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Commercial Herbs of Significance:

A Guide for Clinicians

otan ca ame Common Namesotent a cacy

and Level of Evidence (1)Potential Adverse Effects

otent a erapeut cInteractions

Allium sativum (2) Garlic, ajo, poor mans treacle,stinking rose

Arteriosclerosis*; Bacterial infection;Hyperlipidemia*** +/-; Hypertension +/-;Viral infection

Dyspepsia, nausea; Bleeding; Burns Anti-thrombotic agents

Aloe spp. (20) Aloe, Barbados aloe, cape aloe Burns; Constipation; Dermatitis; Diabetes**;oun ea ng

Allergic reaction; Intestinal obstruction;ectro yte ep et on

None noted

Angelica sinensis (22) Dong quai, Chinese angelica Climacteric symptoms; Dysmenorrhea;

remenstrua syn rome

Photosensitization Anti-thrombotic agents

Camellia sinensis (17) Green tea, black tea, chai,nese tea,

t verde, tetohuxtl

Alertness***; Cancer prevention**; Dentalar es ; epress o n ; a etes; at gue ;

Hypercholesterol

Allergic reaction; Anxiety; Gastritis;nsomn a; ac ycar a

Aspirin, acetaminophen; Anti-anx ety agents; e at ves;Vasoconstrictors

aps cum spp. epper, c e pepper, cayenne,tobasco, paprika, red pepper

rt r t s; erpes zoster nges ; uscestrain; Neuralgia*; Pain; Post-herpeticneuralgia

erg c react ons; urnng, tc ng;Gastrointestinal discomfort; Sweating,flushing, lacrimation, rhinorrhea

one note

Cimicifuga racemosa(9)

Black cohosh, baneberry, blacksnake root, bugbane, bugwort,ratt e root, ratt ewoo , squawroot

Climacteric symptoms***; Dysmenorrhea;Premenstrual syndrome

Abortion (large doses); Dyspepsia,nausea;ox c ty arge oses

Anti-hypertensive agents

Citrus aurantiumot ste

Bitter orange, sour orange, bitterorange pee, ev e orange,Qiao, Zhi Shi

Anorexia; Fatigue, mental or physical; Obesity;en a n ect ons; se e ep e ra n many

herbal products.

Anorexia; Anxiety; Dizziness;ypertenson; rrta ty; nsomn a;

Palpitations; Tachycardia

Amphetamines; Anti-hypertenagents; a e ne; a etc ageMAO Inhibitors; Theophylline,Yohimbine

Crataegus monogyna

(23)

Hawthorn, English hawthorn,

haw, hawthorn tops, may,may us , may aw, onesee ,w tet orn er

Anti-arrhythmic; Congestive heart failure*** Agitation; Circulatory disturbances;

Dizziness; Dyspepsia, nausea;ea ac e; nsomn a; a p tat ons

Cardiovascular agents; Corona

vasodilators; Digoxin; CNSepressants

c nacea spp. c nacea, ansas sna eroot.purp e cone ower, sna eroot

ancer a uvant; mmuno-st muaton ;n ect ons + -; pper respratoryinfection*** +/-; Wound healing

erg c react on; yspeps a, nausea;um ness o mout an tongue

tero s; mmuno-suppress vagen s

Ephedra spp.(Not listed)

Ephedra, Brigham tea, herbalecstacy,joint fir, ma-huang, Mormon tea

Allergies; Asthma**; Bradycardia*;Bronchitis; Edema; Fatigue, mental orphysical*; Nasal congestion; Obesity*

Anorexia; Anxiety; Dizziness;Headache;

ypertenson; rrta ty; nsomn a;ausea; ap tat ons; syc oss;

Tachycardia

Amphetamines; Caffeine;Diabetic agents; MAO Inhibito

eop y ne, o m ne

ng o o a ng o, ew tree, ma en a r tree ement a + -; nterm ttent c a u cat on+/-; Memory loss*; Raynauds disease;Tinnitis*; Vertigo**

erg c react on; ee ng; yspeps a,nausea

nt-t rom otc agents

Glycine spp. (4) Soy, soya, soybean, soybeancurd, lecithin, tofu

Cancer prevention; Climacteric symptoms;Hypercholesterolemia

Allergic reaction None noted

Glycyrrhiza glabra(33)

Licorice, Chinese licorice, Persianlicorice, Russian licorice, Spanishcor ce, sweet root

Cough; Gastritis; Peptic or duodenal ulcer**;Seborrhea; Stomatitis

Edema (high doses); Hypertension(high doses); Pseudoaldosteronism (inc ronc g oses

Digoxin; Diuretics

Hypericum perforatum St. Johns wort, amber,goatwee , amat wee

Anxiety*; Bacterial infection; Depression***;ra n ect on; oun ea ng

yspeps a, nausea; at gue;otosens t v ty; est essness

nt - epressants; ar turatea c um anne oc ers;

Cyclosporin; Cytochrome P45metabolized agents; Hormonencu ng contraceptves;

otosens t z ng agents;Sedatives; Theophyllin

num us stat ss mum(Not listed)

ax, nasa, nsee , nt e s onst pat on; ermat t s;Hypercholesterolemia**

erg c react on; yspeps a, nausea;Intestinal obstruction (large doses)

axatves; may e ay a sorptof oral agents

Matricaria recutita(Sold as Tea)

Chamomile, German chamomile,ungar an c amom e, true

c amom e, w c amom e,manzanilla Chamomilla recutita,Matricaria chamomilla

Dermatitis; Inflammatory bowel disease;nsomn a;ntest na spasm co c ; aryng t s;Stomatitis;Upper respiratory infection

Allergic reaction None noted

Melaleuca alternifolia(Not listed)

Tea tree oil, Australian tea tree o il Bacterial, fungal infections; Onchomycosis;Tenia pedis**; Upper respiratory infection

n a e vapors ; ag n t s ; oun ea ngou not e ta en nterna y

CNS Depression (internal use);Dermatitis (topical); Dyspepsia, nausea

ou not e ta en nterna y

None noted

ent a p perata(Sold as Tea)

epperm nt, ran y m nt, ammint

ary sor ers; ronc t s; oug ;Dyspepsia**; Intestinal spasm**; Irritablebowel syndrome**; Headache **

ronc ospasm; yspeps a, re ux stamne oc ers an rotonpump inhibitors; Anti-acids

RIZONA

HET UNIVERSITY OF

C MOLLEGE OF EDICINE

Key: Number n parentheses after Botan cal name s rank/order based on dollars sold n the Un ted States, 2002. Herbs sold pr mar ly as supplements or teas are not ncluded n th s rank ng. (1) Level of Ev dence: [No stars] folk use, theoret caanecdotal, case reports; [**] an mal studes, few human studes;[***] random zed human tr als [+/-] confl ct ng stud es. Comp led by Lane P. Johnson, MD, MPH, D rector, Drug/Herb Core, Ar zona Center for Educaton and Research n TherapeTucson, Arizona, 2005. Further information can be found at the AZCERT Website: http://www.arizonacert.org/, or in Pocket Guide to Herbal Remedies, Blackwell Science, 2002. This table is provided for informational purposes only and is not

designed to be used for the treatment of diseases or conditions. 2005 Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona.

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Commercial Herbs of Significance:

A Guide for Clinicians

Botanical Name Common NamesPotential Efficacy

an eve o v encePotential Adverse Effects

Potential Therapeuticnteract ons

Oenothera spp. (12) Evening primrose, flor-de-Santata,

King-cure-all

Arthritis**; Attention deficit disorder +/-;czema ; yper p ema; asta g a ;

Multiple sclerosis +/-;Premenstrual syndrome***

Dyspepsia, nausea; Headache; Rash Phenothiazines

Panax ginseng (6) Ginseng, Asian ginseng, Chineseginseng, Korean ginseng, Orientalginseng, Red Ginseng

Central nervous system stimulant*; Diabetes;Fatigue, mental or physical; Tonic for stress**

Inability to concentrate (large doses);Hypoglycemia; Nervousness, irritability

Diabetic agents; Coumadin

Pausinystalia yohimbe Yohimbe, johimbi, yohimbehe,orynant e yo m e

Erectile dysfunction** +/-; Hypotension*;mpotence; erostom a ecrease sa vat on

Agitation; Anxiety; Dyspepsia, nausea;ea ac e; ypertens on; nsomna;an a; ena sor ers; ac ycar a;

Tremor; Toxic reactions includingcardiac failure and death

Caffeine; Cardiac agents;p e ra;

n tors; r cyc cantidepressants

Pinus spp. (19) Pine dwarf pine, pine oil, pumilio,pycnogenol, Scotch fir, Scotchp ne, w ss mountan p ne, w tepine

Antioxidant; Bronchitis; Cough; Fever;Pharyngitis; Rheumatic disorders; Stomatitis;

pper resp ratory n ect on

Brochospasm; Dermatitis; Toxicreact ons can occur w t nterna useo essent a o .

None noted

per met yst cum(13)

ava ava, awa, ava nx ety ; nsomna erg c react on; ermat t s ong termuse); Diminished alertness and reactiontime; Drowsiness; Dyspepsia, nausea;

epatc tox c ty an ver a ure

co o ; e at v es;Benzodiazepines; Beta-blockeDopaminergic agents; Hepaticmeta o ze agents

am ucus, spp. er, ac e er, oor tree,common e er, e er erry,ellanwood, ellhorn, flor sauco, rede er, sweet e er

ronc t s; onstpaton; oug ; ema;ever; n uenza; pper resp ratory n ect on

arr ea; om t ng; ox c cyan ereact ons ave occurre rom smaamounts of leaves, stems and rawerr es.

one note

Serenoa repens (5) Saw palmetto, American dwarfpam tree, sa a

Benign prostatic hypertrophy***; Irritablea er

Headaches; Dyspepsia, nausea Hormonal agents

Silybum marianum Milk thistle, Marian thistle, St.ary t st e

Cholelithiasis; Dyspepsia; Hepatitis*;yperc o estero em a; n ammatory versease ; sor as s; ox c ver sease

Allergic reaction (rare); Laxative effectrare

Butyrophones; Phenothiazinesento am ne; o m ne

anacetempart en um

everew, a tam sa, ac e orsuttons, nose ee , anta ar a,

wild chamomile, wild quinine,hrysanthemum parthenium

rt r t s; st ma; ysmenorr ea; ever;n ammat on; gra ne ea ac e; gra neheadache prophylaxis***

erg c react on; tomatt s;t rawa syn rome art r t s,

myalgias)

nt-t rom otc agents;

Taraxacum officinale(30)

Dandelion, blowball, commonan e on, can erwort, ons

teet , eonto on taraxacum

Anorexia; Biliary disorders; Dyspepsia; Edema;Hepatic disorders; Urinary tract infection

Allergic reaction; Biliary inflammation;ary o struct on; ermat t s

Diuretics

n car a spp. at s c aw, e-g v ng-vne-o -eru, samento, una e gato

yspeps a; ancer; ontracept ve;n ect on; mmune st mu ant; n ammat on;Inflammatory bowel disease; Nausea; Viraldisorders

arr ea; ypotens on nt ypertensves; nt -t rom ot c agents

Vacciniummacrocarpon (8)

Cranberry Urinary incontinence; Urinary tract infection;Urinary tract infection-prevention**

None noted None noted

Vaccinium myrtillus(14)

Bilberry, bog bilberry, Europeanue erry, uc e erry, w ort eerry, yrt s ructus

Diabetic retinopathy +/-; Diarrhea; Stomatitis/pharyngitis; Vision-enhances night vision*+ -; o un ea ng

None noted Anti-thrombotic agents

a er ana spp. a er a n, a - ea , amant a,gar en vaer an, e otrope

nx ety; ysmenorr ea; nsomn a ; rr ta eowe sease

rows ness; yspeps a, nausea co o ; ar turates;enzo azep nes; e atves

tex v n era rape see , grape see extract nt-ox ant; rterosceros s;n ammat on; ar cost es; oun ea ng

one note one note

ng er o c na e(18)

nger, g nger root rt r t s ; yspepsa; yperemes sgravidarium***; Inflammation*; Motionsickness**; Nausea** +/-; Vomiting

ar ac arr yt m as a rge oses ;CNS depression (large doses); Uterinestimulant (large doses) +/-

nt-t rom otc agents

RIZONA

HET UNIVERSITY OF

C MOLLEGE OF EDICINE

Key: Number in parentheses after Botanical name is rank/order based on dollars sold in the United States, 2002. Herbs sold primarily as supplements or teas are not included in this ranking. (1) Level of Evidence: [No stars] folk use, theoretical;anecdotal, case reports; [**] an mal studes, few human studes;[***] random zed human tr als [+/-] confl ct ng stud es. Comp led by Lane P. Johnson, MD, MPH, D rector, Drug/Herb Core, Ar zona Center for Educaton and Research n TherapeTucson, Ar zona, 2005. Further nformat on can be found at the AZCERT Webs te: http://www.arizonacert.org/, or n Pocket Gu de to Herbal Remed es, Blackwell Sc ence, 2002. Th s table s prov ded for nformat onal purposes only and s not

designed to be used for the treatment of diseases or conditions. 2005 Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of The University of Arizona.