committing to electric drive: 1975-2011
DESCRIPTION
Historical perspective on why Oregon is a leader in EVs.TRANSCRIPT
Committing to Electric Drive: 1975-2011
David Mayfield, Principal
Sustainable Transportation Strategies
Portland, Oregon
Presented at:
“Getting Plugged In: Electric Drive Community Readiness Training”
for Clean Cities Coordinators
June 27, 2011
Indianapolis, Indiana
What Experts Say About Portland’s
EV Market Ranking
� #1 Demographics
� #5 Roll-out Plans
� #15 EV Attitude
� #23 Metro Size
Source: Pike Research
Oregon’s Reputation:
� Environmentally Conscious
� Innovative
� Early Adopters
Factors Contributing to Oregon’s EV
Readiness
1. Historical Environmental Ethic
2. History of Innovative Transportation Choices
3. 35 Years of Compact Urban Growth
4. Supportive Regulatory Environment
5. Collaboration of Key Stakeholders
Groundwork for Transportation
Electrification: 1970s
� Gas Crisis
� Air Quality Violations
� Governor McCall Rejects National Land Use Trends: “rampage of suburbia
…threaten to mock Oregon's
status as the environmental
model for the nation.”
1970s: Senate Bill 100
� Created Compact Urban Growth
� Protects Farms and Forests
� Requires State/Local Collaboration
1970s: Freeway Revolt
• Harbor Freeway removed in 1976 to make way for Waterfront Park
• Citizens Stop Mount Hood Freeway; Funds Diverted to Electric Light Rail Transit
1980s: Portland Metro’s First Electric
Light Rail Route Opens
2001: Electric Street Cars Return
Historic Streetcar Lines
Portland Streetcar and Aerial Tram
1990s: Portland Metro’s 2040 Plan
Creates Focus on Urban Centers
� Portland Central City
� Regional Centers
� Town Centers
� Station Communities
� Connecting Corridors
Compact Urban Development
• Transit-Oriented Development for Housing and Jobs
• Increased Value of Land & Improvements
• Increased Pedestrian and Bike Trips
• Reduced Reliance on
Automobile
Increased Urban Density and Street
Vehicles
� Density Lowers VMT
� Reduces Vehicular Speed
� Adds More Cars Compared to Light Trucks, Vans, SUVs
18
24
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
DV
MT
/ P
ers
on
Portland Only Portland-Vancouver U.S. National Average
Sources: Andy Cotugno, Portland Metro; Danilo Santini, Argonne National Laboratories
Urban Density and
Average Vehicular Speed
Source: Santini, Danilo et al, Where is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electric Vehicle Journal 2008
Urban Density and Vehicle Class
Source: Santini, Danilo et al, Where is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electric Vehicle Journal 2008
Small, Efficient EVs
for High Density Urban Areas
Green Light Motors
Segway Nissan
Brammo
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
2.0
e+10
2.5
e+10
3.0
e+10
3.5
e+10
4.0
e+10
4.5
e+10
Annual CO2 Equivalent Emissions
All Vehicle Efficiency & Fuels Scenarios
Year
Pounds C
O2 E
quiv
ale
nts
Med Lt Veh EffHigh Lt Veh Eff
EV & High Lt Veh EffEV & High All Veh EffEV, High All Veh Eff & Low Carb Fuel
PHEVs and BEVs: Essential
for Oregon’s Greenhouse Gas Reductions
1. Technological Advances
2. Land Use Form
3. Pricing
Ranking of Factors Contributing to GHG Reductions:
Source: Brian Gregor, ODOT
Higher Urban Density
Projected to Increase PHEV Use
0 10 20 30 40 50
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Electric Vehicle Travel by Average PHEV Electric Range
As Applied to Survey Households
Assume 100% Market Penetration
Average PHEV Electric Range in Miles
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f L
igh
t V
eh
icle
Mile
s U
sin
g E
lectr
icity
0.380.41
0.46
0.52
Persons Per Square Mile
50
30075015003000
700017000
30000
Average
Source: Brian Gregor, ODOT
Oregon’s Regulatory Environment
� Tax Credits for HEV Sales Until 2010
� Helped HEV Sales
� Decision Factor for Half Who Used Subsidy
� Tax Credits for BEVs, PHEVs, and Charging Stations
� New Legislative Session
� End Most Tax Credit Subsidies
� VMT Tax For EVs
2008/2009 Activities
� PGE Deploys Charging Stations
� State Tax Credits for Vehicles and Charging Stations
� Governor’s Working Group Issues EV Policy Recommendations
� Portland State University and PGE Begin Series of EV Road Map Conferences
2010 Activities
� Formation of Drive Oregon
� PUC Investigates Utility Role in EV Infrastructure Deployment
� Creation of Smart Grid Oregon
� PGE Installs First Publicly Available Fast Charger
2010-2012: Oregon Participates in
EV Project
� Deployment Guidelines
� 10-Year Plan for Public Charging Stations
� 2-Year Plan for Public Charging Stations
� First EVSE Installed in 2011
2011: Recent Developments
� Oregon DOT
� 8 Fast-Charging Stations Along I-5
� Up to 20 More Fast-Charging Stations
� Portland Auto Show Features PHEVs, BEVs & Charging Stations
� Portland Metro Allocates $500K to Facilitate EV Adoption
Oregon Stakeholders Provide Right Mix
for EV Cluster
� Private Industry� Manufacturing� Design� Construction
� Government� Economic Development� Transportation� Energy� Environmental Quality� Numerous Regional and City Governments
� Utilities� NGOs� Universities