COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION AND IT`S MODELIT`S MODEL

PREPARED BYPREPARED BYSACHIN SAHU SACHIN SAHU B.F.Sc. 3B.F.Sc. 3rdrd year year

College of fisheries kawardha, College of fisheries kawardha, Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh

What is CommunicationWhat is Communication??It is a dynamic process of sending and It is a dynamic process of sending and receiving messages to share meanings.receiving messages to share meanings. exchange of idea, information, feelings and exchange of idea, information, feelings and knowledge.knowledge. originated from Latin word “communis” that originated from Latin word “communis” that means common.means common.

DefinitionDefinition According to Leagan's (1961)According to Leagan's (1961) communication is a process by communication is a process by

which two or more peoples which two or more peoples exchange their ideas ,facts, exchange their ideas ,facts, feelings or impressions in such a feelings or impressions in such a way that each gains a common way that each gains a common understanding of the meaning, understanding of the meaning, intent and use of message.intent and use of message.

According to Rogers and According to Rogers and Shoemaker (1971)Shoemaker (1971)

communication is a process in communication is a process in which the message is transformed which the message is transformed from a source to receiver.from a source to receiver.

TYPES OF TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Verbal – Verbal – usingusing

words(words(speakingspeaking))– ListeningListening

Non-VerbalNon-Verbal– appearanceappearance– gesturesgestures– body body

movementmovement– eye contacteye contact– spatial spatial

relationsrelations

PRINCIPLES OF PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICTIONCOMMUNICTION

There are 5 principles of communication –There are 5 principles of communication –a)a) Communication is transactional because it Communication is transactional because it

involves an exchange.involves an exchange.b)b) Communication is complex process.Communication is complex process.c)c) it is unavoidable because it is impossible to it is unavoidable because it is impossible to

not communicate.not communicate.d)d) It is a continuous process.It is a continuous process.e)e) Communication skill can be learned because Communication skill can be learned because

it can always be improved.it can always be improved.

Level of communicationLevel of communication1.1. Extra personal communication-Extra personal communication- communication between human communication between human

beings and non-human entities.beings and non-human entities. example- your parrot responding your example- your parrot responding your

greeting. greeting. In this type of communication In this type of communication

understanding is required between understanding is required between sender and receiver.sender and receiver.

Receiver responds in sign language.Receiver responds in sign language.

2.2. Intrapersonal Intrapersonal communicationcommunication

Communication takes place within Communication takes place within the individuals.the individuals.

Shelf talk, inner speech, mental Shelf talk, inner speech, mental conversation.conversation.

It is the basis on our feelings, and It is the basis on our feelings, and beliefs beliefs

Example-when we make decision. Example-when we make decision.

3.3. Interpersonal Interpersonal communication communication

Communication takes place within Communication takes place within or among more than two people.or among more than two people.

Face to face communication.Face to face communication. Through this kind of communication Through this kind of communication

we maintain relationships.we maintain relationships. Example- student-teacher Example- student-teacher

discussion , talking with friends etc.discussion , talking with friends etc.

4.4. Organizational Organizational communicationcommunication

Communication takes place in an Communication takes place in an organization at different organization at different hierarchical level.hierarchical level.

Example- family Example- family

5.5. Mass communication Mass communication Communication through mass Communication through mass

media. It covers no. of people at a media. It covers no. of people at a time.time.

A mediator is required to transmit A mediator is required to transmit the information.the information.

Example- TV, radio, newspaper, Example- TV, radio, newspaper, journals etc. journals etc.

AIMS of good AIMS of good communicationcommunication

AA= attracts the receiver and holds = attracts the receiver and holds their attention.their attention.

II= informs the people in simple = informs the people in simple language.language.

MM= motivate the people to do = motivate the people to do something.something.

SS= satisfy the needs of receiver.= satisfy the needs of receiver.

Elements of Elements of communicationcommunication

Sender - SpeakerSender - Speaker Receiver - ListenerReceiver - Listener MessagesMessages FeedbackFeedback EncodingEncoding DecodingDecoding InterferenceInterference

Channels ofChannels of CommunicationCommunication

Channels are the senses we use in Channels are the senses we use in communication. Eg.communication. Eg. Hear ,See ,Touch.Hear ,See ,Touch.

channels are the communication channels are the communication mediummedium..

Classification of the Classification of the channelchannel

AccordinAccording to formg to form

SpokenSpoken writtenwritten

According to According to nature of person nature of person involvedinvolved

Personal localitiesPersonal localities Personal Personal

cosmopolitecosmopolite Impersonal Impersonal

cosmopolitecosmopolite

According to contact with peopleIndividualGroup mass

Process of communicationProcess of communication

Sender

Receiver Decision Action

Channel Message

feedback phase

Feedback

transmission phase

TRANSFER OF INFORMATION THROUGH TRANSFER OF INFORMATION THROUGH COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Reading16%

Writing9% Speaking

30%

Listening45%

Model of communicationModel of communication Several communication model is Several communication model is

given by different persons.given by different persons.A.A. Aristotle model (384-322 B.C.)Aristotle model (384-322 B.C.)-- According to Aristotle According to Aristotle

communication has 3 ingredients.communication has 3 ingredients.1.Speaker 2.Speech 3. Audience 1.Speaker 2.Speech 3. Audience

Shannon Weaver model Shannon Weaver model (1949)(1949)

It is a visual model relation to It is a visual model relation to electronic media.electronic media.

Also known as mathematical Also known as mathematical theory of communication.theory of communication.

This model have 5 key This model have 5 key components.components.

Berlo's model(1960)Berlo's model(1960) Also known as SMCR model.Also known as SMCR model. It has 6 ingredients.It has 6 ingredients.

Leagan's model(1961)Leagan's model(1961) According to Leagan's model According to Leagan's model

communication process has communication process has 6elements.6elements.

1.1. CommunicatorCommunicator2.2. MessageMessage3.3. ChannelChannel4.4. TreatmentTreatment5.5. Audience Audience 6.6. Response(feedback).Response(feedback).

Schramm`s model(1964)Schramm`s model(1964) In this model there must be a source, In this model there must be a source,

source must be encode a signal and a source must be encode a signal and a receiver, who must decode the signal.receiver, who must decode the signal.

Elements are.Elements are.

receiversource

signal

This model is particularly relevant to This model is particularly relevant to the mass media.the mass media.

In human communication it is the In human communication it is the most important whether people can most important whether people can proper encode or decode the signals, proper encode or decode the signals, and how they interpret it into their and how they interpret it into their own situation.own situation.

Feedback in Feedback in communicationcommunication

Communication is never complete Communication is never complete without feedback.without feedback.

Feedback should be a continuous Feedback should be a continuous process. it is essential for purposeful process. it is essential for purposeful communication.communication.

Characteristics of feedbackCharacteristics of feedback1.1. Source orientedSource oriented2.2. It varies in different communication It varies in different communication

situationsituation3.3. It affects the source or communicator.It affects the source or communicator.4.4. It exerts control over future message. It exerts control over future message.

We also get feedback from our own We also get feedback from our own message and most of time ourselves message and most of time ourselves correct the mispronunciations correct the mispronunciations

Barriers in CommunicationBarriers in Communication((that have to do with the that have to do with the COMMUNICATORCOMMUNICATOR))

Unwillingness to say things Unwillingness to say things differentlydifferently

Unwillingness to relate to others Unwillingness to relate to others differentlydifferently

Unwillingness to learn new Unwillingness to learn new approachesapproaches

Lack of Self-ConfidenceLack of Self-Confidence Lack of EnthusiasmLack of Enthusiasm

Voice qualityVoice quality Prejudice Negative Self ImagePrejudice Negative Self Image Lack of FeedbackLack of Feedback Lack of Motivation and Lack of Motivation and

TrainingTraining Language and Vocabulary Language and Vocabulary

LevelLevel Lack of Self AwarenessLack of Self Awareness

Barriers in CommunicationBarriers in Communication(that have to do with the (that have to do with the RECEIVERRECEIVER))

Selective PerceptionSelective Perception Unwillingness to ChangeUnwillingness to Change Lack of Interest in the Topic/SubjectLack of Interest in the Topic/Subject Prejudice & Belief SystemPrejudice & Belief System Rebuttal InstinctsRebuttal Instincts Personal Value SystemPersonal Value System Here-and-Now internal & external Here-and-Now internal & external

factorsfactors

Barriers in CommunicationBarriers in Communication(that have to do with the (that have to do with the MESSAGEMESSAGE))

Wrong Handling Of ChannelWrong Handling Of Channel Wrong selection of channel.Wrong selection of channel. External Barriers in CommunicationExternal Barriers in Communication1.1. Environment Environment

– The venueThe venue– The effect of noiseThe effect of noise– Temperature in the roomTemperature in the room2. Other People – Status, Education2. Other People – Status, Education3. Time3. Time

Overcome from barriersOvercome from barriers The 7 Cs of communication help to overcome from The 7 Cs of communication help to overcome from

barriers.barriers.1.1. ClarityClarity2.2. CredibilityCredibility3.3. ContentContent4.4. ContextContext5.5. ContinuityContinuity6.6. CapabilityCapability7.7. channelschannels