COMMUNICABLE DISEASE & ITS PREVENTIONDr.TAMILVANAN MANI MPT Ortho,MBA Sports

DiseaseIT IS A TERM FOR AN ABNORMAL CONDITION THAT IMPAIRS THE NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY.

Disease causesDISCOMFORT, DYSFUNCTION, DISTRESS AND DEATH AND OTHER UNUSUAL VARIATIONS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS.

TYPES OF DISEASES:COMMUNICABLE/CONTAGIOUS

THESE ARE INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAPABLE OF PASSING FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHERNON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASEARE THOSE DISEASES WHICH ARE NOT INFECTIOUS WHICH MAY RESULT FROM GENETICS OR LIFESTYLE.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASESAN ILLNESS DUE TO A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS AGENT OR ITS TOXIC PRODUCTS CAPABLE OF BEING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TRANSMITTED FROM MAN TO MAN,ANIMAL TO MAN OR FROM THE ENVIRONMENT (AIR,DUST,SOIL,WATER,FOOD) TO MAN.

MORBIDITY vs. MORTALITYMORBIDITY- REFERS TO THE DEGREE OF SEVERITY OF A DISEASE.

MORTALITY- IS THE QUALITY OR CONDITION OF BEING MORTAL; THE TERM IS USUALLY USED TO DETERMINE THE MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF DEATHS.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSIONINDIRECT TRANSMISSION

MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONDIRECT CONTACTDROPLET INFECTIONCONTACT WITH SOILINOCULATION INTO SKIN OR MUCOSATRANSPLACENTAL (VERTICAL)

MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONDIRECT CONTACTSKIN TO SKIN.MUCOSA TO MUCOSA.MUCOSA TO SKIN.

OF THE SAME PERSON OR DIFFERENT PERSON.

EG-STD, AIDS, LEPROSY, SKIN AND EYE INFECTIONS.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONDROPLET INFECTION

DIRECT PROJECTION OF A SPRAY OF DROPLETS OF SALIVA AND NASO-PHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS DURING COUGHING, SNEEZING OR SPEAKING TO THE SURROUNDING ATMOSPHERE.EG: RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, DIPHTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, TB, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS.

DROPLET SPRAYED INTO THE AIR FROM A SNEEZE

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONCONTACT WITH SOIL

EG: HOOKWORM LARVA, TETANUS.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONINOCULATION INTO SKIN OR MUCOSA

EG: RABIES, INFECTED NEEDLES.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSIONTRANSPLACENTAL (VERTICAL)

EG: SYPHILIS, AIDS

INDIRECT TRANSMISSIONVEHICLE-BORNE.VECTOR-BORNE mosquitoesAIR-BORNE.FOMITE-BORNE.UNCLEAN HAND AND FINGER.

INDIRECT TRANSMISSIONTRADITIONALLY 5FS

FLIESFINGERFOMITEFOODFLUIDS

VEHICLE-BORNE.WATER (MC)FOODICEBLOOD, SERUM, TISSUES AND ORGANSFOMITE-BORNE. INANIMATE ARTICLE OR SUBSTANCES OTHER THAN WATER OR FOOD CONTAMINATED BY INFECTIOUS AGENTS

COMMUNICABLE DISEASESRESPIRATORY INFECTIONS:CHICKEN POX.MEASLES.MUMPS.RUBELLA.INFLUENZA.

DIPHTHERIA.MENINGITIS.WHOOPING COUGH.TB.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASESINTESTINAL INFECTIONS:POLIOMYELITIS.VIRAL HEPATITIS.ACUTE DIARRHOEAL

DISEASE.TYPHOID FEVER.CHOLERA.

FOOD POISONING.AMOEBIASIS.

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COMMUNICABLE DISEASESARTHROPOD-BORNE DISEASESMALARIADENGUE.FILARIASIS.

ZOONOSIS:VIRALRABIES.AVIAN FLU.

BACTERIALLEPTOSPIROSIS.BRUCELLOSIS.HUMAN SALMONELLOSIS.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASESSURFACE INFECTIONS:TETANUSLEPROSYAIDSSTD

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS.

Disease Prevention And ControlWASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN.GET VACCINATED.USE ANTIBIOTICS SENSIBLY. STAY AT HOME IF YOU HAVE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF AN INFECTION. BE SMART ABOUT FOOD PREPARATION.PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO CLEANING THE 'HOT ZONES' IN YOUR HOME. DON'T SHARE PERSONAL ITEMS. TRAVEL WISELY. KEEP YOUR PETS HEALTHY.

ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES A) CONTROLLING THE RESERVOIRA. EARLY DIAGNOSIS PRECISE TREATMENTEPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION- STUDY TIME PLACE & PERSON DISTRIBUTION OF THE DISEASE ANDFOR INSTITUTION OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES. B.NOTIFICATION C. ISOLATION D. QUARANTINE

ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING COMMUNICABLE DISEASESB) INTERRUPTION OF TRANSMISSIONBREAKING THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSIONC) SUSCEPTIBLE HOSTA. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION.B. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATIONC. COMBINED ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION.D) NON-SPECIFIC MEASURESBETTER HOUSING, WATER-SUPPLY, SANITATION. NUTRITION AND EDUCATION.LEGISLATIVE MEASURES- TO FORMULATE AND EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES.

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1.ECONOMYPOVERTY USUALLY IS A SOURCE OF ILLNESS BECAUSE OF DEPRIVATION OF MEDICAL ATTENTION FOR ITS HIGH COST.2.CULTURECULTURAL OR TRADITIONAL BELIEFS HINDERS MEDICAL ATTENTION. CONSULTING FROM QUESTIONABLE MEDICAL PRACTICES BY QUACK DOCTORS, FAITH HEALERS AND OTHER FAKE HEALERS HOLDS BACK PROPER MEDICAL PROCEDURES3.ENVIRONMENTPOTENTIAL CAUSES OF DEATH AND ILLNESS DEPENDS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENT AND INDIVIDUAL.

POLITICS HAS GREAT EFFECT ON ILLNESS AND DEATH OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR THE WHOLE COMMUNITY. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS HAVE A BIG RESPONSIBILITY REGARDING PROGRAMS LIKE HOSPITALS, HEALTH CARE AND HEALTH CENTERS.

POSSIBLY, EDUCATION OR INFORMATION HAS THE BIGGEST EFFECT ON DEATH AND ILLNESS.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

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COMMUNICABLE/INFECTIOUS DISEASESTHESE ARE ILLNESSES SOURCED FROM PATHOGENS WHICH SPREAD FROM LINING THING TO ANOTHER. PATHOGENS CAN ENTER THE BODY THROUGH DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT CAUSING ILLNESSES LIKE INFLUENZA.

It is a biological agent that causes diseases or illness to its host.These are organisms, frequently microorganisms, or components of these organisms which include various species of bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

TYPES OF PATHOGENS:BACTERIARICKETTSIAEPROTOZOAPARASITICWORMSFUNGIVIRUS

DESCRIPTIONSINGLE-CELLED MICROORGANISMSMOST ARE BENEFICIAL BUT CLOSE TO A HUNDRED TYPES ARE KNOWN TO CAUSE DISEASESOME RELEASE POISONOUS SUBSTANCESDISEASESTUBERCULOSIS, STREP THROAT, DIPHTHERIA, WHOOPING COUGH, MENINGOCOCCEMIA, CHOLERA, MENINGITIS, SYPHILISBACTERIA

DESCRIPTIONSMALLEST KNOWN PATHOGEN INFECTING CELLS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMSUNABLE TO REPRODUCE ON THEIR OWN, IT REPLICATES THROUGH INFECTING HOST CELLSDISEASESCOMMON COLD, MEASLES, RABIES, POLIO, MUMPS, INFLUENZA, SARS, HEPATITIS, CHICKEN POX, HIVVIRUS

DESCRIPTIONSINGLE CELLED OR MULTI-CELLED PARASITIC ORGANISMS WHICH CAN LIVE ON SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND LUNGSOBTAIN FOOD FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS SUCH AS PLANT, ANIMALS OR HUMAN TISSUE.DISEASESATHLETES FOOT, RINGWORM AND TINEA FLAVA OR AN-ANFUNGI

DESCRIPTIONGROWS INSIDE LIVING CELLS AND RESEMBLES BACTERIACARRIED AS PARASITES SUCH AS TICKS, FLEAS AND LICE

DISEASESSPOTTED FEVER

RICKETTSIAE

DESCRIPTIONTINY, SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS PRODUCING TOXINSREPRODUCE FAST THROUGH SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL WAYS

DISEASESMALARIA

PROTOZOA

DESCRIPTIONHELMINTHSLARGEST PATHOGEN THAT CAN ENTER THE BODY

DISEASESTAPEWORM, HOOKWORM, PINWORM, ROUNDWORM

WORMLIKE ORGS. LIVING AND FEEDING IN LIVING HOSTS WHILE DISRUPTING THE NUTRIENTS ABSORPTION OF THEIR HOSTS, CAUSING WEAKNESS AND DISEASE

PARASITICWORMS

CHAIN OF INFECTION:Causative AgentReservoirPortal of exitMode of transmissionPortal of entrySusceptible host

CAUSATIVE AGENT (INFECTIOUS AGENT)IT IS A MICROBIAL ORGANISM WITH THE ABILITY TO CAUSE DISEASE.EXAMPLE: BACTERIA, VIRUS, FUNGI AND PARASITES.

ReservoirIT IS A PLACE WHERE MICROORGANISMS CAN THRIVE AND REPRODUCE.MICROORGANISMS CAN THRIVE IN HUMAN BEINGS, ANIMALS AND INANIMATE OBJECTS SUCH AS WATER, TABLE TOPS AND DOOR KNOBS.

Portal of Exit or Mode of ExitIT IS A PLACE OF EXIT PROVIDING A WAY FOR A MICROORGANISM TO LEAVE THE RESERVOIR.PRINCIPAL PORTALS OF EXIT ARE: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, URINARY SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND THE BLOOD.

Mode of TransmissionIT IS A METHOD OF TRANSFER BY WHICH THE MICROORGANISM MOVES OR IS CARRIED FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER OR FROM RESERVOIR TO A SUSCEPTIBLE HOST.

Portal of EntryIT MAY BE ANY OPENING ALLOWING THE MICROORGANISM TO ENTER THE HOST.IT IS WITHIN THE SAME SYSTEM OF PORTALS OF EXIT.

Susceptible HostIT IS AN INDIVIDUAL WHO CANNOT RESIST A MICROORGANISM INVADING THE BODY, MULTIPLYING AND RESULTING INFECTION.HOST- A PERSON SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASE, LACKING PHYSICAL RESISTANCE TO OVERCOME THE INVASION OF THE PATHOGENIC ORGANISM.

COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COLD- MOST COMMON INFECTIOUS DISEASEINFLUENZA- VIRAL INFECTION

PNEUMONIA INFECTION IN THE LUNGS BY VIRUSES, BACTERIA AND OTHER PATHOGENS.( CHEST PAIN)

CHICKEN POXSMALL RED SPOTS THAT BECOME BLISTERS/ SCABS13- 17 DAYSEARLY STAGE OF RUPTURE OF BLISTERS

MEASLESLONG LASTING COUGH IN THE MORNINGSLIGHT FEVER IN THE AFTERNOONSWEATING AT NIGHTCHEST AND BACK PAINPALE SKINHOARSE VOICE

STREP THROATSORE THROAT, FEVER, NAUSEA, VOMITING HIGH FEVER AND MUSCLE ACHE

MUMPSSPREADS THROUGH SALIVAPAROTID SALIVARY GLANDSFEVER, SWELLING AND PAIN

BODY DEFENSESFirst Line of DefenseSKINTINY HAIRMUCOUS MEMBRANE

Second Line of DefenseWHITE BLOOD CELLSINFLAMMATION

THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE

ANTIBODIESACTIVE IMMUNITYPASSIVE IMMUNITY

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