common bean disease workshop on angular leaf spot and...

Common Bean Disease Workshop on Angular Leaf Spot

and Root Rots

Session 2: Angular Leaf Spot Breeding and

Genetics Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South Africa.

July 20-24, 2015

Status resistance levels to Angular Leaf Spot disease for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity

in Burundi. Authors:

Eric Nduwarugira1 and Susan Nchimbi-Msolla2, Capitoline Ruraduma1, Népomuscène

Ntukamazina1, Jean Berchmans Bizimana3 and Béatrice Nijimbere1

. Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South

Africa. July 20-24, 2015

Abstract

• Common beans are important grain legume in East Africa countries.

• In Burundi beans are among major staple food, they are consumed on a daily basis.

• However, bean production is mostly constrained by both biotic such as diseases and abiotic stresses.

• This study has been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Angular leaf spot disease on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in three locations of Burundi where the score was done based on lesion symptoms.

Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South Africa. July 20-24, 2015

Abstract cont… • The study was carried out during 2013A and 2013B

cropping seasons in Gisozi, Murongwe and Moso research stations located in high, middle and low land, respectively.

• In each site, eight bean varieties were evaluated on their susceptibility to high natural pressure of Angular Leaf Spot disease.

• Results indicated that the prevalence of the studied disease was found in most of locations and most of the genotypes showed low to moderate susceptibility.


Abstract cont… • The disease seems to be important in the middle

and high lands as well during the first and the second cropping seasons.

• On the other hand, the studied disease was not constraining the crop through cropping seasons and locations.

• The studied genotypes can be used as parents while breeding for resistance to Angular Leaf Spot disease.

• In the future, there is a need to do disease characterisation in order to identify whether Phaeosariopsis griseola has different strains in Burundi.

Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South


Introduction • Among the five domesticated species of

Phaseolus, the common bean (P. vulgaris) is the most widely grown, occupying more than 85% of production area sown to all Phaseolus species in the world

• Bean crop is also an important staple food crop in Burundi grown by a wide range of small-scale farmers.

• Bean grains form an important part of daily diet providing 20% of required calories and 50% of proteins


Introduction cont…

• The crop is playing a significant role in smallholder economy being an imperative source of proteins and income as cash crop.

• Bean is grown in all agroecological zones of Burundi: low, middle and high altitude zone differering in soil types and rainfall amount

• Despite the importance and role of common beans, the major reasons for low production in Burundi is due to biotic and abiotic factors

• These conditions have led to low agricultural productivity by the smallholder farmers


Introduction cont… • The low bean yields in developing countries are

due to a lack of effective diseases management practices including the lack of disease resistant cultivars

• When such cultivars are available, they are not integrated in the disease management packages

• In Burundi, the major bean diseases include angular leaf spot, common bacterial blight, halo blight, bean common mosaic virus and root rot

• These challenges led to low and unstable yields Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South


Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of Angular leaf spot disease in the low, middle and high altitude of Burundi.


Materials and Methods

• The study was conducted at ISABU research institute in Burundi

• Cropping trials were conducted in three locations during the first and the second cropping seasons of year 2013

• Experiments were carried out on research stations of Moso, Gisozi and Murongwe.


Materials and Methods cont… • Seven biofort genotypes from CIAT and one

biofort local variety adapted considered as control were used in the experiment

• The experiment laid out in split plot design in each location and was replicated three times.

• The spacing was considered as main plot • genotypes were considered as sub plot. • Three spacing were used at each location in

order to create nine micro environments.


Materials and Methods cont… • 100Kg/ha of DAP (18-46-0) and 50Kg/ha of KCl

(60-0-0), 10 tons/ha of organic manure were applied as fertilizer at sowing

• Two weeds control were done by using a hoe and by removing weeds with a hand

• During the phenological stage R7 (pod filling), disease severity and incidence were assessed based on lesion symptoms of the leaves using the scoring system from 1- 9 described by CIAT (1987)


Materials and Methods cont…

• The collected data were statistically analyzed for each location using WindoStat version 8.5 computer software

• The statistical model for each location was: Yijkl

= µ + ri+ αk + rαik +γl +αγkl + εijkl


Results and discussion


Analysis of variance for angular leaf spot in Gisozi, Murongwe and Moso sites

Source of variation DF 2013A 2013B

S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS

Replication 2 10.43*** 0.79** 0.01 3.60*** 1.01** 0.06

Spacing 2 0.68 1.04** 0.72 0.35 0.18 0.18

Error (A) 4 0.58 0.15 0.47 0.18 0.18 0.14

Genotypes 7 1.75** 0.63 0.33 2.74*** .20*** 1.17 ***

Spacing*Genotype 14 0.5 0.31 0.13 0.13 0.23 0.2

Error (B) 42 0.43 0.33 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.22

Total 71 0.87 0.38 0.24 0.52 0.34 0.3

CV (%) 25.74 12.19 14.63 10.54 13.46 14.26


• In most of the sites and cropping seasons, significant differences were observed among genotypes for their susceptibility to ALS except Murongwe and Moso during 2013A.

• Significant differences were also observed in Murongwe site between plant population densities (spacing) during 2013A

• significant differences of the analysis of variance across locations in both 2013A and 2013B indicated the fluctuation of genotypes in their responses in various environments on ALS disease


• In both seasons, results showed significant differences at different levels of significance on ALS disease

• The differential responses of genotypes on disease incidences over location indicated that environmental factors were not the same.

• One of the most important factors that contributed to the variation was perhaps differences in their altitude, genetic, climatic and edaphic factors.


• This observation is in agreement with Van-Schoonhoven and Pastor-Corrales (1987) who reported that beans are generally characterized by their instable yields resulting from biological, climatic and edaphic factors which affect plant growth and productivity.


Genotypes 15cm x 40cm 20cm x 40cm 40cm x 40cm Mean

S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS

KAB06F2-8-53 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 3a 5a 3a

KAB06F2-8-24 3 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 3 3a 5a 3a

KAB06F2-8-78 2 5 3 2 5 4 2 4 3 2b 5a 3a

KAB06F2-8-135 2 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 3a 4b 3a

KAB06F2-8-22 2 5 3 2 5 3 2 4 3 2b 5a 3a

KAB10F2-8-136 2 5 3 3 5 4 2 5 3 3a 5a 3a

KAB06F2-8-13 3 5 3 2 5 3 2 4 3 2b 5a 3a

GLP2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 5 3 3a 4b 3a

Mean 3a 5a 3a 2a 5a 3a 3a 5a 3a 3 5 3a

SE 0.2 0.1 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

CV (%) 29.8 9.9 3.3 42.7 13.3 17.1 37.8 14.7 11.8 36.7 12.6 15.1


Disease reaction of eight bean genotypes at three plant spacing during 2013A

Genotypes 15cm x 40cm 20cm x 40cm 40cm x 40cm Mean

S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS ALS

KAB06F2-8-53 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3d 4ab 3.0ab

KAB06F2-8-24 5 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 5a 4ab 4.0a

KAB06F2-8-78 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4bc 4ab 4.0a

KAB06F2-8-135 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4bc 3b 3.0ab

KAB06F2-8-22 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4bc 3b 3.0ab

KAB10F2-8-136 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 4 5a 4ab 3.0ab

KAB06F2-8-13 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4bc 3b 4.0a

GLP2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3d 3b 3.0ab

Mean 4a 4a 3.0a 4a 3a 3.0a 4a 3a 3.0a 4 3 3

SE 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

CV (%) 19.8 14 20.5 18 14.7 14.5 16.7 21 14.7 18.2 16.6 16.6 Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South


Disease reaction of eight bean genotypes at three plant spacing during 2013B

• Disease reaction was moderate for most of the diseases ranging from 2-5 in both cropping seasons

• According to the standard system for evaluation of bean germplasm (Van-Schoonhoven and Pastor-Corrales, 1987), genotypes showed resistance to intermediate reaction to ALS

• Similarly, between plant population densities results also showed resistance to intermediate reaction to ALS


• ALS was found in low, middle and high altitude of Burundi (770-2200m asl) at different level

• Our results are in agreement with the findings of Gómez, (2004) who stated that angular leaf spot is an important bean disease at both lower and higher altitudes

• The disease was not constraining the crop in both cropping seasons and locations

• It seems to be important in the middle and high altitude as well in the first and the second cropping season Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South


Conclusion


• Angular leaf spot disease is the most disease observed on the leaves and it is particularly found in the middle altitude (1400-1700m) of Burundi

• The rate of incidence was low in the most of the location where the study was conducted

• Most of the genotypes evaluated showed resistance to intermediate reaction to Angular Leaf Spot;

• Hence the genotypes can therefore be used as parents while breeding for resistance to Angular Leaf Spot disease.

Protea Hotel Kruger Gate, Skukuza, South


Acknowledgements


Thank you for your attention


common bean disease workshop on angular leaf spot and...

Documents