of each of the programs from individual organizations providing significant programs contributions

• Review of the total resource needs of all of the programs from individual organizations providing significant contributions.

• Comparison of total resource needs to total resources currently available.

• Ultimately, management activities could include:

• Direction to, or suggestions that, certain existing programs be restructured.

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Comment 3 – Prioritization of Management Actions that may be Suggested by the Chart

• When review of the Chart or an equivalent document suggests several possible management actions a prioritization of the possible actions may be necessary.

• A CAST type process may be used to provide appropriate priority suggestions.

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Comment 4 – A Recognition of the Complexity of Management Actions that may be

Suggested by the Chart

Review of Chart:

• Add programs

• Consolidate programs

• Improve communication paths

• Total resources and individual resources available compared to needs

• Eliminate programs

Cost considerations

Managementdecisions

Organizationalconsiderations

Cost and organizational considerations cannot

be addressed here

Actions

Prioritiza-tion of

possible actions

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Comment 5 – Human Factors Issues

• Most of the 20 Safety programs/initiatives consider human factors elements (some direct, some indirect but significant). It is suggested that these human factors elements remain on the chart.

• In addition it may be desirable to construct an overview (separate chart or an equivalent document) just for human factors items.

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Comment 6 – Air Traffic Management (ATM) Issues

• A few of the 20 safety programs/initiatives considered by the Chart address ATM issues.

• There are a number of ATM safety programs/initiatives not included. Should these be added to the chart? Please see the Operations Evolution Program (OEP) column.

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Comment 7 – Non U.S. Safety Programs/Initiatives

• The Chart addresses these via the JSSI column, the FAA-JAA Harmonization column and the FAA-JAA portion of the Human Factors column.

• Expansion to include other non-U.S. initiatives should be considered.

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Further Development of the Chart

• Reviews of the Chart may lead to suggested revisions (details or general approach).

• To the extent possible, and considering resources available, such suggestions will be accommodated.

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A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities A Certification Methods and Tools Example

SAE• ARP 4754 Certification Considerations

for Highly Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems

• ARP 4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting Safety Assessment Processes on Systems and Equipment

• AIR 5109 Applications of Probabilistic Methods

• AIR 5022Reliability and Safety Process Integration

• AIR4086 Perceptions and Limitations Inhibiting the Application of Probabilistic Methods

Certification Methods and Tools

3-4-03 SPC-003

AEEC

NASA AVSP• Integrated Critical and Non-Critical

System Architecture (NASA AVSP Future Programs)

• Fault-Tolerant Modular Electronics (NASA AVSP Future Programs)

• Fast Time Simulation of System-Wide Risks (NASA AVSP Future Programs)

Harmonization• System Design and

Analysis (25.1309)(FAA-JAA Harmonization Program)

ARAC

• System Design and Analysis and Tech Update (See 25.1309 and 25.1301)

CPS• Develop an AC to Require More

Conservative Approaches When Short Failure Paths Exist (2 or 3 failures) and Economic Alternatives are Available (CPS Response Team)

• Define Methods to Define Critical Safety Features and Necessary Assumptions (CPS Response Team IA)

GAIN

• Foster the Use of Existing Analytical Methods and Tools and Develop New Methods and Tools.

• ARINC 429 Data Bus Standards• ARINC 629 Data Bus Standards • System Architecture and

Interfaces

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A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities

A Maintenance Example

CPS

AEECI.D. Define “safety related communications & define process for ensuring that appropriate communications take place between OEMs and operators on safety recommendations related to maintenance

(Future Concepts for Maintenance Subcommittee)

• Electronic distribution of software

• Field loadable software• Levels of avionic

maintenance• Tooling and testing

equivalency

Replacement and modified brakes and wheels

SAE

Maintenance

3-6-03 SPC-006

CAST

ALAR Maintenance: Subcontractor guidance, MEL policy and DOS Survey (18, 19, 20)

17.ALAR Maintenance: (landing struts)

25.ALAR Design Critical Maintenance

EAPAS

3. Enhance Airplane Maintenance to better address aging airplane systems

ATSRAC

• Define attributes of training programs (repair and inspection)

• Enhanced training programs for wiring system

ICAO

Human Factors Digest #12. Human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection

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A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities

An Icing Example

SAEARAC

Aircraft Icing Directory, ARD 50066

Design and Operation of Aircraft Deicing Facilities, ARP 4902

Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing methods and fluids ARP 4737

Minimum Operational Performance Spec for In-flight Ice Detection Systems

Flight Characteristics in Icing Conditions (25.1419)

Appendix C to Part 25, Ice Protection – Several Tasks

Flight in Icing Conditions – (a principal harmonization activity)

FAA-JAA Harmonization

Icing, Ice Detection, Deicing, Flight in Icing Conditions

3-5-03 SPC-002

Minimum Operational Performance Spec for Ground Ice Detection Systems AS 5116

Characterization of Aircraft Icing Conditions AIR 5396

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A Possible Use of the Chart to Locate Program Coordination Opportunities

A Human Factors Example

12 International Safety

Organizations

ICAO

Human Factors Items:• Flight Crew Training• Maintenance Training

• Cabin Attendant Training

• Design and Analysis

3-4-03 SPC-004

FAA

NASA

FAA Human Factors Team (Report of 9/25/02)

DOD

• RTCA• CAST• CPS• FSF• EAPAS

• ARAC• FAA-JAA• SAE• ATSRAC• AEEC

Please see the “Human Factors Example” chart for details

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Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview

• Either one-time or on-going can be useful to safety managers

• An on-going approach requires some resources and an assigned organization

• On-going allows inspection of newly proposed safety initiatives

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Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview (cont’d)

• Recent Examples

A. NTSB/SAE Symposium on CVRs and FDRs (June 03)

• This symposium will address

1. State of the art in accident recorder technology

2. Accident recorder survivability/crashworthiness requirements

3. Video/imaging recorder technology

4. Data privacy issues

5. Acquiring data during regular commercial operations

6. Proactive use of data in commercial operations to prevent accidents and improve efficiency

• Please note several items on The Chart related to (4) and (6) above

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Should the Chart Be a One-Time or On-Going Safety Initiative Overview (cont’d)

• Recent Examples (continued)

B. On-going programs to assess flight crew fatigue

• The UKCAA/Qineti Q program, and

• The Civil Aviation Authority of Australia/Qantas/AIPA program (3 years starting in 2003)

C. On-going programs to assess safety contributions and costs (initial and continuing) of fuel tank inerting systems.

• Should FAA/NTSB/US Industry participate in the UK or Australia work?

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Conclusion

1. The purpose of this workshop has been to encourage all participants in Commercial Aviation Safety Initiatives to develop a very broad view of ALL initiatives.

2. A broad view of ALL initiatives should allow organizations to make best use of their valuable technical resources