communicable disease report

8/10/2019 Communicable Disease Report

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Communicable Disease


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Introduction:

Communicable Diseases is one of

the major public health problems

in the Philippines. Most of theleading causes of morbidity in the

Philippines are attributed tocommunicable diseases.


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Top 10 causes of morbidity

Rank Diseases Rate per 100, 000 population

1 Acute Respiratory

infection

1, 203.0

2 Acute lower RI and

pneumonia

612.6

3 Bronchitis 380.7

4 Hypertension 366.3

5 Acute watery

diarrhea

354.5

6 Influenza 297.7

7 UTI 91.0

8 TB 80.9

9 Accidents 54.9

10 Injuries 38.9


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TUBERCULOSIS:

TB is one of the oldest and

deadly disease worldwide

(Enarson, 2000).

WHO reported that 9 million

new cases of TB in 2011, 1.4million TB death


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Etiology:

Causative agents:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. africanum

Mode of transmission:

Airborne droplet

Incubation Period:

4-6 weeks


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Signs and symptoms:

Fever

Loss of appetite

Easy fatigability Night sweats

Dry cough

Later productive with hemoptysis, chest pain


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Prevention

Consider immunizations for:

Influenza

Hepatitis A

Chicken pox


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Management:

People with latent TB infection should be

evaluated for a course of preventive therapy,

which usually includes taking antituberculosis

medication for several months. People withactive TB disease must complete a course of

treatment for six months or more. Initial

treatment includes at least four anti-TB drugs,

and medications may be altered based on

laboratory test results.


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The exact medication plan must be determined by

a physician. Directly observed therapy (DOT)

programs are recommended for all TB patients to

help them complete their therapy.


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Viral Hepatitis


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Hepatitis A

Fecal-oral contact

Children, young adults

Most infections subclinical or

very mild

Does not cause chronic liverdisease or carrier state


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Hepatitis B

Parenteral transmission (blood,

dirty needles)

Sexual transmission

Can cause liver failure, necrotic

cirrhosisCan cause carrier state


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Viral Hepatitis

Signs/Symptoms

Anorexia

Malaise

Nausea, vomiting

Fever

Joint pain

Dark urine, jaundice


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Viral Hepatitis

Vaccine, immune serum globulin

available for both A and B


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Meningitis


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Meningitis

Inflammation of membranes

covering brain, spinal cord

Bacteria, viruses, fungi

Bacterial forms most serious


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Bacterial Meningitis

Signs/Symptoms

Headache

Nausea Fever

Stiff neck

Rapid progression to delirium,

coma, seizures


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Neissera meningitidis

Petechiae

Ecchymosis

Septic shock


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Avoid contact with oral secretions

Not transmissible by breathing same

air as patient

If close contact occurs, Rifampin

600mg bid 2d


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HIV/AIDS


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Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome (AIDS)

Viral infection Human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Damage to helper T cells suppressesimmune system


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AIDS

Recurring opportunistic infections

Pneumocystis car inipneumonia

Kaposis sarcoma

Candida albicans


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HIV/AIDS

Transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal

secretions

Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will notcause infection

Cannot be transmitted by casual contact

Wash hands, wear gloves, needleprecautions

communicable disease report

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