committee on “idaho’s management objectives”. topics paul ... waters that steelhead could...

851 S.W. Sixth Avenue, Suite 1100 Steve Crow 503-222-5161

Portland, Oregon 97204-1348 Executive Director 800-452-5161

www.nwcouncil.org Fax: 503-820-2370

Joan M. Dukes

Chair

Oregon

Rhonda Whiting

Vice-Chair

Montana

Bruce A. Measure

Montana

James A. Yost

Idaho

W. Bill Booth

Idaho

Bill Bradbury

Oregon

Tom Karier

Washington

Phil Rockefeller

Washington

May 31, 2012

MEMORANDUM

TO: Chair Dukes and members of the Council

FROM: Tony Grover, Fish and Wildlife Division Director

Jeff Allen, Idaho Council Staff

SUBJECT: IDFG hatchery /supplementation polices and activities

Paul Kline, Assistant Chief of Fisheries for the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, will brief the

Committee on “Idaho’s policy guidance, implementation and evaluation of the use of hatcheries and

hatchery-produced anadromous fish to address mitigation and management objectives”. Topics Paul

will cover include:

Review of Idaho’s native fish and hatchery supplementation policy guidance

Historical significance of Snake River salmon and steelhead populations

History of hatchery development in Idaho

Review of hatchery production objectives and associated terminology (harvest mitigation,

conservation, supplementation, etc.)

Overview of Idaho salmon and steelhead hatchery programs (locations, species, purpose)

Hatchery reform and IDFG programs

Review of selected program objectives, timelines, and results (ISS – the Idaho

Supplementation Study, other supplementation programs, Redfish Lake sockeye)

Future State direction and objectives

IDFG Policy guidance, program implementation, and evaluations for

hatchery-produced salmon and steelhead

Paul Kline Idaho Department of Fish and Game

Boise, IDJune 12, 2012

Presentation outline• Geographic orientation

• Significance of Snake River salmon and steelhead

• Department policy on natural- and hatchery-origin salmon and steelhead

• IDFG anadromous hatchery programs, objectives and associated terminology

• Selected programs and accomplishments

Oregon

Idaho

Washington

Columbia R.

0 25 50 75 100 km

NLower

Granite

1975

The

Dalles

1957

John

Day

1968

Bonneville

1938

McNary

1953

Lower

Monumental

1969 Little

Goose

1970Ice

Harbor

1961

Clearwater R.

Grand

Ronde R.

Imnaha

R.

Hells

Canyon

Complex

Geographic orientation

Montana

Geographic orientation

Mountain Snake Province,

Clearwater and SalmonSubbasins

Lewiston

Salmon

• Historically, the Snake River produced:• 55% of the summer steelhead• 40% of the spring Chinook salmon• 45% of the summer Chinook salmonin the Columbia River

• Coho and sockeye were also present• coho extinct in the mid 1980s• sockeye almost extinct in the 1990s

Historical significance


Historically, salmonand steelhead inhabitedstreams in SE Oregon,southern Idaho andNevada

Approximately 50% of Snake River salmonand steelhead habitathas been lost as a resultof dam constructionwhere fish passage wasnot provided

Historicalhabitat

blocked

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Dworshak-Lewiston

Swan Falls

Barber Dam

Warm Springs (Malheur)

Black Canyon (Payette)

Owyhee

Agency Valley (Malheur)

Unity (Burnt)

Brownlee

Lewiston

Hells Canyon Dam Complex Settlement agreement of 1980.Earlier agreement to mitigate

USACE Mitigation Dworshak Steelhead

Hatchery 1969

Lower Snake River Compensation Program

(1976 for 4 lower Snake River dams)


1980 Northwest Power ActCouncil, FW Program

BPA funding

Development of hatchery programs• Hatcheries came online to mitigate for

hydroelectric dam const. and operation:• Private: 4 IPC hatcheries (1962 – 1967)• National: Dworshak, Kooskia, Hagerman

NFHs (1966, 1985)• USFWS: 4 State-operated LSRCP

hatcheries (1979 – 1992)• BPA: Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery 2002,Eagle Hatchery modifications (2008) andSpringfield (IDFG) and Crystal Springs (SBT) in the next few years

Hatchery fish management policy • Hatcheries built as partial mitigation for

hydroelectric development

• Hatcheries function primarily to produce fish for harvest

• Artificial production limited or absent in wild production areas. Releases managed to minimize impacts on native fish

Department’s mission:

To preserve, protect, perpetuate and manage Idaho’s wildlife resources to provide for citizens… and to provide continued supplies for hunting, fishing and trapping

Hatchery fish management policy

Grande

Ronde R.

Looking Glass

Lostine

Tucannon

Imnaha

Upper

Grande

Ronde

Catherine

Cr.

DworshakNPTH

Clearwater

Kooskia

Rapid R.

Johnson Cr.

S. Fork

SalmonPahsimeroi

Sawtooth

Oxbow

Salmon R.

Clearwater R.

Imnaha R.

Eagle

SpringfieldMagic Valley

Niagara Springs

Hagerman NFH

USFWS (+ COE)

BPA

IPC

Funding

Lyons Ferry

Tribal and sport fisheries - Snake, Clearwater & Salmon Rivers

Grande

Ronde R.

Salmon R.

Clearwater R.

NPT

Imnaha R.

SBT

SportID

OR

WA

CTUIR

Idaho’s spring/summer Chinook hatchery programs

Hatchery Operator Eyed-eggs smolts

McCall IDFG 600,000 1,100,000

Pahsimeroi IDFG 1,000,000

Rapid River IDFG 3,000,000

Sawtooth IDFG 1,700,000

Totals 600,000 6,800,000

Salmon River Spring/Summer Chinook Releases

Hatchery Operator Eyed-eggs Sub-yearlings smolts

Dworshak NFH USFWS/NPT 1,050,000

Kooskia NFH NPT 50,000 600,000

NPTH NPT 625,000 200,000

Clearwater IDFG 300,000 2,535,000

Totals 975,000 4,385,000

Clearwater River Spring/Summer Chinook Releases

Total sp/su Chinook eggs and juveniles released: 12,760,000

Idaho’s fall Chinook and coho hatchery programs


Eagle Creek NFH USFWS/NPT 550,000

Dworshak NFH NPT 280,000

Potlatch NPT 30,000

Totals 30,000 830,000

Clearwater River Coho Releases


Lyons Ferry WDFW/NPT 1,400,000 450,000

NPTH NPT 1,400,000

Dworshak NFH USFWS/NPT 328,000

Oxbow IPC/IDFG 1,000,000

Totals 4,128,000 450,000

Clearwater/Snake River Fall Chinook Chinook Releases

Idaho’s steelhead hatchery programs


Hagerman NFH USFWS 1,360,000

Magic Valley IDFG 1,540,000

Niagara Springs IDFG 1,800,000

Pahsimeroi IDFG 500,000

Sawtooth IDFG 500,000

Totals 1,000,000 4,700,000

Salmon River Steelhead Releases


Dworshak NFH USFWS/NPT 2,100,000

Clearwater IDFG 843000

Totals 2,943,000

Clearwater River Steelhead Releases

Total steelhead eggs and smolts released: 8,643,000

Idaho’s Hatchery Programs• Putting release numbers in perspective for

sp/su Chinook and summer steelhead:

• Snake River hatcheries produce 34% of all sp/su Chinook produced in Columbia River drainage (31% in Idaho)

• Snake River hatcheries produce 61% of all summer steelhead produced in Columbia River drainage (52% in Idaho)

1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Almost all waters that salmon could access were open to fishing.

1950s and prior, season open all year. Harvest is entirely wild origin.

Start to see transition to more hatchery fish in the harvest in 1970s.

Many river sections were being closed to fishing.

South Fork Salmon River closed beginning 1966. Rapid River Hatchery begins contributing to harvest in 1967.

No Chinook seasons, 1979-1984.

Limited seasons for RR fish 1985-1993

No Chinook seasons, 1994-1996

Open seasons since 1997

Harvest management history – Chinook

1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

All waters that steelhead could access were open to fishing.

Last record of harvest in the Lochsa, Selway, South Fork Salmon River and Middle Fork Salmon River drainages was in 1973.

Seasons and locations restricted 1976-1989

Consistent seasons 1990s and 2000s. Harvest very good in some years

Harvest management history – Steelhead

No harvest in 1975

Oxbow Hatchery begins contributing to harvest in 1966.

Native fish conservation policy • Commission-approved

• “The Department willemphasize maintainingremaining populationsof wild, native stocksof salmon and steelheadwhere they occur in sustainable habitat”

• Maintain genetic integrityand diversity….

Steelhead

Sp/Su Chinook

Clearwater River SteelheadMPG

Sp/Su Chinook not-listed

Steelhead

Salmon River SteelheadMPG

Sp/Su Chinook

Salmon River Sp/SuChinook MPGs

SF Salmon, MF Salmon, Up. Salmon

• Snake River fall ChinookESU

• Blocked upstream of Hells Canyon complex

• Nez Perce began releasingfall Chinook in 2003

• IPC settlement agreementprogram

Snake River fall Chinook ESU

Nez Perce Tribefall Chinook release sites

IDFG fall Chinook releasesite (IPC)

Fall Chinook release locations

• Snake River sockeye ESU

• Wallowa, Payette, and Warm Springs populationsextirpated

• Stanley, Yellowbelly,Alturas, and Pettitpopulations extirpated

Snake River sockeye ESU

Idaho’s Hatchery ProgramsHarvest augmentation refers to the stocking

of anadromous fish where the primary purpose

is to return adults for sport, tribal, and

commercial harvest

• Beginning in the 1980s hatcheries began to be used to address additional objectives:

• The enhancement of natural production through supplementation and

• The conservation of important stocks at risk using captive broodstocking

Idaho’s Hatchery Programs

• Development of new programs influenced by:

• Agency policy/ management (stated conservation objectives)

• Current mitigation program language

• ESA (broodstock management)

• US v Oregon Production Agreement

• Hatchery reform (recommendations)


Supplementation is the use of artificial

propagation in an attempt to maintain or

increase natural production, while maintaining

the long-term fitness of the target population

and keeping the ecological and genetic impacts

on non-target populations within specified

biological limits (RASP 1992).


Conservation hatcheries focus on maintaining genetic resources, using the amplification potential of the hatchery, and restoring natural populations that face demographic, genetic, or ecological risks. The expectation is to maintain equivalent genetic resources of the native stock, and to return fish to the habitat to reproduce naturally. Time in culture should be minimized


Integrated Goal:

1 population,

2 environments

Hatchery Wild Hatchery Wild

Segregated Goal:

2 populations,

2 environments

Integrated Segregated


Theory Behind Guidelines for Integrated

Programs (from model of Ford 2002)

Natural selection pulls an integrated

population in two directions.

Hatchery

Optimum

Natural

Optimum

Hatchery selective

forces

Natural selective

forces

Equilibrium point is determined by balance between

hatchery-to-wild and wild-to-hatchery gene flow rates.

Integrated

population


1990 RASP process

1994 IHOT process

1998 APR process

2000 Return to the River (ISG)

2003 ISAB review of supplementation

2003 ISRP review of Idaho ISS

2003 APRE report

2005 ISRP/ISAB review of sup. RME

2008 ADHOC Supplementation Work

2009 HSRG/HRT


HatcheryReform

Review of selected integrated supplementation and conservation

programs

Idaho Supplementation StudyProject 198909800

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

Baseline data collection

Brood stock development

Juvenile releases from F1 broodstock

Juvenile

Release

Adult return / treatment / F2 broodstock

Control &Treatment

StreamMonitoring

2007

2012-14

Adult return / treatment

2012-14

Idaho Supplementation Study

Stanley

Salmon

Treatment

Reference

Weir & Trap

Trap

Weir

No infrastructure

Weir & Trap

Trap

No infrastructure

Lewiston


Baseline Supplement Evaluate

Experimental phase

0

Me

tric

+

-


• Data analysis and final reporting 2014-2015

• Preliminary results from one stream (Pahsimeroi)indicate:

• supplementation (hatchery) and natural adultsrandomly mating in the wild

• the contribution of parents and relativereproductive success of supplementation andnatural adults to first generation smolts equal

Idaho Supplementation Study (ISS)

Chinook captive rearingProject 200740300

Chinook captive rearing

• Initiated in 1995 when record low numbers ofsp/su Chinook returned to the Snake River

• Using conservation aquaculture techniques to rearChinook full-term to maturation in the hatchery

• Determining contribution of captive-reared adultsto subsequent generations

• Will identify advantages/disadvantages of thisapproach and contrast with concurrently runcaptive broodstock program in E. Oregon.

• This program will sunset in 2015

Sockeye captive broodstockProject 200740200

Sockeye captive broodstock

• Initiated in 1991 after a prolonged period of lowreturns of sockeye to the Snake River

• Using conservation aquaculture techniques to rearsockeye full-term to maturation in the hatchery

• Maintained population genetic diversity andlikely prevented extinction

• Expanding program into “re-colonization” phaseusing smolt releases to increase anad. returns.

Other examples

• New integrated broodstock programs for threesp/su Chinook populations and one steelhead pop.

• Upper Salmon, Pahsimeroi, SF Salmon Chinook• EF Salmon Steelhead

• New efforts to establish localized broodstocksof steelhead in Clearwater and Salmon River basins

• SF Clearwater steelhead• Salmon River B-run steelhead

• Programs address IDFG conservationpriorities and HSRG/HRT recommendations

Next steps?

Next steps

• HGMPs should continueto be used to identifyprogram goals, objectives, approaches to implementation, and M&E plans

• To continue to form the foundation of biological information used by NOAA for ESA decisionmaking and permitting

HGMP

Next steps

• The region’s dedication to implementing hatchery reform recommendations has been exemplary

• Best management practices are being implemented consistently across the region and hatchery goals and objectives are being defined and effectively pursued

HSRG

Next steps

• Developed a strategy to integrate individual hatchery evaluation programs into a regional framework

• With standardized protocols for M&E,continued/expanded VSP monitoring, and continued/expanded RRS studies

AHSWG

Next steps

• The Region is still finalizing goals for SR salmon and steelhead.

• Development of implementation strategies that may require program modifications

Snake River Recovery Plan

• Idaho will continue to emphasize the importance of fisheries and the production of fish for harvest

• Ensure that wild fish populations are managed effectively and that remaining habitat is protected or improved

• Continue implementation supplementation and conservation aquaculture programs that address agency priorities

• Stress the importance of defining goals and objectives for hatchery programs and ensuring appropriate monitoring and evaluation programs as well as adaptive management frameworks are in place to effectively manage outcomes

• Continue to implement elements of hatchery reform described in HSRG, HRT, and other documents

• Participate in regional discussions to develop guidance for supplementation actions, monitoring, and evaluation (e.g., CRHEET)

• Support the development of tools such as genetic stock identification (GSI) and parentage-based tagging (PBT) to refine our ability to identify hatchery-origin and natural-origin salmon and steelhead – and as tools for evaluating supplementation and RRS studies

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