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TRANSCRIPT
commodore
Model F4146RFinancial Electronic
Calculator
Ownerk Manual
TABLE 0F CONTENTS
Section Description Page
I. Understanding Your Calculator
Keyboard Layout 4Key Index 5Introduction 6
II. Basic Applications
Standard Keys 10Working With Memory Bank 11Chain Calculations 13Inverse Functions 13Mark Up/Mark Down 15TaxAdd-On 16Chain Discounts 17Percentage Différence 18Financial Keys 20
I. Référence Guide To FinancialApplications 25
IV. Financial Applications
Compounded Amounts 30Annuities 39Mortgage Calculations 53
V. Scientific Applications 69
VI. Glossary Of Terms 71
VII. Appendices
Appendix AAC Opération 78Battery Opération 78Battery Charging 78
Vil. Appendices
Appendix BLow Power 80Température Range 80Shipping Data 80
Appendix CGuarantee 81
KEYBOARD
INT CMP
FV PV PMT DP
OTR SEMI YEAR
PER Pay DAV
STO1 RCL1
7ooo+ /- 4 5
OOOCE/C 1 2
OOOC 0
OOO
KEYBOARD INDEXDescription
Standard Keys Page Financial Keys Page
202020202021
2121212121222222222323
Introduction
Your new financial calculator represents théimagination, craftsmanship and dedication ofhundreds of people in every division of ourcompany. Incorporating thé latest Systemsarchitecture and thé most advanced solidstate technology, it is perhaps thé finest•,chievement in thé field of portable electronicComputing equipment.
Programmed within ils logic component arevolumes upon volumes of interest and finan-cial tables commonly used in everydaybusiness activities. This vast amount of knowl-edge is now at your fingerlips combined withmany calculating advantages exclusive toyour new machine.
Let's consider, for a moment, thé "DownPayment (DP)" key. A basic example whichasks, "What will a savings account with aninitial deposit of $2000 be worth after 3 years if$300 monthly deposits are made to it? Theaccount earns 7% compounded monthly" re-quires a preliminary calcul ation withoutthe(DP) key. With it, thé key séquence is an easy,direct entry opération:
2000
Read:
14444.88138
The resuit is delivered in less than a second,but more importantly. two significant featuresof thé machine's logic are illustrated:
1. Easy, direct problem entry2. Algebraic logic permits you to enter a
problem in just about any logical séquence
We hâve seen how thé direct entry feature isenhanced by thé performance of thé (DP)key. The method of addressing any problemis naïf thé battle of solving it and thé common-sense algebraic logic of your new calculatorgreatly increases thé ease by which examplesmay be indexed into it.
The séquence we chose to enter thé aboveexample commanded thé machine to:
Multiply monthly payment: 300 BSuby thécompounded monthly interest 7then by36months: 3 x 12dandthenmultipjy this by thé principal or initial deposit:2000 1*13 and final ly compute EH3 théFuture Value Q] 14444.88138.
The statement is; HEE! Q Q |>Q QQ U
But, remember algebraic logic? It lets youenter an example just as you v/ouldw rite iton paper and Q HITil Q FTH ESQ Ul isjust as logical a key séquence as our earlierentry. So, if you had preferred this entry mode,your resuit would hâve been thé same. In thisexample, thé compute key ip\'\\'j lells thécalculator to solve for future value. It mustbe pressed immediately before thé key isentered.
Anolher advantage of your new machine isthé ffiEl Display key. It enables you to recallany entry at any time during a problem forreview.
In our original example we had enlered:
300 p M 7pm BHB B 3 X 12 [H
2000(33- '*' a"er hav'nQ rnade thé last entry, wenow wisn to check thé numberof months weentered, we need only press: l'ifrl Qj thédisplay would read: 36, What was our monthlypayment? Press QQ QJQ • read: 300.
Display capacity is yet another outstandingfeature. Your machine is able to handle resultsas small as 1 .0 x • (that is a 1 with 99zeroes to its lett and a décimal point at thévery front of this super miniscule number. upto 9.999999999 x 10" (that is a number 1 fol-lowed by 99 zeroes and a décimal point at thévery end. In dollars that's considerably moretnan thé national debt).
We should not overlook thé fact that yourfinancial calculatorcan handle an extensiverange of routine arithmetic, memory and per-cent calculations. And they are easy toperform. Please read this book thoroughly.Become familiar with thé keyboard. Workthrough each application, as they hâve beendesigned to give you a complète understand-ing of every function. Practice. Once youdiscover how easy your calculator is to oper-ate. it will become an enjoyable daily assistantin almost every area of général and businesscomputation.
Hère are just some of thé many calculationsyou can solve with ease on your financialcalculator,
• Combined Compounded Amount and an-nuity problems
• Mortgage Calculations
• Effective yield calculations
• Add-on interest to effective yield conversion
• Amortization fdepreciation. finance charges)
• Ail présent value, future value and effectiverate calculations
• AN percent calculations
• AN simple and compouno interest assign-ments
• Dépréciation calculations.. and more
GETTtNG TO KNOW YOUR CALCULATOR
Keyboard Description and OperalingFundamentals
Power "ON" Switch.When unit is turned on thé display will read:
0.
Ail registers are automatically cleared inpréparation for thé first example.
Number Keys
0 to 9 •
Enter digils in thé very same manner as youwould when writing them on paper.
Clear Keys
C
The C key is a CLEAR ALL key. Itshould beused to clear your entire machine beforebeginning a new example. It is important tonote that thé C key MUST be pressed beforebeginning a new financial example.The C key will not clear thé memoryregisters. Clearing thé memories is an auto-matic process. Please refer to thé explanationon, "writing over existing data," cûvered inthé paragraph on Memory Bank opérations.Also see paragraph, "To Clear MemoryRegisters."
10
CE
The CE key is a clear entry key. If pressedimmediately after a numerical entry, it willclear or "erase" that enlry so thaï you cancorrect an entry error by entering anothernumber without beginning ail over again.If pressed twice. it will clear thé entire calcu-lator except for thé memory register.
Working Wilh The Memory Bank
The Storage 1 and Storage 2 keys identi(ythé two independenl memory registers.You can use thé memories for ail standardcomputalions. The unit uses them automaticallywhen performing financial calculations.
The memory keys,tî|iJQand3EBsave data
for future use. Wnen pressed, thé value currentlyon thé display will be copied into thé desiredmemory register. Any data presently beingheld in that memory will be automaticallyerased and thé new data stored. This isreferred to as "writing over" existing data.
Memory Recall 1 and Memory Recall 2 . Thèsekeys respectively serve their independentstorage registers.When pressed thé recall key copies thé datain memory onto thé display. It does not clearthat memory. Thus, thé stored data is un-altered and may be recalled later.
11
Thiskey is thé summation key. When pressed,it adds thé number on thé display tothé value stored in Memory 1. In this manneryou are able to accumulate either négative orpositive values. It is good practice to cleartheMemory 1 with thé key séquence C ETTi lbefore using thé Bl key, unless thévalue currently in Memory 1 is to be includedin thé summation. The summation key appliesonly to Memory 1 . Memory 2 is not accessiblefor accumulation.
To Clear Memory Registers
Values stored in a memory register are notaffected by either thé CE key or thé Ckey. Removal of stored data may be accom-plished by "writing over" thé présent contents;that is, by simply storing a new number. Whena machine is turned off, then on, ail registers,including memories. are automatically cleared.To clear thé memories without entérina a newnumber, thé key séquence is: C m££| orC
Arithmetic Keys
+ - x + =
Thèse are thé basic four function and resuitkeys. Each key commands thé calculator toperform its respective funclion. Calculationsare entered and executed with common sensé,algebraic logic.
12
Chain Calcula (ions
Example: 4 + 5 X 6 = 54Enter: Read:
a.) 4 4.b.) + 4.c.) 5 5.d.) x 9.
The subtotal of 4 + 5 isdisplayed and thé calcu-lator is ready to multiplyit by thé next entry.
e.) 6 6.f.) = 54.
During chain calculations, as 4 + 5 x 6,function keys prépare thé calculator for thénext entry and display thé running subtotal atthé same time, as iltustrated in step "d" above.Pressing thé resuit key = dérives thé answerand automatically clears thé calculator lor thénext example.
Inverse Key
The reciprocal or inverse function key com-putes thé inverse of a number on thé displayand instantly displays thé resuit.
Example: Find thé inverse of 41.
Read:41.
2.43902439-02
13
The reciprocal or inverse funclion key instantlycomputes thé décimal équivalent of a fraction.What is thé reciprocal of 25 (or 1/25)?
Enter: Read:
25 25.
0.04
Note any fraclion multiplied by its reciprocalequafsone.
Thus: -04 x 25 = 1.
Change Sign Key +/-
Changes (he sign of g number in thé displayfrom + to — or — to +. If no sign is dis-played. thé number is positive ( + ). This keycan only be used immediately afler a numeri-cal entry rs made.
Let's raise 3 to thé 15th power. 3|S = ?
Enter: Read:
3 3.
3.
15 15.
• 14348907.
14
Percent key
Percent key displays a number enlered as apercentage in décimal form. The key séquence:
1 0 El will be displayed as 0.1 whichis thé décima! équivalent of 10%.
Example: To find 6% of 112:
Enter: Read:
6 ^ X 112 = 6.72
The percent key can be used with any of théfour function keys + — X -r to accom-plish mark-up and mark-down percentagecalculations.
Mark up/Mark down and Tax Add-on
This calculation fmds thé cost of an item giventhé selling price and a percentage mark upor mark down.
Examples:
© A buyer is prepared to purchase a unit at7 cents each. He is offered a 30% discounton thé cost of each unit if he purchases20.000 units per month. What is his costper unit and his net cost per month?
15
Enter:
.07
- 30 El
«
X 20000 =
'ï Tax Add-On
Read: Explanation:
0.07
0.021
Enter thé unit priéeand subtract thé dis-counted amt. per part.
0.049 The total priée perunit
980. At 20.000 units permonth thé buyer willpay $980/mo.
An automobile you are thinking of buyingretails for $4980. But you are consideringhow much more it will cost when sales taxis added. What is thé dollar amount of taxal a rate of 6% and what is thé total costof thé car?
Enter: Read: Explanation:
4980 4980 Enter thé priée
16
+ 6 298.8 The dollar amount of taxisS298.80
5278.8 The total cost of thé autois $5278.80
Chain Discounts
As a buyer you hâve been offered a30%/15%/10% discount on a 10 cent item due tothé quantjty you plan to purchase. What is thécost per unit after this discount?
Enter:
.10
— 30
15
10
m
Read: Explanation:
0.10 Enter unit price
0.03 First discount amount
0.07 Unit price after firstdiscount
0.0105 Second discount
0.0595 Unit price after seconddiscount
0.00595 Third discount
0.05355 Unit price with a 30%15%/10% discount
17
Percentage Différence
The Percentage Différence key. QO calcu-lâtes thé percentage différence between abase, entered first, and any other number. Itdisplays thé resuit as a percentage (%) of thébase. For example, calculate Ihe percentagedifférence between 70. thé base, and 350:
Enter: Read:
70 70.
70.
350 350.
The percentage différence between 350 and70is400%.
Example:
To détermine markup as a discount from retail.A retailer sells an item for $12.00. His cost is$9.00. What is his percent of markup?
Enter: Read:
12 12.
12.
9.00 9.00
= -25.
18
The shopkeeper's markup is 25% shown as adiscount ( - ) from retail.Let's check it using thé add on/discountpercent key
12 12.
12.
25 25.
0 3. (dollar amount of markup)
= 9. cost
The reciprocal key not only permits us tomstantly détermine profit expressed as adiscount from retail. it also permits computa-tions to show thé markup on cost. The latteris also thé method to quickly compute a returnon investment.
Example:
A man invests $9.000 in thé stock market.Sève rai weeks later he sells his stock for$12,000. What is thé return on his investment?
Enter:
9000
H312000
•
Read:
9000.
9000.
12000.
33-33333333
The investor has realized a 33% return on hismoney.
19
Financial Keys
Présent Value key, used to enter aprésent value or initial investment forcomputatiora. To enter a présent value of$5000, thé key séquence is : 5000 Q3
Future Value key, used lo enter a pro-jected future value for computation. Forexample, to enter a Future Value of$10,000, thé key séquence is: 10000 kxM
Payment key, used to enter Ihe periodicpayment amount for computation. Toenter a $75 periodic ayment, thé keyséquence is: 75
Interest key, used to enter thé amountof periodic interest. Interest is entered asa percentage per compounding period.
Per Period key. This key is used as apréface to enter a spécifie time key, Thetime key works in conjunction with thé Qkey to provide quick réduction of anannual interest rate to thé correct perio-dic payment.
20
Examples:
CompoundPeriod:
Annually
Semi-Annually
Quarlerly
Monihly
Weekly
To Enter: Key Séquence:
6% compounded 6annually
6% compounded 6 E33 E3H1 Dlsemi-annually
6% compounded 6quarlerly
6% compounded 6monthly
Daily(365 days)
Daily(360 days)
6% compounded 6weekly
6% compounded 6DAILY on a 365day/year
6% compounded 6DAILY on a 360day/year
21
Number of periods. Used tp enter thénumber of compoundmg and/or pay-ment periods (or computation.
Down Payment. Enters a down paymentor an initial balance for calculation.While financial entnes may be made inany order. thé 1*1 J key is a spécialentry and must always bemade justprior !o thé compute. JHi'jlJ key. The
key séquence must be: i»]p ECTJ
Dollar Amount Interest Key. This corn-putational key is used with thé |«m^key to perform discounted note andaccrued inlerest calculations.
Exchange Register Key. l his Key re-places thé number previously enteredwilh Ihe number currently on thé dis-play. It is used in financial appli-cations which hâve two results. In thisinstance thé first resuit is displayed andthé second one is recovered by press-ing thé exchange key. Refer to théfollowing calculations for application:
© Discounted NoteAccrued Interest
! Add on interest lo annual per-centage rate conversion.
22
Compute Key. Triggers thé calculationof thé Présent Value Bj FutureValue OU , Payment IJi'JJ. InterestHor Number of Periods Ml whenentered just prior to one of thèse keys.
Display Key. Recalls an entry for exam-ination. It may be pressed at any timeprior to pressing thé IHi'.IJ key withoutdisturbing previous entries.
Note: II thé l»lf=^ key is pressed im-médiate lyaf 1er Ihe LHiMJ key, as in
earlier entry. However, to continue thécalculalion you must reenter thé com-pute Hflia key.
Note 2: Recall of prior entries aftercommutation has been executed is per-missible under certain conditions.Please refer lo "Compounded Amountof Interest Earned." example, page 34,
23
IMPORTANT1. AH financial calculations automatically em-
ploy thé memory registers to solve compu-tations. Therefore. any data previouslystored in memory prior to a financial calcu-lation will be lost.
2. Your financial calculator must be clearedbefore a financial calculation is entered.Failure to clear thé machine may resuit inan error signal "E" apppearing on thé dis-play, but more commonly yields an erro-neous resuit. Your calculator wiil performaccurately and quickly when clearedproperly. This is accomplished by pressingthé C key.
24
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Financial Applications
The following calculations illustrate how easyit is to handle your financial calculator.Work through each exercise. Building confi-dence in your ability to handle your newmachine is only a matter of practice. Verifyyour results with those shown on thé followingpages. Should your calculator fail to performany of thé examples precisely as illustrated,be certain you are keying in thé problem ac-curately. Remember to clear your machine bypressing Ihe C key before beginning anew example. Failure to clear thé machine willcause an "E" error symbol to appear or yieldan erroneous resuit.
Compounded Amounts
Future Value of a Compounded amount.
This calculation findslhe future value Ejof a présent value EQ Compounded at aperiodic interest rate H for |£| periods.Enter in any order:
[£| D d BQïl \SM and compute théfuture value of your investment.
Example 1: If you invested $1000 at 7% interestcompounded annually what would your in-vestment be worth in 3 years?
30
Enter:
c ioooQQ 7 g
Read: $1225.043
Example 2. Suppose thé same sum is investedat 5.75% compounded daily on a 365 day/year basis, what would it be worth after 3years?
Enter:
C 1000 CT1 5.75 [23 Hjn Q
3 X 365 Q BTCT3 131
Read: 1188.255674
Présent Value of Compounded Amount
03 HQ 023IQThis calculation finds thé amount you wouldneed to invest today to reach a desired futureamount when computed at a given periodicinterest rate.
Enter in any order: ^Q | 3and compute thé présent value
31
Example: What sum of money must be de-posited in a long term savings account at an8% annual interest rate compounded daily ona 365 day/year basis for 3 years to accumu-late $10,000?
Enter:
10000
3 x 365 QE23G2Read: $7866.48547
Rate of interest for a Compounded Amount
This calculation finds thé rate of interest perperiod necessary to amass a desired futurevalue ffom an initial investment {présent value)over a number of periods, Q . The annualpercentage rate is found by multiplying Iheinterest per period, thé resuit of this '.alcula-tion, by thé number of periods per year.
Enter in any order: d] CQ I ] andcompute thé interest rate per period E'-*i fi
32
Example: What annual percentage of interestis necessary for an initial investment of $500to grow to $1000. if thé sum is compoundedmonthly over 3 years?
Read: 1.944064367, thé interest rate per mo.
X 12 =
Read: 23.3287724, thé annual rate of interestnecessary.
Number of Periods for a Compounded Amount
This calculation finds thé number of periodsnecessary to amass a desired future valuefrom an initial investment (présent value) at agiven periodic rate of interest.
Enter in any order: Q9 | J Qand compute thé number of periods necessary
33
Example: You now hâve $1000 in a savingsaccount which earns 7.75% compounded dailyon a 365 day/year basis. How long will it taketoreach $1,000.000?
Enler:
c iooo[21 1 ooo coo m
775 [22 G22 n E52 21Head: 32536.75305, days
Enler: -r 365 =
Read: 89.14178918. years
Compounded Amount of Interest Earned:
This calculation linds thé interest earned(actual amount) on an investment when thérate of interest and number of periods areknown.
Enter in any order:and compute thé future valuethen subtract thé initial value to_f_ind thé totalamount of interest earned —
34
Example: What is thé total amount ol moneyearned as interest on an investment of $1000compounded annually for 3 years at an annualinterest rate of 7%?
Enter:
c icoo[33 Q ^HJEyQBBRead: 1225.043, total amount massed
Read: 225.043, total amount of interestaccrued
Note how thé C23 key is employed to recallan earlier entry. To détermine thé amount ofinterest earned we must subtract thé présentvalue frgm thé final amount. Therefore, oncethé m has been obtained, we simply press
— (33 Q3 = and thé computation isperformed in logicat séquence.
35
Nominal Rate Converted toEffective Annual Rate of Interest
This calculation finds thé effective rate ofinterest when thé nominal annual rate of inter-est and thé number of compounding periodsare known.
Enter in any order: 121 D Uand compute thé effective annual rate ofinterest
Note: The PV key is used hère purely to signalthé Nominal Rate to Effective annual rate ofinterest; no numencal value need be enteredwith thé PV key, though an error will not resuitif a number is keyed in with thé PV key.
Example: What is thé effective annual rate ofinterest on a savings account if thé statednominal rate of interest is 5.75% compoundeddaily?
Enter:
C E3 5.75 H 365 H BfTT3H
Read:5.918047306, effective annual rate of interest
36
Effective annual rate of interest tonominal interesl rate conversion
This calculation finds thé nominal interesl ratewhen thé effective annual rate of interest andthé number of compounding periods are known.
Example: By law thé maximum légal interestrate on a long lerm loan is 18% annually. Whatnominal rate of interest does this represent?
Read: 16-66611638, % nominal interest rate
Add-On Interest to Annualpercentage rate conversion
This calculation finds thé annual percentagerate and thé monthly payment factor given anadd-on interest rate and thé number ofperiods. The monthly payment can be calcu-lated by multiplying thé principal by thémonthly payment factor.
37
Enter in any order: Q IT1Compute thé annual interest rateand enter thé exchange key lo display thémonthly payment factor
Example: What is thé true rate of interest on a36 month, 7% add-on loan? What would thémonthly payment be on a $3000 principal?
Enter:
C 7
Read:
36QQ2SQ 12.82788631
X 3000 =
3.361111111-02
100.8333333
Answers: 12.83% Annually.034 Monthly Payment Factor$100.83 Monthly Paymenl
38
ANNUITIES
Future Value of an Annuity (Sinking Fund)
This calculation finds thé future value of anamount to be accumulated at thé end of agiven number of periods where thé followingfacts are known:
Given: Number of payment periods 171Value of thé payments iJi'illPeriodic rate of interest OInitial balance: 0
The algebr lie logic ofyour machine enablesthé U| [22fl and Q entnes to be madein any order you wish.
Example: You want to buy a house and hâveno money for thé down payment. If you start afund, today, in which you will save $300 permonth and your savings earn 6% compoundedmonthly. how much will your down paymentfund be worth at thé end of three years?
Enter:
c 300 QZQ eiïren tanin !•3 x 12171 rarra Qj]Read: 11800.8315After three years of frugality you will hâvesaved $11,800.83.
39
Rate of Interest (or Sinking Fund (Savings)
This application fmds thé rate of interest neces-sary (or a sinking fund to amass a future value.
Given: Desired future value la!iNumber of payment periods É"lValue of payment G7HInitial balance: 0
Exampte: In three years a man must repay adebt of $14.000. He is able to save $350 permonth towards this debt. What annual rate ofinterest will he require to reach thé $14,000goal?
Note: The resuit will be thé rate of interest perperiod. In this example: I per month. Afterwe solve for I we must multiply thé resuitby thé number of periods in one year todétermine thé annual interest rate.This calcul ation is itérative, or one which suivesthé problem by applying cycles of opérations.For this reason. exécution time requires ap-proximately 10 to 20 seconds.
Enter:
40
Read: .593035837(This is monthly rate of inlerest.)
Since thé problem calls for thé annual ratewe must now multiply by 12. Thus, X 12
Read: 7.116430045(This is annual rate of inlerest.]
Payment for Sinking Funds (Savings)
This calculation finds thé periodic paymentnecessary to reach a desired future value.
Given: Future valueNumber of payment periodsPeriodic inlerest rateInitial balance: 0
(Remember, you may enter | J [ andin any order.)
Example: Your girl is a contemporary lady wilhold-fashioned values and wants a $5,000 dia-mond ring when you both become engagedone year from now. You plan to save eachmonth towards thé ring. The best rate avail-able is 6% compounded monthly. How muchmust you save each month to buy thé ring?
41
Enter: Read:
C
12 405.3321455Rounding off thé displayed resuit reveals amonlhly savings payment of $405.33.
Présent Value of Annuity
EJ] D DEISC1This calculation détermines thé principal ofprésent value of an annuity.
Given: Number of pay periods KMInterest rate per periodPeriodic paymentInitial balance: 0
Example: You intend to buy a car and wish tosecure a three year loan to do so. You canafford to repay thé loan at a rate of S150 permonth. If thé annual interest rate is 9% com-pounded monthly, how much can you affordto borrow?
Read:
4717.020789
42
Periodic Payment of an Annuity.(Direct réduction of loan)
This catculation détermines thé periodicpayment necessary to amortize a principal.
Gîven: Amountof loan or présent valueNumberof payment periodsPeriodic interest rate
Example: A man takes out a $4,000 homeimprovement loan with an annual interest rateof 9%. The life of thé loan is 21/2 years.What will thé monthly payments be?
Enter:
2.5 x 12 Q E33 QZQRead: 149.392643
Therefore, thé monthly payment is $149.39-
43
Interesl Rate on Loans
This computation finds thé rate of interestper period.
Given: Principal or présent valueNumber of pay periodsPeriodic payment
Example: What is thé annual interest rate ona $4000 principal which is amortized in 36monthly payments of $140 each?The resuit obtained must be multiplied by thénumber of periods per year to déterminethé annual rate.As in thé sinking fund example which seeksto find thé interest rate, this solution is alsoitérative using numerical analysis techniques.Thus, exécution time will be several seconds.
Enter:
4000 Q3 1 40Q2Q 36 Q |323 yRead: 1.306793134
The above resuit is thé monthly interest rate,"o détermine thé annual rate we now multiply
by12: ' X 12 = 15.68151761Therefore, thé annual interest rate is: 15.68%
44
Future Value of Annuity
In our annuity problem on Page 39 we askedfor thé amount of a down payment accumu-laled in a 3-year fund with monthly Jnvesimentsof $300 and earning 6% interest compoundedmonthly. This problem presumed that Iherewas no initial deposit on account.
The |*lj| Down Payment key permits you tocompute assignments in which an initialdeposit does exist without first encounteringa preliminary computation.Let us suppose that in our earlier problemthere had been an existing deposit of $5000on account. How large a down payment couldyou now afford if you elected to save $300 permonth for 3 years and your savings earned6% compounded monthly?
Enter:
Read: 17784.23412
Thus, you could now afford a down paymentof $17,784.23.
45
Example: What annual rate of interest nvjst beobtained to save $15.000 in three years if youhâve an initial balance of $1,500 and you planto deposit $300 per month?
Enter: Read:C 300 Hfljp 15000 123 1.795758481
3 X 12 CI 1500
1.795758481 is thé monthly interest rate.To obtain thé annual interest rate we mustcontinue our calculation and multiply by 12.Therefore: x 12 « 21.54910177An annual rate of 21.5% is what's needed.
Payments on Savings with Inital Deposit(Savings)
E3 ES CQ3 Q H133 ESî EEDIn thé last example we illustrated how, with théuse of thé E3 key, annuity problems whichbegan with an initial balance could be accom-plished in one direct key séquence. This basicformula holds true in thé case of sinking funds.
46
Example: A parent has a thirteen year old andwishes to save enough money to put théyoungster into collège four years from now.The parent has $2000 presently in his savingsaccount and needs a total of $10.000 by thétime thé child is 17 years old. The accountpays 7% interest compounded monthly. Whatare thé monthly deposits required to reachthis goal?
Enter:
C icoon
Read: 133.236624
Monthly deposits of $133.24 are required
Présent Value of an Annuity
Earlier in this manual we handled a présentvalue example in which an auto loan was re-quired. Wilhout any starting balance on hand,thé amount of thé loan determined Ihe cost ofthé car you could buy.
47
Given: a) $150 monthly paymentsb) A 3-year period of investmentc) An annual raie of 9%
You were asked to détermine thé présentvalue of thé loan.Il thé same facts existed. but you now hadS2000 with which to make a down payment,you could afford a larger loan to purchase amore expensive car. How much would younow be able lo spend?
Enter:
c 150 362000 |3Read: 6717.020789
Answer: $6717,02
Payments on Loans with Initial Down Payment(Direct réduction loan)
EQ EuEQQID DD 3i EIHUSàExample: Mr. Jones plans to purchase a newboat for $7,000. He is préparée) to make a downpayment of $2000 and finance thé balance at9% over a 3-year period. What will hismonthly payments be?
48
Enter:
H 7000|2 9 Q3£ EŒ]
Read: 158.9986632
Mr. Jones will hâve to pay $159.00 per month.
Deposit for Savings
EJJJThis calculation détermines thé deposit re-quired in a savings account to accumulate adesired future amount after a certain periodof lime, at a given interest rate.
Given: Future value I3flPeriodic deposit Idi'.HNumberof periods dPeriodic interest rate D
Example: A man plans to go abroad in twoyears. The trip will cost $7500. He can affordto save $150 per month towards thé trip.If his bank pays 6% interest compoundedmonthly, how much of an initial deposit mustthé man make in order to save enough tomake thé voyage?
49
Enler:
c 150J3BH D3
Read: 3269.462582Answer: $3269.46
Down Payment on Loans
m Q2QQQS] E12 DQThis calculation finds thé down payment neces-sary to finance an item at a desired interestraie and monthly payment forJJJ periods.
Given: Présent value ET3Periodic payment amount UM1Number of payment periods dPeriodic interest rate D
Example: How large a deposit must you makeon a $100,000 plane to finance thé balance ata 9% annual interest rate for 10years withpayments of $500 per month?
Enter:
c 1 oo ooo nn sooHTn g QJË] COU II
12 x 10Read: 60529.15366
Answer: $60,529.15 down payment.
50
Accrued Interest
IS El D B2S G3JThis calculation finds thé total accrued inter-est (dollar amount) due on a short term loan.
Given: Présent valueNumber of periods •'•Periodic interest rate ••
Example: What is thé accrued interest on a$1000 loan at 20% annual inlerest rate for 100days on a 360/365 day basis?
Enter:
Q J2J iooQ n 022 [22Read: 55.55555556
Based upon a 360 day/year thé accruedinterest is $55.56
_Exchange key tjîï»J $54.79452055
Based upon a 365 day/year thé accruedinterest is $54.79
51
Discounted Note
13 DD 333 DUThis calculation finds thé discounted amount(interest) and thé amount yield on a note forboth 360 and 365 day basis.
Given: The future value of thé bond JLiiljThe number of days to maturity KMThe annual interest rate
Example: What is Ihe discounted amouni on a$10,000 noie maturing in 160 days at6%?
Enter:
c ioooo[S] 160(3 eQQZQEKQRead: 266.6666667
The discounted amount on a 360 day/yearis 266.67
Effective annual yield is determinedon a 360 day/year basis: 6.164% 6.164383562
263.01 36986
6.079939952
The discounted amount on a365 day/year is 263.01
Effective annual yield determinedon a 365 day/year basis: 6.08%
52
MORTGAGES CALCULATION:Payments on a Mortgage: This calculation findsthé monthly payments necessary to amortizea mortgage, and thé total accurate dollaramount of interest paid on thé mortgage.Bob and Molly are thinking of buying a houseand linancing S40.000 of thé pure hase price.Thirty year mortgages are currently availableand their real estate agent has quoted a 9%annual interest rate if they chose to financethé house through him. What will thé monthlymortgage payments be and how much moneywill they pay in interest on thé mortgage?Enter in any order: B3 il fflcompute thé monthly payment|tii'.IJ IjTCîimultiply thé monthly payment by thé numberof months during which payment is made tofind thé tolal coslof thé mortgage x - =and subtract thé mortgage amouni from thistotal - |*J£] IJ1 =Enter:
c 40 ooo|n 9 HHÏI rcnn n30 X 12
Read: 321.8490468, thé monthly payment
X 30 X 12 = 115865.6568thé total cost of thé mortgage
- |33 Q3 = 75865-65683
$75865.00 is thé amount of money paid asinterest on a $40.000. 30 year. 9% mortgage.Bob knows lhat he can secure a 30 year 83/4%mortgage with his bank. How mucn less willthis mortgage cost Bob and what will hismonthly payment be?
53
Enter:
c 40000^ •"• ' ES CEI B30 x 12 Q 022 QSQ
Read: 314.6801623, thé monthly paymentat 8.75% annually.
X 30 X 12 - HH f!?| =73284.85843thé total amount of interest
paid at 8.75%
Rff!B 73284.85845store ihis value
75865.65683 - [ B ~ 2580.798402
Find thé différence in thé amount of interestpaid on thé mortgages.Bob will save $2580.80 by securing thémortgage at his bank.
54
Dépréciation Examples
clining Balance
BHjed on 200^lining balance)
Straight-Line MethodIn this method, thé annual dépréciation allow-ance is uniform throughout thé life of théproperty and is computed as shown below:annual dépréciation
allowancecost of property-salvage value
useful life (in years)
Key Séquence1. Enter depreciable amount. Depreciable
amount is thé cost of thé property lesssalvage value if any. Enter|j| jJJ
2. Press 4- and enter thé useful life (inyears), then enter — to get thé annualdépréciation.
3. Press then — to getdepreciable amount after first year.
4. Continue pressing wg - to obtaindepreciable amountsto^ach subséquentyear.
55
Example 1:Calculate thé depreciable value at year 1 andyear 2 of a 5-unit apartment building costing$90,000 (exclusive of land) depreciated over25 years with no salvage value.
Enter: Read: Explanation:
90000. Depreciablevalue
3600. Annualdépréciation
86400. Depreciablevalue at year 1
82800. Depreciablevalue at year 2
The depreciable value at thé end of a particu-lar year can be obtained without computingthé balance of each preceding year.
56
Key Séquence1. Enter depreciable amount. Press Ij^fjjf] .2. Press T , enter useful life, then press X3. Press SPH . enter number of year for which
depreciable value is desired, then press —
ciable value for given year.5. Press liiflJJJ - to obtain depreciable
value for each subséquent year.
Example 2:Using example 1 again, what is thé depreci-able value at year 10 and year 11?
Enter: Read: Explanation:
90000. Depreciable value
3600. Annual dépréciation
36000.
54000.
50400.
Total dépréciationfor 10years
Deprectable valueat year10
Depreciable valueat year11
Declining Balance Method
Unlike thé straight-line method, this methodallows (or more dépréciation in thé earlieryears and less dépréciation in thé later yearsof thé properly. This is done by taking aconstant percentage of thé depreciableamount for each year to find thé dépréciation.The following examples show calculations tofind thé dépréciation and thé remainingdepreciable value for each year given théfollowing: declining factor. life expectancy,cost and salvage value.
Note: Since a factor is applied each year tothé depreciable value, lull or partial yearholding of thé asset in thé first year aflectsthé lirst year dépréciation.The following two examples show full firstyear holdings:
Key SéquenceTo find dépréciation and remaining depre-ciable value for successive years.1. Enter declining factor
Example: 1.5 for 150% declining balance '2.0 for double declining balance,
etc.Press X , enter 100, then
press T
58
2. Enler useful life, in years. press — EjlI4jJ3. Enler cosl of property. Do not deduct sal-
vage value. Press ES51 E3 to 9ct f i rs 'year dépréciation.
4. Press — to gel depreciable value at yea<5. Pressyg^^ to get dépréciation at
year 2.6. Repeat slep 4 to gel remaining depreciaLL
value for succeeding years.
Note: Since thé salvage value was not de-ducted from thé cost in thé calculations , thébook value is thé remaining depreciable valueThis is not true for thé straight-line methodand sum-oMhe-years'—digits method ofcalculation. There thé salvage value isdeducted from thé cost initially, and there-fore, thé book value is thé sum of thédepreciable value and salvage value.Also. in thé declining balance method. thébook value can never go below thé salvagevalue. When thé remaining depreciable valu-.is less than thé salvage value, thé préviensdepreciable value should be used in calcu-lating thé final year's dépréciation, that is,thé différence between that and thé salvagevalue.
59
Example:Calculate thé dépréciation and remainingdepreciable value at years 1 and 2 for thé5-unit apartment building in example 1{straight-line method section) using 200%declining (double declining) balance.
Enter: Read: Explanation:
1. 2 X 100 -r 200.
25 -
90000mA. -
6. -
7200.
82800.
6624.
76176.
200% decliningbalance
First yeardépréciation
Depreciable valueat year1
Second yeardépréciation
Depreciable valueat year 2
The dépréciation allowance and remainingbalance for a particular year can be calcu-lated without Computing values for eachprecc-ding year.
60
Key Séquence1. C enter year for which dépréciation
and remaining balance are desired.Press — , enter 1, press Q
2. Enter declining factor. press x , enter100, press -r . enter number o( years o(useful life. press =
3. Press +/- Q4. Enter cost. press [ [" y to obtain
remaining dépréciation at beginning ofspecified year.
5. Press - EHEI ES to obtain déprécia-tion for specified year.
6. Press — to obtain depreciable value atend of specified year.
7. Press -_ 1 3 l° obtain dépréciationfor successive year.
8. Repeat items 6 and 7 for values onfollowing years.
9. To skip to another year. press = then,enter specified year, press — , enter 1,
10. Press - 33^ Q to obtain dépréci-ation for that year,
11. Press - 1o obtain remaining depreci-able value.
61
Example 2:Find thé dépréciation and remaining depre-ciable value at years 10. 11 and 15 for thésame property in example 1.
Enter: Read:1 c 10 - 1 n 9.
j +/- n -s.4 90000^3 HH3 m 42494.5227
Remaining depreciable value at year 9
5. - IjWW |Jj 3399.561816
ireciation at year 10
6. - 39094.96088
Depreciable value at year 10
Dépréciation at year 1 1
8. - 35967.36401
Depreciable value at year 11
9. = 15 - ' 280°7.35475
Dépréciation at year 15
11. - 25766.76637
Depreciable value at year 15
62
If thé property is held for less than twelvemonths in thé first year, thé following keyséquence must be used:
Key Séquence1. Enter declinmg factor, press X .enter
100, then pres's •*• .
2. Enter useful life in years, press Q Sd
3. Enter number of months held in lirst year.press -P , enter 12, press -
4. Enler cost. press Œ3 13 to gel firstyear's dépréciation.
5. Press — to get remaining balance atfirst year.
6. Press^^^P ta to obtain second year'sdépréciation.
7. Repeat items 6 and 7 for successive years.
63
Example 3:Find thé book value of a 20 month old caroriginally costing $4500 using 125% declm-ing balance. The car is held for 8 monthsduring thé first year of ownership. Expectedlife is 8 years.
Rend:
125.
15.625
10.41666667
468.754. 4500 E=Sf. ClFirst year's dépréciation
5. - 4031.25
Book value after first year
6.^2E 629.8828125Dépréciation for second Year
7. - 3401.367188Book value after second year
64
Sum-of-the-Years' Digit Method
This method is similar to thé declining bal-ance method in that more dépréciation isallowed in thé earlier years and less dépré-ciation in thé later years of an asset's iife. Tocompute thé dépréciation for a year, usethé formula:
remaining Iife in yearsx depreciable value
sum of years of useful Iife
Key Séquence
1. Press C . enter hfeinyears, press1 x , Iife. -T- 2 Kl x .
2. Enter depreciable value, press SEP xÇffwenter Iife, press = |£|; this givesthé dépréciation at year 1.
•depreciable -alue éf ter year 1
dépréciation at year 2
5. Repeat item 3 to obtain depreciable valueat year 2.
6. Continue items 4 and 5 for successive years.
65
Example 1:Compare values of dépréciation and depre-ciable values at years 1 and 2 between thismethod and both straight-line and decliningbalance.
Enter: Read:
® 25 + 1 X 25 - 2 2Sum of useful years of life.
3.076923077-031/sum of year of useful life.
90000 IW.II x IU*M 276-9230769Store initial value in Memory 1 andmultiply by resuit in Step 2.
i 25 25.Index number of useful years remaining.
'• 6923.076923Solvelor First year
dépréciation.
Subtract Step 5 from initial value storedin Memory 1 (exchange key permits this}to obtain Depreciable Value year 1.Store this in Memory 1.
6646.153846Recall first year dépréciation KJ •Subtract from data in Memory 2 to obtainsecond year dépréciation. Store thisresuit in H register.
- [THïl3fil= Jhfrll 76430.76923Same procédure as Step 6 to obtainDepreciable Value Year 2.
66
Key Séquence1. Press C , enter life. press .IftFl
2. Press + , enter 1, p r e s s X , enter lifein years, press -r 2 Ej Bï x .
3. Enter depreciable value, press x 3•^t*Menter specified year minus 1, press+ /- BEI |:M || x . Thisgives thé dépré-
ciation for given year.
4. Press EH J SPBenter specified vear.press +/- KJJ ;ii»HJ "*" 2 = to getremaining depreciabTe value.
Example 2:Compare again (or year 10 only.
Read: 25.Life i
2. + 1 X 25 4- 2 |JHiJ X
Read: 4430.769231Dépréciation at year 10
Read: 33230.76923Remaining depreciable value at year 10.
67
In addition to being a financial mini-computer,your F4146 is a powerful 2-memory exponen-tial calculator with an x to thé y power key,a percent key and a memory summalion key.
Power Key
The power key raises a base number to apower. Operating ihis function is simplya mal-ter of entering thé base first, then thé ifl key.Next, thé desired power and finally, thé resuitkey = .
The key and thé QQ key are used tosolve root combinations and sum-of-squarescalculations.
Read: Explanation:
144 144. Raisingabase^^ to a fractionEl M4- power is thé
n* sameastakinga0.5 root of thé base.12 (2 1/xcomputes
thé square root)
68
Explanation:
3 1/x computesthé cube root.
Sum-of- Squares
Chain calculations are possible witn thé y"key. Thus, solving a sum-of-squares argumentas a hypolenuse calculation is an easyprocédure.
T> (19)* + (14.1)2 + (8)2 = ?
69
Enter: Read: Explanation:
19 19. Calculate thé square of 19and prépare machine to add
13 2 + 361.
14.1 14.1 Calculate thé square of 14.1,add it to thé square of 19
Q 2 + 559.81 and prépare machine to add
8 8. Calculate thé square of 8.add it to thé previous sub-
Ffl 2 = 623.81 total and détermine théfinal resuit
Finding thé square root of a sum-of-squaresis accomplished by raising thé sum-of-squaresvalue to thé power .5 (2 1 /x power).
In thé above example thé displayed resuit \623.81. To (ind thé square root of this answer:
Enter: Read:
Q 2 QQ = 24.97618866
70
GLOSSARY 0F FINANCIAL TERMS
Accrued Inlerest Interest which has beenearned but not collected.
Add-on Interest Rate In consumer finance,an expression used to describe a type of fi-nance charge. When a loan is made a year'ssimple interest is "added-on" to thé principalamount for each year of thé life of thé loan.
Amortization A planned, fixed réduction ofan amounl over a period of time. This ex-pression includes a number of spécifie prac-tices such as dépréciation, depletion, write-offof intangibles, prepaid expenses and deferredcharges.
Annuity A séries of equal payments made atregular inlervals, i.e,, monthly, yearly.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR) True cost ofa loan expressed as thé annual percentagerate of thé loan. This is now required by U.S.Fédéral Reserve truth-in-lending law.
Bond A long-term promissory note by acompany or institution.
71
Book Value The book value of a companyrefers to thé total assets that company hasminus ils total liabilities.
Chain Discount A séries of discounts expres-sed as percentages.
CompoLind Interest Interest which resultsfrom thé addition of simple interest to a prin-cipal amount applied at periodic intervais.The new total (Principal plus Interest) nowbecomes thé new principal upon which thénext period's interest is computed and applied.
Declining Balance Dépréciation A means ofdetermining thé yearly charge for déprécia-tion. Dépréciation is obtained by applying apredetermined percent factor to thé diminish-ing balance of an asset. It is thé balance aftersubtracting thé prior period's dépréciation.
Declining Factor This is thé déterminant ofthé percent factor to be applied to thé Declin-ing Balance Dépréciation method. The percentor raie of dépréciation is found by dividingthé declining factor by thé asset's life in yearsand converting this resuit to a percentage.(Resuit X 100 = %).
72
Dépréciation A graduai reassessment of anitem to reduce ils value over a predeterminedperiod of time. (Refer lo declining balancedépréciation; sum-of-the-digits, amortization,declining factor.)
Direct Réduction Loan Any loan whose péri-odic payment is determined by calculating théinterest for thé period on thé amount of théprincipal outstanding for that period. The newprincipal is found by subtracting thé remainingamount of thé loan payment that had not beendesignated as interest.
Discount A réduction made from a regular orlist price. (See Mark Down.)
Discounled Note An instrument of futureindebtedness which has been negotiated foran amount of présent value less than its facevalue. The différence between ils face valueand its présent value is thé interest or discountpayment.
Effective Rate The effective rate is that per-centage of interesl computed against thécurrent market vaiue of an original investment.It is commonly slated as an annual percent,
Effective Yield (See Effective Rate.)
73
Finance Charge The cost of a consumer loanexpressed in dollar amount. It can be foundby subtracting thé amount originally borrowed(rom ihe actual amount to be repaid.
Future Value A total derived from thé repeatedcornpounding of a predetermined periodicinterêsl rate on a présent value over a spécifienumber of periods. (See Compound Interest.)
M
Markup This is thé percentage or dollaramount that is added to thé cost of goods todétermine a selling priée.
Markdown That amount discounted from théoriginal selling price. It may be expressed indollars or as a percentage. (See Discount.}
Maturity Termination ot thé penoa tnai anobligation has to run.
Mean A value which represents thé averagevalue between two or more quantities. It isobtained by adding thé quantities and dividingthé total by thé number ot quantities.
74
Mean Déviation The average of thé absolutevalues of thé numerical différences betweenthé numbers of a set (as in statistical data)and their mean.
Mortgage A conveyance of property (as secur-ity for a loan} on condition that thé conveyancebecomes void on payment or performance inaccordance with stipulaled terms.
N
Nominal Rate A rate of interest commonlydivided by thé number of periodic paymentsfor compounding to thus yield a higher ef-fective rate.
Note A written promise to pay a debt on agiven date.
Percent (Part ol a hundred) Derived by mul-tiplying a décimal fraction by 100.
Percentage (Part of a whole expressed inhundredths) Derived from multiplying anynumber by a percent.
75
Periodic Payment The discharge of a mone-tary obligation through a séries of paymentsmade on a prescribed schedule.
Présent Value The ciment worth of property.commodity or pecuniary obligalion. Given acompound interest rate and thé life of an obli-gation, Ihe présent value of future obligationcar be obtained.
Principal A capital sum placed at a giveninterest rate; as in a debt or investment.
Rate (See Compound Rate, Nominal Rate,Percent)
Rule ol 78's A method of Computing thé un-earned interest or finance charges at anypoint in time, using sum-of-the-digits as abase. (See Sum-of-the-digits Amortization).It is generally used to compute thé interest orfinance charge rebate when thé borrowing isrepaid prior to maturity date.
Simple Interest A one time interest ratecharged to thé principal amount of a loan.{See Compound Interest.)
76
Sinking Fund A fijnd set up with money in-vested at regular intervais for paying off aparticular debt when it falls due; i.e., thésettlement date.
Standard Déviation That degree of différencearound a mean. (See mean déviation.)
Sum-of-the-Digits Amortization A periodicréduction of any fixed amount based on trienumber of periods over which amortization islo be taken. The remaining balance at thé endof each period is computed by multiplying théoriginal amount by a fraction consisting of thésum of thé total periods as thé denominatorand thé sum of periods remaining as thénumerator. Assuming a 10 year life, thé annualamortization is computed using a denomina-tor of 55 (thé sum of 10, 9, 8, 7, etc.) and anumerator of 10 for thé first year, 9 for thésecond, etc.
77
APPENDIX A
Rechargeable Battery
AC OpérationConnect thé charger to any standard electricaloutlet and plug thé Jack into thé Calculator.Atter thé above connections hâve been made,thé power switch may be turned "ON." (Whileconnected !o AC. thé batteries are automatic-ally charging whether thé power switch is"ON" or "OFF.")
Battery OpérationDisconnect thé charger cord and push thépower switch. "ON," an interlock switch in thécalculator socket will prevent battery opérationif thé jack remains connected. With normal usea full battery charge can be expected to supplyabout 2 to 3 hours of working lime.
Wfien thé battery is low, figures on displaywill dim. Do not continue battery opération,this indicates thé need for a battery charge.Use of thé calculator can be continued duringthé charge cycle.
Battery ChargingSimply follow thé same procédure as in ACopération. The calculator may be used duringthé charge period. However, doing so in-creases thé lime required to reach full charge.If a power cell has compietely discharged. thécalculator should not be operated on batterypower until il has been recharged for at least3 hours, unless otherwise mstructcd by a not-ice accompanymg your machine. Batteries willreach full efficiency after 2 or 3 charge cycles.
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APPEND1X A
Use proper Commodore/CBM adapter-recharger for AC opération and recharging.
Adapter 640 or 707 North America
Adapter 708 England
Adapter 709 West Germany
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APPENDIX B
Low PowerIf battery is low calculator will:a. Oisplay will appear erraticb. Display will dimc. Display will fail to accept numbers
If one or ail of thé above conditions occur,you may check for a low battery condition byenlering a séries of 8's. If 8's fail to appear,opérations should not be continued on batterypower. Unit may be operated on AC power.See battery charging explanation. If machinecontinues to be inoperative see guaranteesection.
CAUTIONA strong static discharge will damage yourmachine.
Shipping Instructions:A détective machine should be returned to théauthorized service center nearest you.See listing of service centers.
Température Range
Mode
OperalingChargingStorage
Température °C
0° to 50°10° to 40°
-40° to 55°
Température °F
32° to 122°50° to 104°
-40° to 131°
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APPENDIXC
Guarantee
Your new electronic calculator carries aparts and labor guarantee for one year fromdate o( purchase.
We reserve thé right to repair a damagedcomponent, replace il entirely, or, if necessary.exchange your machine.
If you own a portable calculator which usesan AC adapter, thé adapter must be returnedwith your machine when service is required.
In order to receive free service under thîsguarantee at a Commodore Service Center,you are required to pay ail postage, shippingand insurance charges when returning yourcalculator to thé Commodore Service Centerand enclose a check or money order for $2.50to cover handling charge, return postage andinsurance.
This guarantee is valid only when a copy ofyour original sales slip or similar proof of pur-chase accompanies your détective machine.
This guarantee applies only to thé originalowner. It dpes not cover damage or malfunc-tîons resulting from fire, accident, neglect,abuse or other causes beyond our control.
The guarantee does not cover thé repair orreplacement of plastic housings or transformersdamaged by thé use of improper voltage. Nordoes il cover thé replacement of expendableaccessories and disposable batteries.
The guarantee will also be automaticallyvoided if your machine is repaired or tamperedwith by any unauthorized person or agency.
This guarantee supersedes. and is in lieu of.ail other guaranlees whether expressed orimplied.
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Soles andServiceCentersCommodore Business Machines, Inc.390 Reed Street.Santa Clara. Calilornia 95050
Commodore Business Machines, (Canada) Ltd.946 Warden AvenueScarborough. Ontario
CBM Business Machines LimitedEaglesclitle Industrial EslaleStocklon onTeesCieveland CountyT51BOPNEngland
Commodore Buromaschînen GmbH6Q7S SprendlingenRobert-Boscn-Str. 12AWest Germany
Commodore Japan Ltd.Taisei-Denshi Bldg.8-H, Ikue 1-ChomeAsahi-Ku. Osaka 535
Commodore France S. A.Departmentale M14Zone Industrielle06510 Garros. France
Commodore Switzerland S.A.Bahntiotstr 29-31, 2 StockPostfach 666. 5001 Aarau
Pnnled m U.S A.