communication as a human factor - what does this involve?
TRANSCRIPT
International Civil Aviation English Association ICAEA Workshop 2018, Building on the ICAO LPRs – Communication as a Human Factor
May 9th, 2:30 PM - 2:50 PM
Communication as a human factor - what does this involve? Communication as a human factor - what does this involve?
Michael Kay ICAEA
Ana Lúcia T. Monteiro Carleton University, Canada / ANAC, Brazil, [email protected]
Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/icaea-workshop
Scholarly Commons Citation Scholarly Commons Citation Kay, Michael and Monteiro, Ana Lúcia T., "Communication as a human factor - what does this involve?" (2018). International Civil Aviation English Association. 10. https://commons.erau.edu/icaea-workshop/2018/wednesday/10
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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ENGLISH ASSOCIATION
supporting the use of English for aviation safety
Communication as a human factor
www.icaea.aero
Michael Kay
What are the issues?
ICAEA President
Threats to safety
Threats to safety
Air-ground communication
Language use
Language use
Cross-cultural communicative
competence
Communicative competence
Cross-cultural communicative
competence
Communicative competence
Air-ground communication: human factors
• Language proficiency: Speaking skills
• Language proficiency: Comprehension skills
• Communication skills Ability to adapt to situations and others to facilitate communication:
Awareness of other speaker’s communication needs
Ability to adjust language
Use language and communication style appropriate to the situation
Ability to interpret implied meaning
Recognise and repair communication breakdowns
Engage and share information
• Cultural factors and interactions Power-distance gradients
Perceptions of authority and control
• Cultural interactions Attitudes towards and perceptions of empathy, need to share information, handing confrontation etc. - linked to contexts for communication
Request higher level. Is above
FL 390 available?
Can you accept above FL390?
Are you able to accept FL350?
Ahh, negative. Unable due
performance.
Affirm, request FL350.
?
?
Communication as a human factor
Communication as a human factor
Communication interface: High degree of shared communicative competence
Language use
Cross-cultural communicative
competence
Communicative competence
Language use
Cross-cultural communicative
competence
Communicative competence
Communication interface: Low degree of shared communicative competence
Air-ground communication: Communication as a human factor
Air-ground communication: Communication as a human factor
Cross-cultural communicative competence
Cross-cultural communicative competence: components
Technical Equipment failure
Noise/ interference
Blocked transmission
Two languages in use
National
Language use/proficiency
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Structure/Grammar
Inaccurate ICAO phraseology
Inaccuracy of locally accepted phraseology
Use of slang
Fluency
Numbers
Hesitations
Tempo
Listening kills Comprehension Radio silence
Inaccurate readback
Written
Reading skills
Manuals
MRO
Writing skills
Datalink
Manuals
Graphic information
Datalink
Procedural Incorrect or
omitted callsign
Organizational
Cultural
Readback/ hearback errors
Communication
Cognitive load
Incorrect action/response
Efficiency skills
Pragmatic competence
Lack of succinctness
Lack of immediacy
Lack of appropriacy
Incorrect register/context
Poor radio technique/manner
Sociolinguistic competence
Failure to understand implied meaning
Communicative competence
Individual
Strategic competence
High rate of speech
Failure to simplify vocabulary
Failure to simplify structure
Failure to paraphrase
Accommodation skills
Failure to detect miscommunication
Information engagement skills
Lack of rephrasing
Failure to convey relevant information
Failure to enquire
Cross-cultural communicative competence
Speaking skills
Safety culture
CRM/TRM training and practice
Power distance gradient
Individualism vs collectivism
Lack of awareness of cultural differences
Personal factors
Attitude/perceptions
Failure to seek modification
Communication as a Human Factor Taxonomy
Communication in human factors
Technical Equipment failure
Noise/interference
Blocked transmission
Two languages in use
National
Language use/proficiency
Pronunciation
Vocabulary
Structure/Grammar
Inaccurate ICAO phraseology
Inaccuracy of locally accepted phraseology
Use of slang
Fluency
Numbers
Hesitations
Tempo
Comprehension Radio silence
Inaccurate readback
Written
Reading skills
Manuals
MRO
Writing skills
Datalink
Manuals
Graphic information
Datalink
Procedural Incorrect or
omitted callsign
Organizational
Cultural
Cognitive load
Incorrect action/response
Poor radio technique/manner
Communicative competence
Safety culture
CRM/TRM training and practice
Readback/ hearback errors
Lack of appropriacy
Incorrect register/context
Sociolinguistic competence
Failure to understand implied meaning
Power distance gradient
Individualism vs collectivism
Personal factors
Attitude/perceptions
Individual
Cross-cultural communicative competence
Efficiency skills
Lack of succinctness
Lack of immediacy
Pragmatic competence
Listening skills
Communication
Lack of awareness of cultural differences
High rate of speech
Failure to simplify vocabulary
Failure to simplify structure
Failure to paraphrase
Failure to detect miscommunication
Lack of rephrasing
Failure to convey relevant information
Failure to seek modification
Strategic competence
Accommodation skills
Information engagement skills
Failure to enquire
Speaking skills
Language in communication as a human factor
• Language is a skill: • Speaking, comprehension
• Language is the tool for communication • Communication involves more than one person
• Threats to successful communication are determined by both participants
• Communicative success is determined by language proficiency, cultural interactions, communicative awareness and successful application of communication strategies including skills for cross-cultural communication
• Language proficiency and communicative strategies influence effectiveness of communication and safety
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ENGLISH ASSOCIATION
supporting the use of English for aviation safety
www.icaea.aero